{"id":"court_ctb_1228_4","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":1228,"sub_number":4,"doc_type":"EXHIBIT","filed_date":null,"title":"EXHIBIT D Fact Sheet: Federal Regulation Protecting the Confidentiality of Asylum Applicants","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"# **EXHIBIT D**\n\n#### Fact Sheet: Federal Regulation Protecting the Confidentiality of Asylum Applicants\n\n#### Synopsis\n\nThe federal regulation at 8 CFR 208.6 generally prohibit the disclosure to third parties of infonnation contained in or pertaining to asylum applications, credible fear detenninations, and reasonable fear detenninations-including infonnation contained in RAPS or APSS 1 -except under certain limited circumstances. This regulation safeguards infonnation that, if disclosed publicly, could subject the claimant to retaliatory measures by government authorities or nonstate actors in the event that the claimant is repatriated, or endanger the security of the claimant's family members who may still be residing in the country of origin. Moreover, public disclosure might, albeit in rare circumstances<sup>2</sup> , give rise to a plausible protection claim where one would not otherwise exist by bringing an otherwise ineligible claimant to the attention of the government authority or non-state actor against which the claimant has made allegations of mistreatment.\n\nAccording to established guidance, confidentiality is breached when infonnation contained in or pertaining to an asylum application (including infonnation contained in RAPS or APSS) is disclosed to a third party in violation of the regulation, and the unauthorized disclosure is of a nature that allows the third party to link the identity of the applicant to: ( 1) the fact that the applicant has applied for asylum; (2) specific facts or allegations pertaining to the individual asylum claim contained in an asylum application; or (3) facts or allegations that are sufficient to give rise to a reasonable inference that the applicant has applied for asylum. The same principles generally govern the disclosure of infonnation related to credible fear and reasonable fear detenninations, as well as to applications for withholding or deferral of removal under Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture, which are included in the asylum application.\n\nIn the absence of the asylum applicant's written consent or the Secretary of Homeland Security's3 specific authorization, disclosure may be made only to United States government officials or contractors and United States federal or state courts on a need to know basis related to certain administrative, law enforcement, and civil actions. In some instances, interagency arrangements have been established to facilitate the proper disclosure of asylum-related infonnation to United States agencies pursuant to the regulation. The release of infonnation relating to an asylum application, credible fear detennination, or reasonable fear detennination to an official of another government or to any entity for purposes not specifically authorized by the\n\n<sup>&#</sup>x27;RAPS is the system for maintenance of records concerning aliens who affirmatively seek asylum by applying for the benefit with USCIS. APSS is the system for maintenance of records concerning aliens referred to a USCIS asylum officer for a credible fear or reasonable fear screening determination after having expressed a fear of return to the intended country of removal because of persecution or torture during the expedited removal process under INA sec. 23S(b) or administrative removal processes under INA sec. 238(b) or INA sec. 24l(a)(5). 2 Public disclosure alone will rarely be sufficient to establish *sur place* protection claims under U.S. asylum laws.\n\nThe applicant would have to establish, in light of this disclosure, that he or she has a well-founded fear of r,ersecution on account of one ofthe protected grounds.\n\nBy operation of section 1512(d) of the Homeland Security Act of2002, Pub. L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135, 2310, the Attorney General's authority under 8 C.F.R. § 208.6(a) to authorize disclosure of confidential asylum information held by the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)-and now held by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)-was transferred to the Secretary of DHS.\n\nregulation without the written consent of the claimant requires the express permission of the Secretary of Homeland Security.\n\n### Code of Federal Regulations, Title 8\n\nSec. 208.6 *Disclosure to third parties.*\n\n(a) Information contained in or pertaining to any asylum application, records pertaining to any credible fear determination conducted pursuant to § 208.30, and records pertaining to any reasonable fear determination conducted pursuant to § 208.31, shall not be disclosed without the written consent of the applicant, except as permitted by this section or at the discretion of the Attorney General [now the Secretary ofDHS].\n\n(b) The confidentiality of other records kept by the [Immigration and Naturalization] Service [now DHS] and the Executive Office for Immigration Review that indicate that a specific alien has applied for asylum, received a credible fear or reasonable fear interview, or received a credible fear or reasonable fear review shall also be protected from disclosure. The Service [now DHS] will coordinate with the Department of State to ensure that the confidentiality of those records is maintained if they are transmitted to Department of State offices in other countries.\n\n(c) This section shall not apply to any disclosure to:\n\n(1) Any United States Government official or contractor having a need to examine information in connection with:\n\n(i) The adjudication of asylum applications;\n\n(ii) The consideration of a request for a credible fear or reasonable fear interview, or a credible fear or reasonable fear review;\n\n(iii) The defense of any legal action arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear determination or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31;\n\n(iv) The defense of any legal action of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part; or\n\n(v) Any United States Government investigation concerning any criminal or civil matter; or\n\n(2) Any Federal, State, or local court in the United States considering any legal action:\n\n(i) Arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31; or\n\n(ii) Arising from the proceedings of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part.\n\n### Frequently Asked Questions\n\n#### 1. Q: Why does the regulation protect asylum-related information from disclosure?\n\nA: Public disclosure of asylum-related information may subject the claimant to retaliatory measures by government authorities or non-state actors in the event that the claimant is repatriated, or endanger the security of the claimant's family members who may still be residing in the country of origin. Moreover, public disclosure might, albeit in some limited circumstances, give rise to a plausible protection claim where one would not otherwise exist by bringing an otherwise ineligible claimant to the attention of the government authority or non-state actor against which the claimant has made allegations of mistreatment. Because refugee applicants face similar negative consequences when their information is disclosed to\n\na third party, as a matter of policy, USCIS extends the same protections outlined in 8 CFR 208.6 to refugees.\n\n### 2. Q: Under what specific circumstances can asylum-related information be disclosed to third parties?\n\nA: In general, asylum-related information must not be shared with third parties without the asylum applicant's written consent or the Secretary of Homeland Security's specific authorization. However, this general prohibition does not apply to the following limited circumstances as established by the regulation at 8 CFR 208.6:\n\n(I) Any United States Government official or contractor having a need to examine information in connection with:\n\n(i) The adjudication of asylum applications;\n\n(ii) The consideration of a request for a credible fear or reasonable fear interview, or a credible fear or reasonable fear review;\n\n(iii) The defense of any legal action arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear determination or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31;\n\n(iv) The defense of any legal action of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part; or\n\n(v) Any United States Government investigation concerning any criminal or civil matter; or\n\n(2) Any Federal, State, or local court in the United States considering any legal action:\n\n(i) Arising from the adjudication of, or failure to adjudicate, the asylum application, or from a credible fear or reasonable fear determination under § 208.30 or § 208.31; or\n\n(ii) Arising from the proceedings of which the asylum application, credible fear determination, or reasonable fear determination is a part.\"\n\n### 3. Q: To what extent may asylum-related information be disclosed to personnel within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), such as Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) or Customs and Border Protection (CBP) personnel?\n\nA: Asylum-related information may be disclosed to ICE and CBP personnel, as they are not considered \"third parties\" for the purposes of 8 CFR 208.6. Protected asylum-related information may also be disclosed to offices within the direct policy and legal chains of command of DHS, such as DHS Office of General Counsel, the Office of the Undersecretary for Border and Transportation Security (BTS), the Office of the Deputy Secretary, and the Office of the Secretary.\n\n## 4. Q: If none of the regulatory exceptions applies, what information about an asylum applicant, if any, may be shared with third parties without breaching confidentiality?\n\nA: According to established guidance, confidentiality is breached when information contained in or pertaining to an asylum application is disclosed to a third party in violation of the regulation, and the unauthorized disclosure is of a nature that allows the third party to link the identity ofthe applicant to: (1) the fact that the applicant has applied for asylum; (2)\n\nspecific facts or allegations pertaining to the individual asylum claim contained in an asylum application; or (3) facts or allegations that are sufficient to give rise to a reasonable inference that the applicant has applied for asylum. The same principles govern the disclosure of information related to credible fear and reasonable fear determinations. They also generally apply to applications for withholding or deferral of removal under Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture, which are included in the asylum application.\n\n### 5. Q: Under the regulation's exceptions, can asylum-related information be disclosed to state law enforcement agencies or other state agencies?\n\nA: No. The confidentiality regulation does not allow disclosure of asylum-related information to state agencies, including state law enforcement agencies, except with the asylum applicant's written consent or the Secretary of Homeland Security's specific authorization. The regulation at 208.6(c)(2) do, however, allow for disclosure to state or local courts under certain circumstances.\n\n#### 6. Q: Under the regulation, how can a United States Government official or contractor, who is seeking asylum-related information and to whom asylum-related information may be disclosed, obtain that information from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)?\n\nA: Unless there is a pre-existing interagency arrangement or protocol, government officials or contractors should request asylum-related information about specific aliens directly from the appropriate USCIS Asylum Office Director with jurisdiction over the alien's application. Requests for asylum-related information concerning groups of aliens that match certain identified criteria must be made to the Chief of the Asylum Division of USCIS by the appropriate official in the requesting agency.\n\n## 7. Q: If asylum-related information is properly disclosed to a third party pursuant to the regulation, what is the third party's obligation with respect to confidentiality?\n\nA: As the new custodian of the asylum-related information, the third-party recipient is bound by the confidentiality regulation under 8 CFR 208.6. The recipient must not disclose the asylum-related information to other parties, except as authorized by the regulation.\n\n#### 8. Q: What are the obligations of U.S. government officials or contractors who work with or are responsible for maintaining asylum-related information in U.S. government systems?\n\nA: U.S. government officials or contractors who encounter asylum-related information in their work are bound by the confidentiality regulation under 8 CFR 208.6. These personnel must not disclose the asylum-related information to third parties, except as authorized by the regulation. When making an authorized disclosure of asylum-related information to a third party, these personnel should alert the third party to the confidentiality requirements of 8 CFR208.6.\n\n### 9. Q: Are non-USCIS custodians of asylum-related information required to obtain authorization from USCIS before disclosing the asylum-related information to another party pursuant to the regulation?\n\nA: No. However, the transmitter of information should take reasonable steps to ensure that the new recipient of information is aware of the confidentiality rules described in this document to prevent unauthorized disclosure by the new recipient. The transmitter may want to provide the new recipient with a copy of this document for that purpose.\n\n#### 10. Q: Is there an interagency arrangement between members of the Intelligence Community and agencies with counterterrorism functions and USCIS concerning the disclosure of asylum-related information?\n\nA: On October 8, 2001, the Attorney General used his discretionary authority under 8 CFR 208.6 to provide the FBI access to asylum applications filed with USC IS for the purpose of gathering foreign counterintelligence or international terrorism information unrelated to pending criminal or civil litigation. This arrangement was superseded in an April 18, 2007, memorandum whereby Secretary of Homeland Security Chertoff exercised his authority under 8 CFR 208.6 to allow disclosure of asylum-related information to any element of the U.S. Intelligence Community or any other federal or state agency having a counterterrorism function, provided that the need to examine the information or the request is made in connection with its authorized intelligence or counterterrorism function or functions and that the information received will be used for the authorized purpose for which it was requested. On August 25, 2011, Secretary Napolitano signed an addendum to the 2007 Memorandum. The addendum expands sharing of asylum-related information to include sharing with any local government agency having a counterterrorism function.\n\nIn general, requests for disclosure of asylum-related information shall be made to the DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis Support Branch (IASB) using the DHS Support Request Form. Requests for asylum information must include a detailed justification directly linking the request to an authorized intelligence or counterterrorism function, as IASB is required to validate requests with the offices of Privacy, Intelligence Oversight, and the General Counsel. The request for asylum information must be approved by an individual with supervisory command from the requesting office.\n\nIf the request for disclosure, or pre-emptive disclosure if no request is made, occurs in accordance with the terms and conditions of any applicable standing information-sharing arrangements between DHS and the recipient, disclosure may be made without using the DHS Support Request Form.\n\n#### I I. Q: Can members of the Intelligence Community and agencies with counterterrorism functions that receive asylum-related information further disseminate it?\n\nA: Under certain limited circumstances, an element of the Intelligence Community or other federal, state or local governmental agency having a counterterrorism function that received asylum or refugee-related information may further disseminate that information, but such\n\nfurther disclosure must be authorized by the Secretary, Deputy Secretary or the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis acting in coordination with the Director, USCIS, the Assistant Secretary, ICE or any other DHS official to whom disclosure authority under section 208.6(a) bas been delegated.\n\n#### 12. Q: Are there any other interagency arrangements?\n\nA: Yes. In 2002, the Attorney General authorized the Asylum Division to disclose to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) biographical information on individuals granted asylum to enable ORR to meet congressional reporting requirements and generate statistical reports used to allocate funding for asylee social benefits. In 2001 the Attorney General authorized the Asylum Division to disclose to HHS certain biographical information on asylees to enable ORR and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) to provide emergency relief to qualified asylees.\n\n#### 13. Q: Can asylum-related information be shared with foreign governments or international organizations (such as INTERPOL)?\n\nA: Asylum-related information cannot be shared with foreign governments or international organizations without the written consent of the asylum applicant, except at the discretion of the Secretary of Homeland Security. Secretary Napolitano bas exercised her discretion to permit regular sharing of asylum-related information with Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. Secretary Ridge initially allowed the sharing of asylum-related information with Canada in 2003. The arrangement with Canada is in the form of a *Statement of Mutual Understanding on Information Sharing* (SMU) and an Asylum Annex to the SMU, which together permit Canada's Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and USCIS to exchange asylum-related records on both a case-by-case and systematic basis.\n\nSince the signing of the Asylum Annex to the Statement of Mutual Understanding on Information Sharing between the U.S. and Canada in 2003, USCIS and CIC have engaged in a regular exchange of information on asylum claims on a case-by-case basis. More recently, the USC IS Asylum Division bas worked with US-VISIT on sharing information relating to refugee claimants as defined in the agreement under the Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol (Protocol). Beginning in 2010, the Asylum Division commenced information sharing under the FCC Protocol with Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The Asylum Division commenced information sharing under the FCC Protocol with New Zealand in 2011.\n\n#### 14. Q: Why are there special information-sharing agreements with Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand?\n\nA: Sharing information on asylum seekers was included as an initiative in the agreement signed by former Attorney General Ashcroft and former Canadian Minister of Citizenship and lmmigration Caplan on December 2, 2001. It was also one of the thirty initiatives included in the Ridge-Manley Smart Border Action Plan. In furtherance of this initiative, the\n\nUnited States and Canadian governments entered into a formal arrangement in 2003 that permits USCIS and CIC to systematically share information on individuals seeking asylum in the U.S. or Canada. The subsequent information-sharing agreements with Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand through the Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol (Protocol) further strengthen USCIS's capacity to acquire information relevant to asylum adjudications. By gaining access to this key information, USCIS and the immigration authorities in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand will enhance their abilities to prevent abuse of the asylum process in their respective countries and to make accurate asylum eligibility determinations, thereby strengthening the integrity of each country's asylum system.\n\n### 15. Q: What is the status of the implementation of the information-sharing arrangement with Canada?\n\nA: USCIS and CIC have been sharing information on asylum seekers on a case-by-case basis since 2003. As of2010, the USCIS Asylum Division has also worked with US-VISIT to share asylum-related information with Canada under the Five Country Conference (FCC) High Value Data Sharing Protocol (Protocol). The 2011 Beyond the Border agreement between the United States and Canada includes an action plan for enhanced information sharing between the two countries. USCIS and CIC and their technical specialists are working together to develop a fully automated systematic sharing of information to cover all asylum claimants who are subject to biometric collection requirements by 2014.\n\n### 16. Q: May protected asylum-related information be shared with congressional offices?\n\nA: If the Chairman of a congressional committee with competent jurisdiction submits a written request for protected asylum-related information, the requested information will generally be provided without regard to the regulation. Written requests for asylum-related information by individual Members of Congress or their respective staff members will be considered on a case-by-case basis.\n\n#### 17. Q: What information can be shared with the press when the applicant bas gone public with the asylum claim?\n\nA: Because the regulation currently requires the applicant's written consent, we generally do not recognize implicit waivers of confidentiality, even when the asylum-related information is a matter of public record.\n\n### 18. Q: Does 8 CFR 208.6 apply to refugee information?\n\nA: As a matter of policy, USCIS extends the same protections outlined in 8 CFR 208.6 to refugees.\n\nIf you have any questions regarding these policies, please contact the Asylum Division's Operations Branch Chief at 202.272.1651.","body_zh":"证据 D\n\n资料说明书：保护庇护申请人机密性的联邦法规\n\n概要\n\n《美国联邦法规》第8篇第208.6节（8 CFR 208.6）的联邦法规通常禁止向第三方披露庇护申请、可信恐惧认定以及合理恐惧认定中包含或与之相关的信息——包括RAPS（难民、庇护与假释系统）或APSS（庇护预审系统）1 中包含的信息——但某些有限情形除外。该法规保护的信息若被公开披露，在申请人被遣返的情况下，可能会使其遭受政府当局或非国家行为体的报复措施，或者危及可能仍居住在原籍国的申请人家属的安全。此外，公开披露虽然在极少数情况下2，但可能会通过使本不符合条件的申请人引起其声称虐待该申请人的政府当局或非国家行为体的注意，从而产生本来并不存在的看似合理的保护主张。\n\n根据既定指引，当违反该法规向第三方披露庇护申请中包含或与之相关的信息（包括RAPS或APSS中包含的信息），且该未经授权的披露性质允许第三方将申请人的身份与以下各项联系起来时，即构成违反机密性：(1) 申请人已申请庇护的事实；(2) 庇护申请中包含的与个人庇护主张相关的具体事实或指控；或 (3) 足以合理推断出申请人已申请庇护的事实或指控。同样的原则通常适用于与可信恐惧和合理恐惧认定相关的信息披露，以及庇护申请中包含的根据《Convention Against Torture（禁止酷刑公约）》第3条提出的暂缓递解出境或延缓递解出境申请的信息披露。\n\n在没有庇护申请人书面同意或Secretary of Homeland Security（国土安全部长）3 具体授权的情况下，只能根据与某些行政、执法和民事诉讼相关的知情需要原则，向United States（美国）政府官员或承包商以及美国联邦或州法院进行披露。在某些情况下，已建立机构间安排，以便根据该法规向美国机构妥善披露与庇护相关的信息。未经申请人书面同意，向另一国政府的官员或任何实体披露与庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定相关的信息用于未经\n\n'1 RAPS是用于维护有关通过向USCIS（美国公民及移民服务局）申请该福利而主动寻求庇护的外国人的记录系统。APSS是用于维护有关在根据INA（《移民与国籍法》）第235(b)条进行快速遣返程序或根据INA第238(b)条或INA第241(a)(5)条进行行政遣返程序期间，因遭受迫害或酷刑而表示害怕返回拟遣返国家后，被转介至USCIS庇护官员以进行可信恐惧或合理恐惧筛查认定的外国人的记录系统。2 仅公开披露本身在适用美国庇护法时极少足以确立就地保护主张。\n\n鉴于该披露，申请人必须确立其因受保护的理由之一而具有充分理由的受迫害恐惧。\n\n根据2002年《Homeland Security Act of 2002（国土安全法）》（Pub. L. 107-296，116 Stat. 2135, 2310）第1512(d)条的规定，Attorney General（司法部长）根据8 C.F.R. § 208.6(a)授权披露原Immigration and Naturalization Service（移民与归化局，简称INS）——现由Department of Homeland Security（国土安全部，简称DHS）持有——所持有的机密庇护信息的权力，已移交给DHS部长。\n\n该法规特别授权之目的的披露，需要获得国土安全部长的明确许可。\n\n联邦法规，第8篇\n\n第208.6节 向第三方披露。\n\n(a) 未经申请人书面同意，包含在任何庇护申请中或与之相关的信息、与根据第208.30节进行的任何可信恐惧认定相关的记录、以及与根据第208.31节进行的任何合理恐惧认定相关的记录，均不得披露，但本节允许或经司法部长［现为国土安全部长］酌情决定的除外。\n\n(b) 由［移民与归化］局［现为国土安全部］和Executive Office for Immigration Review（移民审查执行办公室）保存的、表明特定外国人已申请庇护、接受过可信恐惧或合理恐惧面谈、或接受过可信恐惧或合理恐惧审查的其他记录的机密性，也应受到保护而不予披露。该局［现为国土安全部］将与Department of State（国务院）协调，以确保此类记录在传送至国务院驻其他国家的办事处时保持机密性。\n\n(c) 本节不适用于向下列人员或机构的任何披露：\n\n(1) 因以下相关事由而需要查阅信息的任何美国政府官员或承包商：\n\n(i) 庇护申请的裁决；\n\n(ii) 对可信恐惧或合理恐惧面谈请求、或对可信恐惧或合理恐惧审查请求的审议；\n\n(iii) 对因庇护申请的裁决或未能裁决、或因第208.30节或第208.31节下的可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定而引起的任何法律诉讼的辩护；\n\n(iv) 对作为其一部分包含庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定的任何法律诉讼的辩护；或\n\n(v) 美国政府就任何刑事或民事事项进行的任何调查；或\n\n(2) 审理涉及以下情况的任何法律诉讼的美国任何联邦、州或地方法院：\n\n(i) 因庇护申请的裁决或未能裁决、或因第208.30节或第208.31节下的可信恐惧或合理恐惧认定而引起的；或\n\n(ii) 因作为其一部分包含庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定的诉讼程序而引起的。\n\n常见问题解答\n\n1. 问：该法规为何保护与庇护相关的信息不被披露？\n\n答：公开披露与庇护相关的信息可能会在申请人被遣返的情况下使其遭受政府当局或非国家行为体的报复措施，或者危及可能仍居住在原籍国的申请人家属的安全。此外，公开披露虽然在某些有限情况下，但可能会通过使本不符合条件的申请人引起其声称虐待该申请人的政府当局或非国家行为体的注意，从而产生本来并不存在的看似合理的保护主张。由于难民申请人在其信息被披露给\n\n第三方时面临类似的负面后果，作为一项政策，USCIS将8 CFR 208.6中概述的相同保护延伸至难民。\n\n2. 问：在何种具体情况下可以向第三方披露与庇护相关的信息？\n\n答：通常情况下，未经庇护申请人书面同意或国土安全部长的具体授权，不得与第三方共享与庇护相关的信息。然而，根据8 CFR 208.6法规确定的以下有限情形不适用该一般性禁止规定：\n\n(1) 因以下相关事由而需要查阅信息的任何美国政府官员或承包商：\n\n(i) 庇护申请的裁决；\n\n(ii) 对可信恐惧或合理恐惧面谈请求、或对可信恐惧或合理恐惧审查请求的审议；\n\n(iii) 对因庇护申请的裁决或未能裁决、或因第208.30节或第208.31节下的可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定而引起的任何法律诉讼的辩护；\n\n(iv) 对作为其一部分包含庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定的任何法律诉讼的辩护；或\n\n(v) 美国政府就任何刑事或民事事项进行的任何调查；或\n\n(2) 审理涉及以下情况的任何法律诉讼的美国任何联邦、州或地方法院：\n\n(i) 因庇护申请的裁决或未能裁决、或因第208.30节或第208.31节下的可信恐惧或合理恐惧认定而引起的；或\n\n(ii) 因作为其一部分包含庇护申请、可信恐惧认定或合理恐惧认定的诉讼程序而引起的。”\n\n3. 问：可以在何种程度上向Department of Homeland Security（国土安全部，简称DHS）内部的人员披露与庇护相关的信息，例如Immigration and Customs Enforcement（移民及海关执法局，简称ICE）或Customs and Border Protection（海关及边境保护局，简称CBP）人员？\n\n答：可以向ICE和CBP人员披露与庇护相关的信息，因为就8 CFR 208.6而言，他们不被视为“第三方”。受保护的与庇护相关的信息也可以披露给DHS直接政策和法律指挥链内的机构，例如DHS Office of General Counsel（国土安全部总法律顾问办公室）、Office of the Undersecretary for Border and Transportation Security（边境与运输安全副部长办公室，简称BTS）、Office of the Deputy Secretary（副部长办公室）以及Office of the Secretary（部长办公室）。\n\n4. 问：如果各项法规例外均不适用，在不违反机密性的情况下，可以与第三方共享关于庇护申请人的哪些信息（如有）？\n\n答：根据既定指引，当违反该法规向第三方披露庇护申请中包含或与之相关的信息，且该未经授权的披露性质允许第三方将申请人的身份与以下各项联系起来时，即构成违反机密性：(1) 申请人已申请庇护的事实；(2)\n\n庇护申请中包含的与个人庇护主张相关的具体事实或指控；或 (3) 足以合理推断出申请人已申请庇护的事实或指控。同样的原则适用于与可信恐惧和合理恐惧认定相关的信息披露。它们通常也适用于庇护申请中包含的根据《禁止酷刑公约》第3条提出的暂缓递解出境或延缓递解出境申请。\n\n5. 问：根据法规的例外情况，是否可以向州执法机构或其他州机构披露与庇护相关的信息？\n\n答：不能。机密性法规不允许向州机构（包括州执法机构）披露与庇护相关的信息，除非获得庇护申请人的书面同意或国土安全部长的具体授权。但是，第208.6(c)(2)节的法规确实允许在某些情况下向州或地方法院披露。\n\n6. 问：根据该法规，寻求获取与庇护相关的信息且可向其披露该信息的美国政府官员或承包商，如何从United States Citizenship and Immigration Services（美国公民及移民服务局，简称USCIS）获取该信息？\n\n答：除非事先存在机构间安排或协议，否则政府官员或承包商应直接向对该外国人的申请拥有管辖权的相应 USCIS（美国公民及移民服务局）庇护办公室主任索取有关特定外国人的庇护相关信息。关于符合某些特定标准的外国人群体的庇护相关信息的索取请求，必须由请求机构中的相应官员向 USCIS 庇护处处长提出。\n\n7. 问：如果根据该法规向第三方妥善披露了庇护相关信息，第三方在保密方面的义务是什么？\n\n答：作为庇护相关信息的新保管人，第三方接收人受 8 CFR 208.6 规定的保密规章约束。除法规授权外，接收人不得向其他方披露该庇护相关信息。\n\n8. 问：在工作中接触或负责维护美国政府系统中庇护相关信息的美国政府官员或承包商有哪些义务？\n\n答：在工作中接触到庇护相关信息的美国政府官员或承包商受 8 CFR 208.6 规定的保密规章约束。除法规授权外，这些人员不得向第三方披露该庇护相关信息。在向第三方进行经授权的庇护相关信息披露时，这些人员应提醒第三方注意 8 CFR 208.6 的保密要求。\n\n9. 问：非 USCIS 的庇护相关信息保管人根据该法规向另一方披露庇护相关信息之前，是否需要获得 USCIS 的授权？\n\n答：不需要。但是，信息传送方应采取合理措施，确保新的信息接收人知悉本文件中所述的保密规则，以防止新接收人进行未经授权的披露。为此目的，传送方可向新接收人提供本文件的一份副本。\n\n10. 问：情报界成员以及具有反恐职能的机构与 USCIS 之间是否存在关于披露庇护相关信息的机构间安排？\n\n答：2001年10月8日，司法部长根据 8 CFR 208.6 行使自由裁量权，允许 FBI（联邦调查局）查阅向 USCIS 提交的庇护申请，以便收集与未决刑事或民事诉讼无关的外国反情报或国际恐怖主义信息。该安排在2007年4月18日的一份备忘录中被取代，国土安全部部长 Chertoff（切尔托夫）藉此根据 8 CFR 208.6 行使其权力，允许向美国情报界的任何组成部门或具有反恐职能的任何其他联邦或州机构披露庇护相关信息，前提是审查该信息的需求或提出的请求与其经授权的情报或反恐职能相关，且所收到的信息将用于提出请求所针对的经授权目的。2011年8月25日，部长 Napolitano（纳波利塔诺）签署了2007年备忘录的补充附录。该附录将庇护相关信息的共享范围扩大至包括与具有反恐职能的任何地方政府机构共享。\n\n一般而言，披露庇护相关信息的请求应使用 DHS 支持请求表格向 DHS（国土安全部）情报与分析办公室支持处（IASB）提出。庇护信息请求必须包含详细的正当理由，将请求直接与经授权的情报或反恐职能联系起来，因为 IASB 需要向隐私办公室、情报监督办公室和总法律顾问办公室验证请求。庇护信息请求必须由来自请求办公室具有监督指挥权的人员批准。\n\n如果披露请求（或在未提出请求的情况下的主动披露）是根据 DHS 与接收方之间任何适用的长期信息共享安排的条款和条件进行的，则可以在不使用 DHS 支持请求表格的情况下进行披露。\n\n11. 问：接收到庇护相关信息的情报界成员和具有反恐职能的机构能否进一步传播该信息？\n\n答：在某些有限的情况下，接收到庇护或难民相关信息的情报界组成部门或其他具有反恐职能的联邦、州或地方政府机构可以进一步传播该信息，但此类进一步披露必须经由部长、副部长或情报与分析副部长在与 USCIS 局长、ICE（移民及海关执法局）助理部长或根据第 208.6(a) 条被授予披露权力的任何其他 DHS 官员协调下予以授权。\n\n12. 问：是否存在任何其他机构间安排？\n\n答：存在。2002年，司法部长授权庇护处向 HHS（卫生与公众服务部）难民安置办公室（ORR）披露已获庇护个人的基本个人背景信息，以使 ORR 能够满足国会报告要求并生成用于为庇护获得者社会福利分配资金的统计报告。2001年，司法部长授权庇护处向 HHS 披露某些庇护获得者的基本个人背景信息，以使 ORR 和 CDC（疾病控制中心）能够向符合资格的庇护获得者提供紧急救济。\n\n13. 问：能否与外国政府或国际组织（如 INTERPOL（国际刑警组织））共享庇护相关信息？\n\n答：未经庇护申请人书面同意，不得与外国政府或国际组织共享庇护相关信息，除非由国土安全部部长酌情决定。部长 Napolitano 已行使其自由裁量权，允许定期与加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰共享庇护相关信息。部长 Ridge（里奇）最初于2003年允许与加拿大共享庇护相关信息。与加拿大的安排采取《信息共享相互谅解声明》（SMU）及 SMU 庇护附录的形式，两者共同允许加拿大 CIC（加拿大公民及移民部）与 USCIS 在个案和系统性基础上交换庇护相关记录。\n\n自2003年美加签署《信息共享相互谅解声明》庇护附录以来，USCIS 与 CIC 已在个案基础上定期就庇护申请进行信息交换。近期，USCIS 庇护处已与 US-VISIT 合作，根据《五国会议（FCC）高价值数据共享协议》（协议）中所界定的协议共享与难民申请人相关的信息。自2010年起，庇护处开始根据 FCC 协议与加拿大、澳大利亚和英国进行信息共享。庇护处自2011年起开始根据 FCC 协议与新西兰进行信息共享。\n\n14. 问：为什么与加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰存在特别的信息共享协议？\n\n答：在前司法部长 Ashcroft（阿什克罗夫特）与前加拿大公民及移民部长 Caplan（卡普兰）于2001年12月2日签署的协议中，共享庇护寻求者信息被列为一项倡议。这也是《里奇-曼利明智边界行动计划》（Ridge-Manley Smart Border Action Plan）中包含的三十项倡议之一。为推进该倡议，美国和加拿大政府于2003年达成了一项正式安排，允许 USCIS 和 CIC 系统性地共享在美国或加拿大寻求庇护个人的信息。随后通过《五国会议（FCC）高价值数据共享协议》（协议）与加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰达成的后续信息共享协议，进一步增强了 USCIS 获取与庇护裁决相关信息的能力。通过获取这些关键信息，USCIS 以及加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的移民当局将提高其防止各自国家庇护程序被滥用以及作出准确庇护资格认定的能力，从而加强各国庇护制度的完整性与公信力。\n\n15. 问：与加拿大的信息共享安排的执行状况如何？\n\n答：USCIS 和 CIC 自2003年以来一直在个案基础上共享庇护寻求者的信息。截至2010年，USCIS 庇护处还与 US-VISIT 合作，根据《五国会议（FCC）高价值数据共享协议》（协议）与加拿大共享庇护相关信息。美加两国之间的2011年《超越边界》（Beyond the Border）协议包含一项加强两国间信息共享的行动计划。USCIS 和 CIC 及其技术专家正在共同努力，开发一套完全自动化的系统性信息共享机制，以在2014年之前涵盖所有须遵守生物识别采集要求的庇护申请人。\n\n16. 问：受保护的庇护相关信息是否可以与国会议员办公室共享？\n\n答：如果具有管辖权的国会委员会主席提交获取受保护庇护相关信息的书面请求，所请求的信息通常将在不考虑该法规限制的情况下予以提供。个别国会议员或其各自幕僚人员提出的庇护相关信息书面请求将按个案具体考虑。\n\n17. 问：当申请人公开其庇护申请时，可以向媒体共享哪些信息？\n\n答：由于该法规目前要求申请人的书面同意，因此即使庇护相关信息属于公共记录，我们通常也不承认对保密性的默示放弃。\n\n18. 问：8 CFR 208.6 是否适用于难民信息？\n\n答：作为一项政策，USCIS 将 8 CFR 208.6 中规定的同等保护延伸适用于难民。\n\n如果您对这些政策有任何疑问，请致电 202.272.1651 联系庇护处业务科科长。","key_entities":["Je"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3290,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 13:42:44"}