{"id":"court_ctb_1174_1","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":1174,"sub_number":1,"doc_type":"EXHIBIT","filed_date":null,"title":"EXHIBIT A Fact Sheet: Federal Regulation Protecting the Confidentiality of Asylum Applicants","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"# **EXHIBIT A**\n\n#### Fact Sheet: Federal Regulation Protecting the Confidentiality of Asylum Applicants\n\n#### Synopsis\n\nThe federal regulation at 8 CFR 208.6 generally prohibit the disclosure to third parties of infonnation contained in or pertaining to asylum applications, credible fear detenninations, and reasonable fear detenninations-including infonnation contained in RAPS or APSS 1 -except under certain limited circumstances. This regulation safeguards infonnation that, if disclosed publicly, could subject the claimant to retaliatory measures by government authorities or nonstate actors in the event that the claimant is repatriated, or endanger the security of the claimant's family members who may still be residing in the country of origin. Moreover, public disclosure might, albeit in rare circumstances<sup>2</sup> , give rise to a plausible protection claim where one would not otherwise exist by bringing an otherwise ineligible claimant to the attention of the government authority or non-state actor against which the claimant has made allegations of mistreatment.\n\nAccording to established guidance, confidentiality is breached when infonnation contained in or pertaining to an asylum application (including infonnation contained in RAPS or APSS) is disclosed to a third party in violation of the regulation, and the unauthorized disclosure is of a nature that allows the third party to link the identity of the applicant to: ( 1) the fact that the applicant has applied for asylum; (2) specific facts or allegations pertaining to the individual asylum claim contained in an asylum application; or (3) facts or allegations that are sufficient to give rise to a reasonable inference that the applicant has applied for asylum. The same principles generally govern the disclosure of infonnation related to credible fear and reasonable fear detenninations, as well as to applications for withholding or deferral of removal under Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture, which are included in the asylum application.\n\nIn the absence of the asylum applicant's written consent or the Secretary of Homeland Security's3 specific authorization, disclosure may be made only to United States government officials or contractors and United States federal or state courts on a need to know basis related to certain administrative, law enforcement, and civil actions. In some instances, interagency arrangements have been established to facilitate the proper disclosure of asylum-related infonnation to United States agencies pursuant to the regulation. The release of infonnation relating to an asylum application, credible fear detennination, or reasonable fear detennination to an official of another government or to any entity for purposes not specifically authorized by the\n\n<sup>&#</sup>x27;RAPS is the system for maintenance of records concerning aliens who affirmatively seek asylum by applying for the benefit with USCIS. APSS is the system for maintenance of records concerning aliens referred to a USCIS asylum officer for a credible fear or reasonable fear screening determination after having expressed a fear of return to the intended country of removal because of persecution or torture during the expedited removal process under INA sec. 23S(b) or administrative removal processes under INA sec. 238(b) or INA sec. 24l(a)(5). 2 Public disclosure alone will rarely be sufficient to establish *sur place* protection claims under U.S. asylum laws.\n\nThe applicant would have to establish, in light of this disclosure, that he or she has a well-founded fear of r,ersecution on account of one ofthe protected grounds.\n\nBy operation of section 1512(d) of the Homeland Security Act of2002, Pub. L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135, 2310, the Attorney General's authority under 8 C.F.R. § 208.6(a) to authorize disclosure of confidential asylum information held by the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)-and now held by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)-was transferred to the Secretary of DHS.\n\nregulation without the written consent of the claimant requires the express permission of the Secretary of Homeland Security.\n\n## Code of Federal Regulations, Title 8\n\nSec. 208.6 *Disclosure to third parties.*\n\n(a) Information contained in or pertaining to any asylum application, records pertaining to any credible fear determination conducted pursuant to § 208.30, and records pertaining to any reasonable fear determination conducted pursuant to § 208.31, shall not be disclosed without the written consent of the applicant, except as permitted by this section or at the discretion of the Attorney General [now the Secretary ofDHS].\n\n(b) The confidentiality of other records kept by the [Immigration and Naturalization] Service [now DHS] and the Executive Office for Immigration Review that indicate that a specific alien has applied for asylum, received a credible fear or reasonable fear interview, or received a credible fear or reasonable fear review shall also be protected from disclosure. The Service [now DHS] will coordinate with the Department of State to ensure that the confidentiality of those records is maintained if they are transmitted to Department of State offices in other countries.\n\n(c) This section shall not apply to any disclosure to:\n\n(1) Any United States Government official or contractor having a need to examine information in connection with:\n\n(i) The adjudication of asylum applications;\n\n(ii) The consideration of a request for a credible fear or reasonable fear interview, or a credible fear or reasonable fear review;\n\n(iii) The defense of any legal action arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear determination or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31;\n\n(iv) The defense of any legal action of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part; or\n\n(v) Any United States Government investigation concerning any criminal or civil matter; or\n\n(2) Any Federal, State, or local court in the United States considering any legal action:\n\n(i) Arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31; or\n\n(ii) Arising from the proceedings of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part.\n\n#### Frequently Asked Questions\n\n#### 1. Q: Why does the regulation protect asylum-related information from disclosure?\n\nA: Public disclosure of asylum-related information may subject the claimant to retaliatory measures by government authorities or non-state actors in the event that the claimant is repatriated, or endanger the security of the claimant's family members who may still be residing in the country of origin. Moreover, public disclosure might, albeit in some limited circumstances, give rise to a plausible protection claim where one would not otherwise exist by bringing an otherwise ineligible claimant to the attention of the government authority or non-state actor against which the claimant has made allegations of mistreatment. Because refugee applicants face similar negative consequences when their information is disclosed to\n\na third party, as a matter of policy, USCIS extends the same protections outlined in 8 CFR 208.6 to refugees.\n\n## 2. Q: Under what specific circumstances can asylum-related information be disclosed to third parties?\n\nA: In general, asylum-related information must not be shared with third parties without the asylum applicant's written consent or the Secretary of Homeland Security's specific authorization. However, this general prohibition does not apply to the following limited circumstances as established by the regulation at 8 CFR 208.6:\n\n(I) Any United States Government official or contractor having a need to examine information in connection with:\n\n(i) The adjudication of asylum applications;\n\n(ii) The consideration of a request for a credible fear or reasonable fear interview, or a credible fear or reasonable fear review;\n\n(iii) The defense of any legal action arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear determination or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31;\n\n(iv) The defense of any legal action of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part; or\n\n(v) Any United States Government investigation concerning any criminal or civil matter; or\n\n(2) Any Federal, State, or local court in the United States considering any legal action:\n\n(i) Arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31; or\n\n(ii) Arising from the proceedings of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part.\"\n\n## 3. Q: To what extent may asylum-related information be disclosed to personnel within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), such as Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) or Customs and Border Protection (CBP) personnel?\n\nA: Asylum-related information may be disclosed to ICE and CBP personnel, as they are not considered \"third parties\" for the purposes of 8 CFR 208.6. Protected asylum-related information may also be disclosed to offices within the direct policy and legal chains of command of DHS, such as DHS Office of General Counsel, the Office of the Undersecretary for Border and Transportation Security (BTS), the Office of the Deputy Secretary, and the Office of the Secretary.\n\n# 4. Q: If none of the regulatory exceptions applies, what information about an asylum applicant, if any, may be shared with third parties without breaching confidentiality?\n\nA: According to established guidance, confidentiality is breached when information contained in or pertaining to an asylum application is disclosed to a third party in violation of the regulation, and the unauthorized disclosure is of a nature that allows the third party to link the identity ofthe applicant to: (1) the fact that the applicant has applied for asylum; (2)\n\nspecific facts or allegations pertaining to the individual asylum claim contained in an asylum application; or (3) facts or allegations that are sufficient to give rise to a reasonable inference that the applicant has applied for asylum. The same principles govern the disclosure of information related to credible fear and reasonable fear determinations. They also generally apply to applications for withholding or deferral of removal under Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture, which are included in the asylum application.\n\n## 5. Q: Under the regulation's exceptions, can asylum-related information be disclosed to state law enforcement agencies or other state agencies?\n\nA: No. The confidentiality regulation does not allow disclosure of asylum-related information to state agencies, including state law enforcement agencies, except with the asylum applicant's written consent or the Secretary of Homeland Security's specific authorization. The regulation at 208.6(c)(2) do, however, allow for disclosure to state or local courts under certain circumstances.\n\n## 6. Q: Under the regulation, how can a United States Government official or contractor, who is seeking asylum-related information and to whom asylum-related information may be disclosed, obtain that information from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)?\n\nA: Unless there is a pre-existing interagency arrangement or protocol, government officials or contractors should request asylum-related information about specific aliens directly from the appropriate USCIS Asylum Office Director with jurisdiction over the alien's application. Requests for asylum-related information concerning groups of aliens that match certain identified criteria must be made to the Chief of the Asylum Division of USCIS by the appropriate official in the requesting agency.\n\n# 7. Q: If asylum-related information is properly disclosed to a third party pursuant to the regulation, what is the third party's obligation with respect to confidentiality?\n\nA: As the new custodian of the asylum-related information, the third-party recipient is bound by the confidentiality regulation under 8 CFR 208.6. The recipient must not disclose the asylum-related information to other parties, except as authorized by the regulation.\n\n#### 8. Q: What are the obligations of U.S. government officials or contractors who work with or are responsible for maintaining asylum-related information in U.S. government systems?\n\nA: U.S. government officials or contractors who encounter asylum-related information in their work are bound by the confidentiality regulation under 8 CFR 208.6. These personnel must not disclose the asylum-related information to third parties, except as authorized by the regulation. When making an authorized disclosure of asylum-related information to a third party, these personnel should alert the third party to the confidentiality requirements of 8 CFR208.6.\n\n## 9. Q: Are non-USCIS custodians of asylum-related information required to obtain authorization from USCIS before disclosing the asylum-related information to another party pursuant to the regulation?\n\nA: No. However, the transmitter of information should take reasonable steps to ensure that the new recipient of information is aware of the confidentiality rules described in this document to prevent unauthorized disclosure by the new recipient. The transmitter may want to provide the new recipient with a copy of this document for that purpose.\n\n## 10. Q: Is there an interagency arrangement between members of the Intelligence Community and agencies with counterterrorism functions and USCIS concerning the disclosure of asylum-related information?\n\nA: On October 8, 2001, the Attorney General used his discretionary authority under 8 CFR 208.6 to provide the FBI access to asylum applications filed with USC IS for the purpose of gathering foreign counterintelligence or international terrorism information unrelated to pending criminal or civil litigation. This arrangement was superseded in an April 18, 2007, memorandum whereby Secretary of Homeland Security Chertoff exercised his authority under 8 CFR 208.6 to allow disclosure of asylum-related information to any element of the U.S. Intelligence Community or any other federal or state agency having a counterterrorism function, provided that the need to examine the information or the request is made in connection with its authorized intelligence or counterterrorism function or functions and that the information received will be used for the authorized purpose for which it was requested. On August 25, 2011, Secretary Napolitano signed an addendum to the 2007 Memorandum. The addendum expands sharing of asylum-related information to include sharing with any local government agency having a counterterrorism function.\n\nIn general, requests for disclosure of asylum-related information shall be made to the DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis Support Branch (IASB) using the DHS Support Request Form. Requests for asylum information must include a detailed justification directly linking the request to an authorized intelligence or counterterrorism function, as IASB is required to validate requests with the offices of Privacy, Intelligence Oversight, and the General Counsel. The request for asylum information must be approved by an individual with supervisory command from the requesting office.\n\nIf the request for disclosure, or pre-emptive disclosure if no request is made, occurs in accordance with the terms and conditions of any applicable standing information-sharing arrangements between DHS and the recipient, disclosure may be made without using the DHS Support Request Form.\n\n#### I I. Q: Can members of the Intelligence Community and agencies with counterterrorism functions that receive asylum-related information further disseminate it?\n\nA: Under certain limited circumstances, an element of the Intelligence Community or other federal, state or local governmental agency having a counterterrorism function that received asylum or refugee-related information may further disseminate that information, but such\n\nfurther disclosure must be authorized by the Secretary, Deputy Secretary or the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis acting in coordination with the Director, USCIS, the Assistant Secretary, ICE or any other DHS official to whom disclosure authority under section 208.6(a) bas been delegated.\n\n#### 12. Q: Are there any other interagency arrangements?\n\nA: Yes. In 2002, the Attorney General authorized the Asylum Division to disclose to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) biographical information on individuals granted asylum to enable ORR to meet congressional reporting requirements and generate statistical reports used to allocate funding for asylee social benefits. In 2001 the Attorney General authorized the Asylum Division to disclose to HHS certain biographical information on asylees to enable ORR and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) to provide emergency relief to qualified asylees.\n\n#### 13. Q: Can asylum-related information be shared with foreign governments or international organizations (such as INTERPOL)?\n\nA: Asylum-related information cannot be shared with foreign governments or international organizations without the written consent of the asylum applicant, except at the discretion of the Secretary of Homeland Security. Secretary Napolitano bas exercised her discretion to permit regular sharing of asylum-related information with Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. Secretary Ridge initially allowed the sharing of asylum-related information with Canada in 2003. The arrangement with Canada is in the form of a *Statement of Mutual Understanding on Information Sharing* (SMU) and an Asylum Annex to the SMU, which together permit Canada's Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and USCIS to exchange asylum-related records on both a case-by-case and systematic basis.\n\nSince the signing of the Asylum Annex to the Statement of Mutual Understanding on Information Sharing between the U.S. and Canada in 2003, USCIS and CIC have engaged in a regular exchange of information on asylum claims on a case-by-case basis. More recently, the USC IS Asylum Division bas worked with US-VISIT on sharing information relating to refugee claimants as defined in the agreement under the Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol (Protocol). Beginning in 2010, the Asylum Division commenced information sharing under the FCC Protocol with Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The Asylum Division commenced information sharing under the FCC Protocol with New Zealand in 2011.\n\n#### 14. Q: Why are there special information-sharing agreements with Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand?\n\nA: Sharing information on asylum seekers was included as an initiative in the agreement signed by former Attorney General Ashcroft and former Canadian Minister of Citizenship and lmmigration Caplan on December 2, 2001. It was also one of the thirty initiatives included in the Ridge-Manley Smart Border Action Plan. In furtherance of this initiative, the\n\nUnited States and Canadian governments entered into a formal arrangement in 2003 that permits USCIS and CIC to systematically share information on individuals seeking asylum in the U.S. or Canada. The subsequent information-sharing agreements with Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand through the Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol (Protocol) further strengthen USCIS's capacity to acquire information relevant to asylum adjudications. By gaining access to this key information, USCIS and the immigration authorities in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand will enhance their abilities to prevent abuse of the asylum process in their respective countries and to make accurate asylum eligibility determinations, thereby strengthening the integrity of each country's asylum system.\n\n## 15. Q: What is the status of the implementation of the information-sharing arrangement with Canada?\n\nA: USCIS and CIC have been sharing information on asylum seekers on a case-by-case basis since 2003. As of2010, the USCIS Asylum Division has also worked with US-VISIT to share asylum-related information with Canada under the Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol (Protocol). The 2011 Beyond the Border agreement between the United States and Canada includes an action plan for enhanced information sharing between the two countries. USCIS and CIC and their technical specialists are working together to develop a fully automated systematic sharing of information to cover all asylum claimants who are subject to biometric collection requirements by 2014.\n\n## 16. Q: May protected asylum-related information be shared with congressional offices?\n\nA: If the Chairman of a congressional committee with competent jurisdiction submits a written request for protected asylum-related information, the requested information will generally be provided without regard to the regulation. Written requests for asylum-related information by individual Members of Congress or their respective staff members will be considered on a case-by-case basis.\n\n#### 17. Q: What information can be shared with the press when the applicant bas gone public with the asylum claim?\n\nA: Because the regulation currently requires the applicant's written consent, we generally do not recognize implicit waivers of confidentiality, even when the asylum-related information is a matter of public record.\n\n## 18. Q: Does 8 CFR 208.6 apply to refugee information?\n\nA: As a matter of policy, USCIS extends the same protections outlined in 8 CFR 208.6 to refugees.\n\nIf you have any questions regarding these policies, please contact the Asylum Division's Operations Branch Chief at 202.272.1651.","body_zh":"物证 A\n\n情况说明书：保护庇护申请人保密性的联邦法规\n\n概要\n\n除某些有限情形外，8 CFR 208.6 的联邦法规通常禁止向第三方披露庇护申请、可信恐惧认定（credible fear determinations）以及合理恐惧认定（reasonable fear determinations）所包含或与之相关的信息——包括 RAPS 或 APSS 1 中包含的信息。该法规旨在保护此类信息，因为一旦被公开披露，在申请人被遣返的情况下，可能导致其遭受政府当局或非国家行为体的报复性措施，或者危及可能仍居住在原籍国的申请人家属的安全。此外，公开披露虽然在罕见情况下 2，但可能会将原本不符合条件的申请人置于其曾指控施加虐待的政府当局或非国家行为体的注意之下，从而产生原本不存在的看似合理的保护主张。\n\n根据既定指引，当违反法规向第三方披露庇护申请中所包含或与之相关的信息（包括 RAPS 或 APSS 中包含的信息），且该未经授权的披露在性质上使第三方能够将申请人的身份与以下事项联系起来时，即构成违反保密规定：(1) 申请人已申请庇护的事实；(2) 庇护申请中包含的与个人庇护主张相关的具体事实或指控；或 (3) 足以合理推断出申请人已申请庇护的事实或指控。相同的原则通常适用于披露与可信恐惧和合理恐惧认定相关的信息，以及包含在庇护申请中的根据《禁止酷刑公约》（Convention Against Torture）第3条提出的暂缓递解或推迟递解出境申请。\n\n在没有庇护申请人书面同意或国土安全部部长（Secretary of Homeland Security）3 具体授权的情况下，仅可在与某些行政、执法和民事诉讼相关的知情必要（need to know）基础上，向美国政府官员或承包商以及美国联邦或州法院进行披露。在某些情况下，已建立跨部门安排，以便利根据法规向美国机构妥善披露与庇护相关的信息。未经申请人书面同意，向另一国政府的官员或为未获\n\n1 RAPS 是用于维护有关通过向 USCIS（美国公民及移民服务局）申请该福利而主动寻求庇护的外国人的记录系统。APSS 是用于维护有关外国人的记录系统，这些外国人在根据 INA（《移民与国籍法》）第 235(b) 条进行的快速递解出境程序中，或根据 INA 第 238(b) 条或 INA 第 241(a)(5) 条进行的行政递解出境程序中，因遭受迫害或酷刑而表示害怕返回拟递解的目的国后，被移交给 USCIS 庇护官员进行可信恐惧或合理恐惧甄别认定。2 仅公开披露本身很少足以根据美国庇护法确立就地庇护（sur place）保护主张。\n\n鉴于该项披露，申请人必须证明其因受保护的理由之一而具有充分理由恐惧遭受迫害。\n\n根据 Pub. L. 107-296，116 Stat. 2135, 2310《2002年国土安全法案》（Homeland Security Act of 2002）第 1512(d) 条的实施，司法部长根据 8 C.F.R. § 208.6(a) 授权披露前 INS（移民与归化局）——现由 DHS（国土安全部）——持有的机密庇护信息的权力，已转移给 DHS 部长。\n\n法规明确授权的目的向任何实体发布与庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定相关的信息，均须获得国土安全部部长的明确许可。\n\n《联邦法规汇编》（Code of Federal Regulations）第 8 卷\n\n第 208.6 条 向第三方披露。\n\n(a) 任何庇护申请中包含的或与之相关的信息、与根据第 208.30 条进行的任何可信恐惧认定相关的记录，以及与根据第 208.31 条进行的任何合理恐惧认定相关的记录，未经申请人书面同意，不得予以披露，但本条允许的或经司法部长［现为 DHS 部长］酌情决定的除外。\n\n(b) ［移民与归化］局［现为 DHS］和移民审查执行办公室（Executive Office for Immigration Review）保存的表明特定外国人已申请庇护、接受了可信恐惧或合理恐惧面谈、或接受了可信恐惧或合理恐惧复核的其他记录的保密性，也应受到保护以防披露。该局［现为 DHS］将与国务院（Department of State）协调，以确保在将这些记录传送至国务院驻其他国家机构时保持其保密性。\n\n(c) 本条不适用于向以下对象的任何披露：\n\n(1) 因下列相关事项而有必要审查信息的任何美国政府官员或承包商：\n\n(i) 庇护申请的裁决；\n\n(ii) 对可信恐惧或合理恐惧面谈请求，或可信恐惧或合理恐惧复核请求的考量；\n\n(iii) 因裁决或未能裁决庇护申请，或因根据第 208.30 条或第 208.31 条进行的可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定而引起的任何法律诉讼的抗辩；\n\n(iv) 庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定属于其中一部分的任何法律诉讼的抗辩；或\n\n(v) 涉及任何刑事或民事事项的任何美国政府调查；或\n\n(2) 审理涉及下列事项的任何法律诉讼的美国任何联邦、州或地方法院：\n\n(i) 因裁决或未能裁决庇护申请，或因根据第 208.30 条或第 208.31 条进行的可信恐惧或合理恐惧认定而引起的；或\n\n(ii) 因庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定属于其中一部分的诉讼程序而引起的。\n\n常见问题解答\n\n1. 问：为什么法规保护庇护相关信息免遭披露？\n\n答：公开披露庇护相关信息可能在申请人被遣返的情况下，使其遭受政府当局或非国家行为体的报复性措施，或者危及可能仍居住在原籍国的申请人家属的安全。此外，公开披露虽然在某些有限情况下，但可能会将原本不符合条件的申请人置于其曾指控施加虐待的政府当局或非国家行为体的注意之下，从而产生原本不存在的看似合理的保护主张。由于难民申请人在其信息被披露给\n\n第三方时面临类似的负面后果，作为一项政策事项，USCIS 将 8 CFR 208.6 中概述的相同保护扩大适用于难民。\n\n2. 问：在哪些具体情况下可以向第三方披露庇护相关信息？\n\n答：通常，未经庇护申请人书面同意或国土安全部部长的具体授权，不得与第三方共享庇护相关信息。然而，该一般性禁令不适用于 8 CFR 208.6 法规确立的以下有限情形：\n\n(1) 因下列相关事项而有必要审查信息的任何美国政府官员或承包商：\n\n(i) 庇护申请的裁决；\n\n(ii) 对可信恐惧或合理恐惧面谈请求，或可信恐惧或合理恐惧复核请求的考量；\n\n(iii) 因裁决或未能裁决庇护申请，或因根据第 208.30 条或第 208.31 条进行的可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定而引起的任何法律诉讼的抗辩；\n\n(iv) 庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定属于其中一部分的任何法律诉讼的抗辩；或\n\n(v) 涉及任何刑事或民事事项的任何美国政府调查；或\n\n(2) 审理涉及下列事项的任何法律诉讼的美国任何联邦、州或地方法院：\n\n(i) 因裁决或未能裁决庇护申请，或因根据第 208.30 条或第 208.31 条进行的可信恐惧或合理恐惧认定而引起的；或\n\n(ii) 因庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定属于其中一部分的诉讼程序而引起的。\n\n3. 问：庇护相关信息在多大程度上可以向 DHS（国土安全部）内部人员披露，例如 ICE（移民与海关执法局）或 CBP（海关与边境保护局）人员？\n\n答：庇护相关信息可以向 ICE 和 CBP 人员披露，因为就 8 CFR 208.6 而言，他们不被视为“第三方”。受保护的庇护相关信息也可以向 DHS 直接政策和法律指挥链内的办公室披露，例如 DHS 总法律顾问办公室（Office of General Counsel）、边境和运输安全次长办公室（BTS）、副部长办公室以及部长办公室。\n\n4. 问：如果不适用任何法规例外情况，在不违反保密规定的情况下，关于庇护申请人的哪些信息（如果有的话）可以与第三方共享？\n\n答：根据既定指引，当违反法规向第三方披露庇护申请中所包含或与之相关的信息，且该未经授权的披露在性质上使第三方能够将申请人的身份与以下事项联系起来时，即构成违反保密规定：(1) 申请人已申请庇护的事实；(2)\n\n庇护申请中包含的与个人庇护主张相关的具体事实或指控；或 (3) 足以合理推断出申请人已申请庇护的事实或指控。相同的原则适用于披露与可信恐惧和合理恐惧认定相关的信息。它们通常也适用于包含在庇护申请中的根据《禁止酷刑公约》第3条提出的暂缓递解或推迟递解出境申请。\n\n5. 问：根据法规的例外情况，庇护相关信息是否可以向州执法机构或其他州机构披露？\n\n答：不能。保密法规不允许向州机构（包括州执法机构）披露庇护相关信息，除非获得庇护申请人的书面同意或国土安全部部长的具体授权。然而，第 208.6(c)(2) 条法规确实允许在某些情况下向州或地方法院进行披露。\n\n6. 问：根据法规，寻求庇护相关信息且可以向其披露庇护相关信息的美国政府官员或承包商，如何从 USCIS（美国公民及移民服务局）获取该信息？\n\n答：除非已有既有的机构间协议或规程，否则政府官员或承包商应直接向对该外国人申请具有管辖权的相应 USCIS（美国公民及移民服务局）庇护办公室主任索取有关特定外国人的庇护相关信息。关于符合特定既定标准的外国人团体的庇护相关信息请求，必须由请求机构的主管官员向 USCIS 庇护处处长提出。\n\n7. 问：如果根据该规定向第三方正当披露了庇护相关信息，第三方在保密方面的义务是什么？\n\n答：作为庇护相关信息的新保管人，第三方接收方受 8 CFR 208.6 项下保密规定的约束。除获得该规定授权外，接收方不得向其他方披露庇护相关信息。\n\n8. 问：在工作中接触或负责维护美国政府系统中庇护相关信息的美国政府官员或承包商承担何种义务？\n\n答：在工作中接触庇护相关信息的美国政府官员或承包商受 8 CFR 208.6 项下保密规定的约束。除获得该规定授权外，这些人员不得向第三方披露庇护相关信息。在向第三方进行获授权的庇护相关信息披露时，这些人员应提醒第三方注意 8 CFR 208.6 的保密要求。\n\n9. 问：非 USCIS 的庇护相关信息保管人根据该规定向另一方披露庇护相关信息之前，是否必须获得 USCIS 的授权？\n\n答：不需要。但是，信息传输方应采取合理措施，确保新的信息接收方知晓本文件所述的保密规则，以防止新接收方发生未经授权的披露。为此目的，传输方可向新接收方提供本文件的一份副本。\n\n10. 问：情报界成员及具有反恐职能的机构与 USCIS 之间是否存在关于披露庇护相关信息的机构间协议？\n\n答：2001年10月8日，司法部长行使了 8 CFR 208.6 项下的自由裁量权，向 FBI（联邦调查局）提供获取向 USCIS 提交的庇护申请的权限，以便收集与未决刑事或民事诉讼无关的外国反情报或国际恐怖主义信息。该安排在2007年4月18日的备忘录中被取代，根据该备忘录，国土安全部部长 Chertoff（切尔托夫）行使其在 8 CFR 208.6 项下的权力，允许向美国情报界的任何组成部分或具有反恐职能的任何其他联邦或州机构披露庇护相关信息，前提是审查该信息的需求或该请求是与其经授权的情报或反恐职能相关联而提出的，且所接收的信息将用于提出请求所针对的获授权目的。2011年8月25日，部长 Napolitano（纳波利塔诺）签署了2007年备忘录的补遗。该补遗扩大了庇护相关信息的共享范围，将共享扩大到具有反恐职能的任何地方政府机构。\n\n通常情况下，要求披露庇护相关信息的请求应使用 DHS（国土安全部）支持请求表向 DHS 情报与分析办公室支持处（IASB）提出。庇护信息请求必须包含详细的理由说明，将请求直接与其经授权的情报或反恐职能挂钩，因为 IASB 被要求向隐私办公室、情报监督办公室和总法律顾问办公室验证这些请求。庇护信息请求必须获得请求办公室具有监督指挥权的人员的批准。\n\n如果披露请求（或在未提出请求的情况下的主动预披露）是根据 DHS 与接收方之间任何适用的现行信息共享安排的条款和条件进行的，则可以在不使用 DHS 支持请求表的情况下进行披露。\n\n11. 问：接收到庇护相关信息的情报界成员及具有反恐职能的机构能否进一步传播该信息？\n\n答：在某些有限的情况下，接收到庇护或难民相关信息的情报界组成部分或具有反恐职能的其他联邦、州或地方政府机构可以进一步传播该信息，但该等进一步披露必须获得部长、副部长或情报与分析副部长的授权，并与 USCIS 局长、ICE（美国移民和海关执法局）助理部长或根据第 208.6(a) 条获转授披露权力的任何其他 DHS 官员协调行事。\n\n12. 问：是否还有其他机构间安排？\n\n答：是的。2002年，司法部长授权庇护处向 HHS（卫生与公众服务部）的 ORR（难民安置办公室）披露获准庇护个人的传记信息，以使 ORR 能够满足国会报告要求并生成用于分配受庇护人社会福利资金的统计报告。2001年，司法部长授权庇护处向 HHS 披露受庇护人的某些传记信息，以使 ORR 和 CDC（疾病控制与预防中心）能够向合格的受庇护人提供紧急救济。\n\n13. 问：庇护相关信息能否与外国政府或国际组织（如 INTERPOL（国际刑警组织））共享？\n\n答：未经庇护申请人书面同意，不得与外国政府或国际组织共享庇护相关信息，除非由国土安全部部长全权裁量决定。部长 Napolitano 已行使其自由裁量权，允许定期与加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰共享庇护相关信息。部长 Ridge（里奇）最初于2003年允许与加拿大共享庇护相关信息。与加拿大的安排采取《信息共享共同谅解声明》（SMU）以及 SMU 的《庇护附件》的形式，这两份文件共同允许加拿大的 CIC（加拿大公民及移民部）与 USCIS 在个案和系统化的基础上交换庇护相关记录。\n\n自2003年美加签署《信息共享共同谅解声明庇护附件》以来，USCIS 与 CIC 已在个案基础上就庇护申请展开定期信息交换。近期，USCIS 庇护处已与 US-VISIT（美国访客和移民状态指示技术）合作，根据《Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol（五国会议高价值数据共享规程）》（规程）项下的协议共享与难民申请人相关的信息。自2010年开始，庇护处根据 FCC 规程开始与加拿大、澳大利亚和英国进行信息共享。庇护处于2011年根据 FCC 规程开始与新西兰进行信息共享。\n\n14. 问：为什么与加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰有特别的信息共享协议？\n\n答：共享庇护申请人的信息是前司法部长 Ashcroft（阿什克罗夫特）与前加拿大公民和移民部长 Caplan（卡普兰）于2001年12月2日签署的协议中包含的一项倡议。这也是《Ridge-Manley Smart Border Action Plan（里奇-曼利智能边境行动计划）》中包含的三十项倡议之一。为了推进该倡议，美国和加拿大政府于2003年达成了一项正式安排，允许 USCIS 和 CIC 系统地共享在美国或加拿大寻求庇护个人的信息。随后通过《Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol（五国会议高价值数据共享规程）》（规程）与加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰达成的诸项信息共享协议，进一步增强了 USCIS 获取与庇护裁决相关信息的能力。通过获取这些关键信息，USCIS 以及加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的移民当局将提高其防止在各自国家滥用庇护程序以及做出准确的庇护资格认定的能力，从而加强各国庇护系统的健全性。\n\n15. 问：与加拿大的信息共享安排的执行状况如何？\n\n答：USCIS 和 CIC 自2003年以来一直在个案基础上共享庇护申请人的信息。截至2010年，USCIS 庇护处还与 US-VISIT 合作，根据《Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol（五国会议高价值数据共享规程）》（规程）与加拿大共享庇护相关信息。美加之间2011年的《Beyond the Border（超越边界）》协议包含一项加强两国间信息共享的行动计划。USCIS 和 CIC 及其技术专家正在共同努力开发全自动系统化信息共享，以便在2014年之前涵盖所有须履行生物识别采集要求的庇护申请人。\n\n16. 问：受保护的庇护相关信息能否与国会办公室共享？\n\n答：如果具有管辖权的国会委员会主席就受保护的庇护相关信息提交书面请求，通常将在不考虑该规定的情况下提供所请求的信息。个别国会议员或其各自工作人员提出的庇护相关信息书面请求将按个案予以考虑。\n\n17. 问：当申请人公开其庇护申请时，可以向媒体共享哪些信息？\n\n答：由于该规定目前要求获得申请人的书面同意，因此即使庇护相关信息已属于公开记录，我们通常也不承认对保密性的默示放弃。\n\n18. 问：8 CFR 208.6 是否适用于难民信息？\n\n答：作为一项政策，USCIS 将 8 CFR 208.6 中规定的同等保护延伸适用于难民。\n\n如果您对这些政策有任何疑问，请致电 202.272.1651 联系庇护处业务科科长。","key_entities":["Je"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3290,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 13:42:26"}