{"id":"court_ctb_2599_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2599,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-09","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
:
:
: |\n| | :
February 9, 2024
: |\n| MERCANTILE BANK
INTERNATIONAL CORP., | :
: |\n| Defendant. | :
x |\n\n# ----------------------------------------------------------- **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Mercantile Bank International Corp. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, G Club International Limited (\"GClub International\") and G Fashion International Limited (\"GFashion\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$1,329,993.94 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n2\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a licensed United States based bank, organized as an international financial entity under the laws of Puerto Rico, with an address at 1413 Ponce de Leon, 4th Floor Suite 11, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00909.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the abovecaptioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including GClub International and GFashion.\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. GClub International and GFashion are among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GClub International and GFashion, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GClub International and GFashion were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GClub International and GFashion, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including GClub International and GFashion, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GClub International and GFashion, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GClub International and GFashion.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n5\n\n## **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate was transferred, via shell companies including GClub International and GFashion or otherwise, to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant, including through the Debtor's alterego shell companies, GClub International and GFashion.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,329,993.94 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 9, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2599 Filed 02/09/24 Entered 02/09/24 15:17:32 Page 12 of 12\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址和电话号码） 律师\n（如知悉）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，将主要诉因编号为 1，第一备选诉因编号为 2，第二备选诉因编号为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免除性（续）\n□\n61-可免除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可免除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-可免除性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除\n□\n41-对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免除性\n□\n66-可免除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免除性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续下栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送的债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法的实体问题，请勾选 □ 如本案主张根据 FRCP 23 构成集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件正在审理的地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序正在审理的地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交会在破产法院管辖下设立一个“破产财产”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围如此广泛且法院的管辖权如此宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。也可能会发生有关债务人债务免除的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交流程的一部分予以采集。）填妥后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n该封面页及其中所载信息，不取代或补充法律、破产规则或法院地方法则所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页基本不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告没有律师代理，则由原告填写）。每一份提交的起诉状均必须向书记官另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确按照起诉状中所载的方式填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如知悉，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最恰当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最恰当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美利坚合众国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n：\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉 x\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\n2024年2月9日\n\nMERCANTILE BANK\nINTERNATIONAL CORP.（美商国际银行公司）， ：\n\n被告。 ：\nx\n----------------------------------------------------------- 第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条寻求撤销并追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（以下简称“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人是 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及诸多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever Holdings 有限责任公司）（税务识别号后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever Holdings 公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 遗产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（以下简称“起诉状”），针对被告 Mercantile Bank International Corp.（以下简称“被告”）提出如下陈述：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始后、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（以下简称“破产法典”）授权而转让的债务人破产财产。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 G Club International Limited（GClub International）和 G Fashion International Limited（GFashion），于申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$1,329,993.94 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条，该等转让可被撤销并追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a)，本对抗程序已移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n当事人\n\n7. 根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令 [Case No. 22-50073（以下简称“主案”）Docket No. 523]，受托人为第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人。\n\n8. 被告是一家获许可、总部位于美国的银行，根据波多黎各法律组建为国际金融实体，地址为 1413 Ponce de Leon, 4th Floor Suite 11, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00909。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（以下简称“破产法院”）自愿提交了根据《破产法典》第 11 编第 11 章寻求救济的申请（以下简称“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所列第 11 章案件（以下简称“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中任命了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 GClub International 和 GFashion）持有和转让的财产。\n\n2 资产及负债清单，第 1 页（主案，Docket No. 78）。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案 Docket No. 523]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. GClub International 和 GFashion 是债务人用以欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。3 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、花费和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，除其他事项外，旨在确认债务人的空壳公司为其另我，和/或确认该等公司及其资产由债务人享有衡平所有权；在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n3 受托人已提起或将立即针对 GClub International 和 GFashion 提起一项对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，认定 GClub International 和 GFashion 为债务人的另我。受托人通过援引将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状纳入本文。\n\n4 该等对抗程序包括： (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另我实体，包括 GClub International（GClub国际）和 GFashion（G时尚），用作个人的小金库，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐藏于该等另我实体中以规避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。该等另我实体的财产，包括 GClub International 和 GFashion，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳公司把戏及欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 GClub International 和 GFashion，均成为债务人第 11 章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》项下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GClub International 和 GFashion。\n\n19. 该等申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告作出的转让\n\n20. 申请日后，债务人第 11 章破产财产的财产，通过包括 GClub International 和 GFashion 在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，转让给被告（统称为“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告为该等转让的最初受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n23. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 22 段所载指控，如同在此完整载明。\n\n24. 该等转让系向被告作出，包括通过债务人的另我空壳公司 GClub International 和 GFashion 作出。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于申请日后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第 11 章破产财产之财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第 549(a) 条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让，或其价值，并加计截至支付之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$1,329,993.94 的该等转让根据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人判给自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院认为在具体情形下公正、适当或合乎衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 9, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\n第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙泰斯律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人的代理律师\n\n案号 22-50073 文档 2599 于 02/09/24 提交 于 02/09/24 15:17:32 录入 第 12 页，共 12 页\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","RICO","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2616,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-09 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-09","updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:28:03"}