{"id":"court_ctb_1409_13","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":1409,"sub_number":13,"doc_type":"ORDER","filed_date":null,"title":"![](_page_0_Picture_2.jpeg) ![](_page_0_Picture_3.jpeg)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"8\n\n![](_page_0_Picture_2.jpeg)\n\n![](_page_0_Picture_3.jpeg)\n\n# **20. CONVENTION ON THE TAKING OF EVIDENCE ABROAD IN CIVIL OR COMMERCIAL MATTERS<sup>1</sup>**\n\n*(Concluded 18 March 1970)*\n\nThe States signatory to the present Convention,\n\nDesiring to facilitate the transmission and execution of Letters of Request and to further the accommodation of the different methods which they use for this purpose,\n\nDesiring to improve mutual judicial co-operation in civil or commercial matters,\n\nHave resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect and have agreed upon the following provisions –\n\n# CHAPTER I – LETTERS OF REQUEST\n\n# Article 1\n\nIn civil or commercial matters a judicial authority of a Contracting State may, in accordance with the provisions of the law of that State, request the competent authority of another Contracting State, by means of a Letter of Request, to obtain evidence, or to perform some other judicial act.\n\nA Letter shall not be used to obtain evidence which is not intended for use in judicial proceedings, commenced or contemplated.\n\nThe expression \"other judicial act\" does not cover the service of judicial documents or the issuance of any process by which judgments or orders are executed or enforced, or orders for provisional or protective measures.\n\n# Article 2\n\nA Contracting State shall designate a Central Authority which will undertake to receive Letters of Request coming from a judicial authority of another Contracting State and to transmit them to the authority competent to execute them. Each State shall organise the Central Authority in accordance with its own law.\n\nLetters shall be sent to the Central Authority of the State of execution without being transmitted through any other authority of that State.\n\n#### Article 3\n\nA Letter of Request shall specify –\n\n- *a)* the authority requesting its execution and the authority requested to execute it, if known to the requesting authority;\n- *b)* the names and addresses of the parties to the proceedings and their representatives, if any;\n- *c)* the nature of the proceedings for which the evidence is required, giving all necessary information in regard thereto;\n- *d)* the evidence to be obtained or other judicial act to be performed.\n\n<sup>1</sup> This Convention, including related materials, is accessible on the website of the Hague Conference on Private International Law (www.hcch.net), under \"Conventions\" or under the \"Evidence Section\". For the full history of the Convention, see Hague Conference on Private International Law, *Actes et documents de la Onzième session (1968)*, Tome IV, *Obtention des preuves* (219 pp.).\n\nWhere appropriate, the Letter shall specify, *inter alia* –\n\n- *e)* the names and addresses of the persons to be examined;\n- *f)* the questions to be put to the persons to be examined or a statement of the subject-matter about which they are to be examined;\n- *g)* the documents or other property, real or personal, to be inspected;\n- *h)* any requirement that the evidence is to be given on oath or affirmation, and any special form to be used;\n- *i)* any special method or procedure to be followed under Article 9.\n\nA Letter may also mention any information necessary for the application of Article 11. No legalisation or other like formality may be required.\n\n#### Article 4\n\nA Letter of Request shall be in the language of the authority requested to execute it or be accompanied by a translation into that language.\n\nNevertheless, a Contracting State shall accept a Letter in either English or French, or a translation into one of these languages, unless it has made the reservation authorised by Article 33.\n\nA Contracting State which has more than one official language and cannot, for reasons of internal law, accept Letters in one of these languages for the whole of its territory, shall, by declaration, specify the language in which the Letter or translation thereof shall be expressed for execution in the specified parts of its territory. In case of failure to comply with this declaration, without justifiable excuse, the costs of translation into the required language shall be borne by the State of origin.\n\nA Contracting State may, by declaration, specify the language or languages other than those referred to in the preceding paragraphs, in which a Letter may be sent to its Central Authority.\n\nAny translation accompanying a Letter shall be certified as correct, either by a diplomatic officer or consular agent or by a sworn translator or by any other person so authorised in either State.\n\n#### Article 5\n\nIf the Central Authority considers that the request does not comply with the provisions of the present Convention, it shall promptly inform the authority of the State of origin which transmitted the Letter of Request, specifying the objections to the Letter.\n\n# Article 6\n\nIf the authority to whom a Letter of Request has been transmitted is not competent to execute it, the Letter shall be sent forthwith to the authority in the same State which is competent to execute it in accordance with the provisions of its own law.\n\n#### Article 7\n\nThe requesting authority shall, if it so desires, be informed of the time when, and the place where, the proceedings will take place, in order that the parties concerned, and their representatives, if any, may be present. This information shall be sent directly to the parties or their representatives when the authority of the State of origin so requests.\n\n#### Article 8\n\nA Contracting State may declare that members of the judicial personnel of the requesting authority of another Contracting State may be present at the execution of a Letter of Request. Prior authorisation by the competent authority designated by the declaring State may be required.\n\n#### Article 9\n\nThe judicial authority which executes a Letter of Request shall apply its own law as to the methods and procedures to be followed.\n\nHowever, it will follow a request of the requesting authority that a special method or procedure be followed, unless this is incompatible with the internal law of the State of execution or is impossible of performance by reason of its internal practice and procedure or by reason of practical difficulties. A Letter of Request shall be executed expeditiously.\n\n#### Article 10\n\nIn executing a Letter of Request the requested authority shall apply the appropriate measures of compulsion in the instances and to the same extent as are provided by its internal law for the execution of orders issued by the authorities of its own country or of requests made by parties in internal proceedings.\n\n#### Article 11\n\nIn the execution of a Letter of Request the person concerned may refuse to give evidence in so far as he has a privilege or duty to refuse to give the evidence –\n\n- *a)* under the law of the State of execution; or\n- *b)* under the law of the State of origin, and the privilege or duty has been specified in the Letter, or, at the instance of the requested authority, has been otherwise confirmed to that authority by the requesting authority.\n\nA Contracting State may declare that, in addition, it will respect privileges and duties existing under the law of States other than the State of origin and the State of execution, to the extent specified in that declaration.\n\n#### Article 12\n\nThe execution of a Letter of Request may be refused only to the extent that –\n\n- *a)* in the State of execution the execution of the Letter does not fall within the functions of the judiciary; or\n- *b)* the State addressed considers that its sovereignty or security would be prejudiced thereby.\n\nExecution may not be refused solely on the ground that under its internal law the State of execution claims exclusive jurisdiction over the subject-matter of the action or that its internal law would not admit a right of action on it.\n\n#### Article 13\n\nThe documents establishing the execution of the Letter of Request shall be sent by the requested authority to the requesting authority by the same channel which was used by the latter.\n\nIn every instance where the Letter is not executed in whole or in part, the requesting authority shall be informed immediately through the same channel and advised of the reasons.\n\n#### Article 14\n\nThe execution of the Letter of Request shall not give rise to any reimbursement of taxes or costs of any nature.\n\nNevertheless, the State of execution has the right to require the State of origin to reimburse the fees paid to experts and interpreters and the costs occasioned by the use of a special procedure requested by the State of origin under Article 9, paragraph 2.\n\nThe requested authority whose law obliges the parties themselves to secure evidence, and which is not able itself to execute the Letter, may, after having obtained the consent of the requesting authority, appoint a suitable person to do so. When seeking this consent the requested authority shall indicate the approximate costs which would result from this procedure. If the requesting authority gives its consent it shall reimburse any costs incurred; without such consent the requesting authority shall not be liable for the costs.\n\nCHAPTER II – TAKING OF EVIDENCE BY DIPLOMATIC OFFICERS, CONSULAR AGENTS AND COMMISSIONERS\n\n#### Article 15\n\nIn a civil or commercial matter, a diplomatic officer or consular agent of a Contracting State may, in the territory of another Contracting State and within the area where he exercises his functions, take the evidence without compulsion of nationals of a State which he represents in aid of proceedings commenced in the courts of a State which he represents.\n\nA Contracting State may declare that evidence may be taken by a diplomatic officer or consular agent only if permission to that effect is given upon application made by him or on his behalf to the appropriate authority designated by the declaring State.\n\n#### Article 16\n\nA diplomatic officer or consular agent of a Contracting State may, in the territory of another Contracting State and within the area where he exercises his functions, also take the evidence, without compulsion, of nationals of the State in which he exercises his functions or of a third State, in aid of proceedings commenced in the courts of a State which he represents, if –\n\n- *a)* a competent authority designated by the State in which he exercises his functions has given its permission either generally or in the particular case, and\n- *b)* he complies with the conditions which the competent authority has specified in the permission.\n\nA Contracting State may declare that evidence may be taken under this Article without its prior permission.\n\n#### Article 17\n\nIn a civil or commercial matter, a person duly appointed as a commissioner for the purpose may, without compulsion, take evidence in the territory of a Contracting State in aid of proceedings commenced in the courts of another Contracting State if –\n\n- *a)* a competent authority designated by the State where the evidence is to be taken has given its permission either generally or in the particular case; and\n- *b)* he complies with the conditions which the competent authority has specified in the permission.\n\nA Contracting State may declare that evidence may be taken under this Article without its prior permission.\n\n#### Article 18\n\nA Contracting State may declare that a diplomatic officer, consular agent or commissioner authorised to take evidence under Articles 15, 16 or 17, may apply to the competent authority designated by the declaring State for appropriate assistance to obtain the evidence by compulsion. The declaration may contain such conditions as the declaring State may see fit to impose.\n\nIf the authority grants the application it shall apply any measures of compulsion which are appropriate and are prescribed by its law for use in internal proceedings.\n\n#### Article 19\n\nThe competent authority, in giving the permission referred to in Articles 15, 16 or 17, or in granting the application referred to in Article 18, may lay down such conditions as it deems fit, *inter alia*, as to the time and place of the taking of the evidence. Similarly it may require that it be given reasonable advance notice of the time, date and place of the taking of the evidence; in such a case a representative of the authority shall be entitled to be present at the taking of the evidence.\n\n8\n\n# Article 20\n\nIn the taking of evidence under any Article of this Chapter persons concerned may be legally represented.\n\n#### Article 21\n\nWhere a diplomatic officer, consular agent or commissioner is authorised under Articles 15, 16 or 17 to take evidence –\n\n- *a)* he may take all kinds of evidence which are not incompatible with the law of the State where the evidence is taken or contrary to any permission granted pursuant to the above Articles, and shall have power within such limits to administer an oath or take an affirmation;\n- *b)* a request to a person to appear or to give evidence shall, unless the recipient is a national of the State where the action is pending, be drawn up in the language of the place where the evidence is taken or be accompanied by a translation into such language;\n- *c)* the request shall inform the person that he may be legally represented and, in any State that has not filed a declaration under Article 18, shall also inform him that he is not compelled to appear or to give evidence;\n- *d)* the evidence may be taken in the manner provided by the law applicable to the court in which the action is pending provided that such manner is not forbidden by the law of the State where the evidence is taken;\n- *e)* a person requested to give evidence may invoke the privileges and duties to refuse to give the evidence contained in Article 11.\n\n#### Article 22\n\nThe fact that an attempt to take evidence under the procedure laid down in this Chapter has failed, owing to the refusal of a person to give evidence, shall not prevent an application being subsequently made to take the evidence in accordance with Chapter I.\n\n#### CHAPTER III – GENERAL CLAUSES\n\n#### Article 23\n\nA Contracting State may at the time of signature, ratification or accession, declare that it will not execute Letters of Request issued for the purpose of obtaining pre-trial discovery of documents as known in Common Law countries.\n\n#### Article 24\n\nA Contracting State may designate other authorities in addition to the Central Authority and shall determine the extent of their competence. However, Letters of Request may in all cases be sent to the Central Authority.\n\nFederal States shall be free to designate more than one Central Authority.\n\n#### Article 25\n\nA Contracting State which has more than one legal system may designate the authorities of one of such systems, which shall have exclusive competence to execute Letters of Request pursuant to this Convention.\n\n#### Article 26\n\nA Contracting State, if required to do so because of constitutional limitations, may request the reimbursement by the State of origin of fees and costs, in connection with the execution of Letters of Request, for the service of process necessary to compel the appearance of a person to give evidence, the costs of attendance of such persons, and the cost of any transcript of the evidence. Where a State has made a request pursuant to the above paragraph, any other Contracting State may request from that State the reimbursement of similar fees and costs.\n\n# Article 27\n\nThe provisions of the present Convention shall not prevent a Contracting State from –\n\n- *a)* declaring that Letters of Request may be transmitted to its judicial authorities through channels other than those provided for in Article 2;\n- *b)* permitting, by internal law or practice, any act provided for in this Convention to be performed upon less restrictive conditions;\n- *c)* permitting, by internal law or practice, methods of taking evidence other than those provided for in this Convention.\n\n#### Article 28\n\nThe present Convention shall not prevent an agreement between any two or more Contracting States to derogate from –\n\n- *a)* the provisions of Article 2 with respect to methods of transmitting Letters of Request;\n- *b)* the provisions of Article 4 with respect to the languages which may be used;\n- *c)* the provisions of Article 8 with respect to the presence of judicial personnel at the execution of Letters;\n- *d)* the provisions of Article 11 with respect to the privileges and duties of witnesses to refuse to give evidence;\n- *e)* the provisions of Article 13 with respect to the methods of returning executed Letters to the requesting authority;\n- *f)* the provisions of Article 14 with respect to fees and costs;\n- *g)* the provisions of Chapter II.\n\n# Article 29\n\nBetween Parties to the present Convention who are also Parties to one or both of the Conventions on Civil Procedure signed at The Hague on the 17th of July 1905 and the 1st of March 1954, this Convention shall replace Articles 8-16 of the earlier Conventions.\n\n# Article 30\n\nThe present Convention shall not affect the application of Article 23 of the Convention of 1905, or of Article 24 of the Convention of 1954.\n\n#### Article 31\n\nSupplementary Agreements between Parties to the Conventions of 1905 and 1954 shall be considered as equally applicable to the present Convention unless the Parties have otherwise agreed.\n\n#### Article 32\n\nWithout prejudice to the provisions of Articles 29 and 31, the present Convention shall not derogate from conventions containing provisions on the matters covered by this Convention to which the Contracting States are, or shall become Parties.\n\n8\n\n# Article 33\n\nA State may, at the time of signature, ratification or accession exclude, in whole or in part, the application of the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 4 and of Chapter II. No other reservation shall be permitted. Each Contracting State may at any time withdraw a reservation it has made; the reservation shall cease\n\nto have effect on the sixtieth day after notification of the withdrawal. When a State has made a reservation, any other State affected thereby may apply the same rule against the reserving State.\n\n# Article 34\n\nA State may at any time withdraw or modify a declaration.\n\n#### Article 35\n\nA Contracting State shall, at the time of the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession, or at a later date, inform the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands of the designation of authorities, pursuant to Articles 2, 8, 24 and 25.\n\nA Contracting State shall likewise inform the Ministry, where appropriate, of the following –\n\n- *a)* the designation of the authorities to whom notice must be given, whose permission may be required, and whose assistance may be invoked in the taking of evidence by diplomatic officers and consular agents, pursuant to Articles 15, 16 and 18 respectively;\n- *b)* the designation of the authorities whose permission may be required in the taking of evidence by commissioners pursuant to Article 17 and of those who may grant the assistance provided for in Article 18;\n- *c)* declarations pursuant to Articles 4, 8, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23 and 27;\n- *d)* any withdrawal or modification of the above designations and declarations;\n- *e)* the withdrawal of any reservation.\n\n#### Article 36\n\nAny difficulties which may arise between Contracting States in connection with the operation of this Convention shall be settled through diplomatic channels.\n\n#### Article 37\n\nThe present Convention shall be open for signature by the States represented at the Eleventh Session of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.\n\nIt shall be ratified, and the instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.\n\n#### Article 38\n\nThe present Convention shall enter into force on the sixtieth day after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification referred to in the second paragraph of Article 37.\n\nThe Convention shall enter into force for each signatory State which ratifies subsequently on the sixtieth day after the deposit of its instrument of ratification.\n\n#### Article 39\n\nAny State not represented at the Eleventh Session of the Hague Conference on Private International Law which is a Member of this Conference or of the United Nations or of a specialised agency of that Organisation, or a Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may accede to the present Convention after it has entered into force in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 38.\n\nThe instrument of accession shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. The Convention shall enter into force for a State acceding to it on the sixtieth day after the deposit of its instrument of accession.\n\nThe accession will have effect only as regards the relations between the acceding State and such Contracting States as will have declared their acceptance of the accession. Such declaration shall be deposited at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands; this Ministry shall forward, through diplomatic channels, a certified copy to each of the Contracting States.\n\nThe Convention will enter into force as between the acceding State and the State that has declared its acceptance of the accession on the sixtieth day after the deposit of the declaration of acceptance.\n\n#### Article 40\n\nAny State may, at the time of signature, ratification or accession, declare that the present Convention shall extend to all the territories for the international relations of which it is responsible, or to one or more of them. Such a declaration shall take effect on the date of entry into force of the Convention for the State concerned.\n\nAt any time thereafter, such extensions shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.\n\nThe Convention shall enter into force for the territories mentioned in such an extension on the sixtieth day after the notification indicated in the preceding paragraph.\n\n#### Article 41\n\nThe present Convention shall remain in force for five years from the date of its entry into force in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 38, even for States which have ratified it or acceded to it subsequently.\n\nIf there has been no denunciation, it shall be renewed tacitly every five years.\n\nAny denunciation shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands at least six months before the end of the five year period.\n\nIt may be limited to certain of the territories to which the Convention applies.\n\nThe denunciation shall have effect only as regards the State which has notified it. The Convention shall remain in force for the other Contracting States.\n\n#### Article 42\n\nThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands shall give notice to the States referred to in Article 37, and to the States which have acceded in accordance with Article 39, of the following –\n\n- *a)* the signatures and ratifications referred to in Article 37;\n- *b)* the date on which the present Convention enters into force in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 38;\n- *c)* the accessions referred to in Article 39 and the dates on which they take effect;\n- *d)* the extensions referred to in Article 40 and the dates on which they take effect;\n- *e)* the designations, reservations and declarations referred to in Articles 33 and 35;\n- *f)* the denunciations referred to in the third paragraph of Article 41.\n\nIn witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed the present Convention.\n\nDone at The Hague, on the 18th day of March, 1970, in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the Netherlands, and of which a certified copy shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel, to each of the States represented at the Eleventh Session of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.","body_zh":"20. CONVENTION ON THE TAKING OF EVIDENCE ABROAD IN CIVIL OR COMMERCIAL MATTERS（关于从国外调取民事或商事证据的公约）1\n\n（于 1970年3月18日 订立）\n\n本公约签署国，\n\n期盼便利请求书（Letters of Request）的转递与执行，并进一步协调各国为此目的所使用的不同方法，\n\n期盼改善在民事或商事领域的相互司法协助，\n\n决定为此目的订立一项公约，并议定下列条款：\n\n第一章 请求书\n\n第一条\n\n在民事或商事案件中，缔约国的司法机关可根据该国法律的规定，通过请求书的方式，请求另一缔约国的主管机关调取证据，或履行其他司法行为。\n\n请求书不得用于调取不拟用于已经开始或拟议中的司法程序的证据。\n\n“其他司法行为”一词不包括送达司法文书，或签发用于执行或强制执行判决或命令的任何令状，亦不包括临时或保全措施命令。\n\n第二条\n\n缔约国应指定一个中央机关（Central Authority），负责接收来自另一缔约国司法机关的请求书，并将其转递给有权执行该请求书的主管机关。各国应依照本国法律组建该中央机关。\n\n请求书应直接送交执行国的中央机关，无须通过该国的任何其他机关转递。\n\n第三条\n\n请求书应指明：\n\n- a) 请求执行的机关以及被请求执行的机关（若请求机关知晓）；\n- b) 诉讼当事人及其代理人（若有）的姓名/名称与地址；\n- c) 需要调取证据的诉讼性质，并提供与此相关的一切必要信息；\n- d) 拟调取的证据或拟履行的其他司法行为。\n\n1 本公约及相关材料可于 Hague Conference on Private International Law（海牙国际私法会议）官方网站（www.hcch.net）上的“公约”（Conventions）或“证据专区”（Evidence Section）查阅。关于本公约的完整历史，参见 Hague Conference on Private International Law（海牙国际私法会议），《第十一届会议记录与文件》（Actes et documents de la Onzième session，1968年），第IV卷，《调取证据》（Obtention des preuves，219页）。\n\n在适当时，请求书尤其还应指明：\n\n- e) 拟接受讯问人员的姓名与地址；\n- f) 拟向接受讯问人员提出的问题，或拟向其讯问事项的陈述；\n- g) 拟供检查的文件或其他财产（不论动产或不动产）；\n- h) 证据是否须经宣誓或确认后提供，以及应采用的任何特殊格式；\n- i) 根据第九条应遵循的任何特殊方法或程序。\n\n请求书亦可载明适用第十一条所需的任何信息。不得要求办理认证或其他类似手续。\n\n第四条\n\n请求书应使用被请求执行机关的文字，或附具该种文字的译本。\n\n然而，缔约国应接受英文或法文写成的请求书，或附有该两种文字之一的译本，除非该国已做出第三十三条所授权的保留。\n\n拥有多于一种官方语言且由于国内法原因不能在其全部领土范围内接受上述语言之一写成的请求书的缔约国，应通过声明指明在其领土特定部分执行请求书时，该请求书或其译本应使用的语言。若无正当理由而未能遵守此项声明，则翻译成所需语言的费用应由原属国承担。\n\n缔约国可通过声明，指明向前述各款所指语言之外的其他何种语言写成的请求书可送交其中央机关。\n\n随附请求书的任何译本均应经由外交官员或领事官员、宣誓翻译员或任一缔约国依此授权的任何其他人员证明属实。\n\n第五条\n\n中央机关若认为请求不符合本公约的规定，应迅速通知转递请求书的原属国机关，并说明对该请求书的异议。\n\n第六条\n\n受转递请求书的机关若无权执行该请求书，应立即将请求书送交同属一国且依据本国法律规定有权执行的主管机关。\n\n第七条\n\n如请求机关提出要求，应告知其诉讼程序进行的时间和地点，以便有关当事人及其代理人（若有）能够到场。若原属国机关提出要求，该信息应直接发送给各方当事人或其代理人。\n\n第八条\n\n缔约国可声明，另一缔约国请求机关的司法人员成员可在执行请求书时到场。声明国指定的主管机关可要求事先获得其批准。\n\n第九条\n\n执行请求书的司法机关在应遵循的方法和程序方面，应适用其本国法律。\n\n然而，该司法机关应遵从请求机关关于遵循特殊方法或程序的要求，除非该方法或程序与执行国的国内法相抵触，或者由于其国内惯例和程序或由于实际困难而无法履行。请求书应从速执行。\n\n第十条\n\n在执行请求书时，被请求机关应在与依其国内法为执行本国主管机关发出的命令或国内诉讼中当事人所提请求相同的情形及限度内，采取适当的强制措施。\n\n第十一条\n\n在执行请求书时，有关人员在享有拒绝作证的特权或义务的范围内，可以拒绝作证：\n\n- a) 依据执行国法律；或\n- b) 依据原属国法律，且该特权或义务已在请求书中载明，或在被请求机关要求下已由请求机关向该机关以其他方式予以确认。\n\n缔约国可声明，除原属国和执行国之外，它还将在该声明指明的范围内，尊重存在于其他国家法律之下的特权和义务。\n\n第十二条\n\n仅在下列情形下，方可拒绝执行请求书：\n\n- a) 在执行国内，执行该请求书不属于司法机关的职能范围；或\n- b) 被请求国认为其主权或安全将因此受到损害。\n\n不得仅因执行国国内法主张对诉讼标的具有专属管辖权，或其国内法不承认对此类事项具有诉权，而拒绝执行。\n\n第十三条\n\n证明请求书已获执行的文件，应由被请求机关通过请求机关原先使用的相同途径送交请求机关。\n\n在请求书未予执行或仅部分执行的每一种情形下，应立即通过相同途径通知请求机关并说明理由。\n\n第十四条\n\n执行请求书不得导致对任何性质的税金或费用的补偿要求。\n\n然而，执行国有权要求原属国补偿支付给专家和翻译员的报酬，以及因原属国根据第九条第二款要求适用特殊程序所产生的费用。\n\n若被请求机关的法律要求当事人自行收集证据，且该机关自身无法执行请求书，则在取得请求机关同意后，可指派合适人员代为执行。在征求该项同意时，被请求机关应说明该程序将产生的大致费用。若请求机关表示同意，则应偿付所发生的任何费用；未经该等同意，请求机关不承担该费用责任。\n\n第二章 外交官员、领事官员和专员调取证据\n\n第十五条\n\n在民事或商事案件中，缔约国的外交官员或领事官员可在另一缔约国领土内且在其行使职权的区域内，在不采取强制措施的情况下，调取其所代表国家国民的证据，以协助在其所代表国家的法院中已开始的诉讼程序。\n\n缔约国可声明，外交官员或领事官员仅在其本人或其代表向声明国指定的适当主管机关提出申请并获得许可后，方可调取证据。\n\n第十六条\n\n缔约国的外交官员或领事官员亦可在另一缔约国领土内且在其行使职权的区域内，在不采取强制措施的情况下，调取其行使职权所在国国民或第三国国民的证据，以协助在其所代表国家的法院中已开始的诉讼程序，前提是：\n\n- a) 其行使职权所在国指定的主管机关已概括性地或针对具体案件给予许可，且\n- b) 其遵守主管机关在许可中所规定的条件。\n\n缔约国可声明，根据本条调取证据无须事先获得其许可。\n\n第十七条\n\n在民事或商事案件中，为此目的被正式任命为专员（commissioner）的人员，可在不采取强制措施的情况下，在缔约国领土内调取证据，以协助在另一缔约国法院中已开始的诉讼程序，前提是：\n\n- a) 拟调取证据所在国指定的主管机关已概括性地或针对具体案件给予许可；且\n- b) 其遵守主管机关在许可中所规定的条件。\n\n缔约国可声明，根据本条调取证据无须事先获得其许可。\n\n第十八条\n\n缔约国可声明，获准根据第十五条、第十六条或第十七条调取证据的外交官员、领事官员或专员，可向声明国指定的主管机关申请适当协助，以通过强制措施调取证据。该声明可包含声明国认为适宜施加的条件。\n\n主管机关若批准该申请，应适用其法律规定用于国内诉讼的任何适当强制措施。\n\n第十九条\n\n主管机关在给予第 15 条、第 16 条或第 17 条所述的许可时，或在批准第 18 条所述的申请时，可规定其认为合适的条件，特别是关于调取证据的时间和地点。同样，该机关可要求就调取证据的时间、日期和地点向其发出合理的提前通知；在此种情况下，该机关的代表有权在调取证据时在场。\n\n第 20 条\n\n在依据本章任何条款调取证据时，有关人员可由法律代表代理。\n\n第 21 条\n\n当外交官员、领事官员或受托人根据第 15 条、第 16 条或第 17 条获准调取证据时——\n\n- a) 其可调取与取证地国法律不相抵触且不违反根据上述条款所给予的任何许可的各种证据，并有权在上述限度内主持宣誓或接受确认保证；\n- b) 要求某人出庭或作证的通知，除非受送达人是诉讼系属国国民，否则应使用取证地语言制作，或附有该种语言的译文；\n- c) 该通知应告知该人可由法律代表代理，并且在任何未根据第 18 条作出声明的国家，还应告知其并无出庭或作证的强制义务；\n- d) 证据可按照诉讼系属法院适用的法律所规定的方式调取，只要该方式不为取证地国法律所禁止；\n- e) 被要求作证的人可援引第 11 条所包含的拒绝作证的特权和义务。\n\n第 22 条\n\n依据本章规定的程序调取证据的尝试因某人拒绝作证而失败的事实，不妨碍随后根据第一章提出调取该证据的申请。\n\n第三章 – 一般条款\n\n第 23 条\n\n缔约国可在签署、批准或加入时声明，对于 Common Law（普通法）国家所知的为获取审前文件披露目的而发出的 Letters of Request（调取证据请求书），其将不予执行。\n\n第 24 条\n\n缔约国除指定中央机关外，还可指定其他机关，并应确定其职权范围。但是，调取证据请求书在任何情况下均可寄送至中央机关。\n\n联邦制国家可自由指定一个以上的中央机关。\n\n第 25 条\n\n拥有一个以上法律制度的缔约国，可指定其中一个制度的机关，该机关应具有根据本公约执行调取证据请求书的专属管辖权。\n\n第 26 条\n\n缔约国如果由于宪法限制而被要求这样做，可要求请求国偿还因执行调取证据请求书而产生的、为强迫某人出庭作证所必需的司法文书送达费用、该等人员的出庭费用以及任何证据笔录的费用。凡一国根据上述款项提出请求的，任何其他缔约国均可要求该国偿还同类费用。\n\n第 27 条\n\n本公约的规定不妨碍缔约国——\n\n- a) 声明调取证据请求书可通过第 2 条规定以外的其他途径转交其司法机关；\n- b) 通过国内法或实践，允许在限制较少的条件下实施本公约规定的任何行为；\n- c) 通过国内法或实践，允许采用本公约规定以外的其他调取证据的方法。\n\n第 28 条\n\n本公约不妨碍任何两个或两个以上缔约国达成协议，以背离——\n\n- a) 第 2 条关于调取证据请求书转交方法的规定；\n- b) 第 4 条关于可使用语言的规定；\n- c) 第 8 条关于执行请求书时司法人员在场的规定；\n- d) 第 11 条关于证人拒绝作证的特权和义务的规定；\n- e) 第 13 条关于将执行完毕的请求书退回请求机关的方法的规定；\n- f) 第 14 条关于费用的规定；\n- g) 第二章的规定。\n\n第 29 条\n\n在同为 1905 年 7 月 17 日和 1954 年 3 月 1 日在 The Hague（海牙）签署的一项或两项民事诉讼程序公约缔约方的本公约当事国之间，本公约应取代早先公约的第 8 条至第 16 条。\n\n第 30 条\n\n本公约不影响 1905 年公约第 23 条或 1954 年公约第 24 条的适用。\n\n第 31 条\n\n1905 年和 1954 年公约当事国之间的补充协定应被视为同样适用于本公约，除非当事国另有约定。\n\n第 32 条\n\n在不影响第 29 条和第 31 条规定的原则下，本公约不背离缔约国已经加入或将要加入的、载有关于本公约所涵盖事项的规定的各项公约。\n\n第 33 条\n\n一国可在签署、批准或加入时，全部或部分排除第 4 条第 2 款和第二章规定的适用。不允许作出任何其他保留。各缔约国可随时撤回其作出的保留；该保留应自撤回通知发出后第六十日起停止生效。当一国作出保留时，受其影响的任何其他国家可对该保留国适用同样的规则。\n\n第 34 条\n\n一国可随时撤回或修改声明。\n\n第 35 条\n\n缔约国应在交存其批准书或加入书时，或在以后的日期，将根据第 2 条、第 8 条、第 24 条和第 25 条指定机关的情况通知 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands（荷兰外交部）。\n\n缔约国还应在适当时将下列事项通知该部——\n\n- a) 根据第 15 条、第 16 条和第 18 条，外交官员和领事官员调取证据时必须通知的机关、可能需要其许可的机关以及可请求其协助的机关的指定；\n- b) 根据第 17 条由受托人调取证据时可能需要其许可的机关，以及可提供第 18 条所规定的协助的机关的指定；\n- c) 根据第 4 条、第 8 条、第 11 条、第 15 条、第 16 条、第 17 条、第 18 条、第 23 条和第 27 条作出的声明；\n- d) 对上述指定和声明的任何撤回或修改；\n- e) 对任何保留的撤回。\n\n第 36 条\n\n缔约国之间因本公约的运作可能产生的任何困难，均应通过外交途径解决。\n\n第 37 条\n\n本公约应向出席 Hague Conference on Private International Law（海牙国际私法会议）第十一届会议的国家开放供签署。\n\n公约应予批准，批准书应交存荷兰外交部。\n\n第 38 条\n\n本公约应自第 37 条第二款所述的第三份批准书交存之日起第六十天生效。\n\n对于随后批准的每个签署国，本公约应自其批准书交存之日起第六十天生效。\n\n第 39 条\n\n任何未出席海牙国际私法会议第十一届会议，但属于该会议成员国、United Nations（联合国）成员国或其专门机构成员国、或 International Court of Justice（国际法院）规约当事国的国家，可在本公约根据第 38 条第一款生效后加入本公约。\n\n加入书应交存荷兰外交部。本公约对于加入国应自其加入书交存之日起第六十天生效。\n\n加入仅在加入国与已声明接受该加入的缔约国之间的关系中发生效力。该声明应交存荷兰外交部；该部应通过外交途径将经核证的副本转交各缔约国。\n\n本公约应自接受加入的声明交存之日起第六十天在加入国与声明接受该加入的国家之间生效。\n\n第 40 条\n\n任何国家均可在签署、批准或加入时声明，本公约应扩大适用于由其负责国际关系的所有领土，或其中的一个或多个领土。该声明应自公约对有关国家生效之日起生效。\n\n此后任何时候，此种扩大适用均应通知荷兰外交部。\n\n本公约应自前款指明的通知发出后第六十天起对该扩大适用中所述的领土生效。\n\n第 41 条\n\n自本公约根据第 38 条第一款生效之日起，本公约应持续有效五年，即使对于随后批准或加入本公约的国家亦同。\n\n在没有退约的情况下，公约应每五年默示展期一次。\n\n任何退约均应在五年期满前至少六个月通知荷兰外交部。\n\n退约可仅限于本公约适用的某些领土。\n\n退约仅对已发出通知的国家发生效力。本公约对于其他缔约国应继续有效。\n\n第 42 条\n\n荷兰外交部应将下列事项通知第 37 条所述的国家以及根据第 39 条加入的国家——\n\n- a) 第 37 条所述的签署和批准；\n- b) 本公约根据第 38 条第一款生效的日期；\n- c) 第 39 条所述的加入及其生效日期；\n- d) 第 40 条所述的扩大适用及其生效日期；\n- e) 第 33 条和第 35 条所述的指定、保留和声明；\n- f) 第 41 条第三款所述的退约。\n\n为此，下列签署人经正式授权，签署了本公约。\n\n1970 年 3 月 18 日订于海牙，用英文和法文写成，两种文本具有同等效力，正本一份，应交存 Government of the Netherlands（荷兰政府）档案馆，其经核证的副本应通过外交途径送交出席海牙国际私法会议第十一届会议的每个国家。","key_entities":["Je"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3999,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 13:48:37"}