{"id":"court_ctb_2619_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2619,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| WARROOM BROADCASTING & MEDIA
COMMUNICATIONS, LLC, | :
:
:
: | February 9, 2024 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Defendant.
:
x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Warroom Broadcasting & Media Communications, LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies, Inc. (\"HCHK Technologies\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$270,000.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York corporation with an address and place of business at 225-43 111th Avenue, Queens Village, NY 11429.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDebtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including, HCHK Technologies.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. HCHK Technologies is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell\n\n4 Default has entered against HCHK Technologies in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK Technologies is the alter ego of the Debtor. A motion to set aside the default is currently pending. (Docket no. 172). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\ncompanies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor,7 led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n26. The Prepetition Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n27. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n28. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **E. Investigation and Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n30. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell company, HCHK Technologies, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n31. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n32. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-31 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n33. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter ego, HCHK Technologies, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n34. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n35. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n36. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-31 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n37. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter ego, HCHK\n\nTechnologies, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n38. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n39. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n40. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-31 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n41. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n42. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n43. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n44. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n45. The Prepetition Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n46. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-31 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n47. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n48. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n49. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n50. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n51. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$270,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$270,000.00 are avoided pursuant to Section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$270,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, an order declaring that (a) the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$270,000.00 are avoided pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the\n\nDefendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n6. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 9, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗性程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗性程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（从主诉因为 1、第一个备选诉因为 2、第二个备选诉因为 3，依此类推，最多编号五（5）项）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追索金钱/财产\n□\n11-追索金钱/财产 - §542 财产移交\n□\n12-追索金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追索金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追索金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共有人的财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后顺位\n□\n81-债权或权益的劣后顺位\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人身份下的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及实质性州法争议，请勾选 □ 如主张本案属于 FRCP 23 规定的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗性程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分庭办事处 法官姓名\n相关对抗性程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗性\n程序编号\n对抗性程序审理地区 分庭办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交形成由破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，其包括债务人的所有财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围极广且法院管辖权极为宽泛，可能会就财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。该等诉讼如在破产法院提起，称为对抗性程序。\n\n提交对抗性程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗性程序封面页》，但该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）电子提交对抗性程序的除外。（CM/ECF 在提交程序中会获取表格 1040 中的信息。）完成后，封面页概述对抗性程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗性程序，并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、破产规则或地方法院规则所要求提交及送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每提交一份起诉状，均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写原告和被告在起诉状中所列的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的一项，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的一项。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分庭\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， :\n: 案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （共同管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第 11 章\n受托人，\n诉 x\n\n原告，\n:\n: 对抗性程序编号：[ ]\nWARROOM BROADCASTING & MEDIA\nCOMMUNICATIONS, LLC， :\n:\n:\n: February 9, 2024\n\n被告。\n:\nx\n第 11 章受托人起诉状：根据《破产法典》第 544、548 及 550 条以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条，请求撤销并追偿欺诈性转让及相关救济\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（下称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（下称“第 11 章案件”）中获指定的第 11 章受托人（下称“受托人”）的身份，提起本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅用于通知和通信目的）。\n\n对抗性起诉状（下称“起诉状”），针对被告 Warroom Broadcasting & Media Communications, LLC（下称“被告”）提出如下陈述：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人根据《美国法典》第 11 编（下称“破产法典”）提起本对抗性程序，以撤销并追偿本第 11 章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（“HCHK Technologies”），在申请日（定义如下）之前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $270,000.00 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分予以实施，且作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。或者，该等转让构成推定欺诈性转让，因为作出该等转让时债务人已无清偿能力，且债务人未就此获得合理等值的对价。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗性程序享有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗性程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 544、548 及 550 条，以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条2，或任何其他适用的州法等同规定。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人是第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，系根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定获任命[案件编号 22-50073（下称“主案件”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约公司，其地址及营业地点为 225-43 111th Avenue, Queens Village, NY 11429。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（下称“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第 11 章请求救济的申请（下称“申请日”），从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产清单称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露通过其众多另我空壳公司持有和/或转让的债务人财产，其中包括 HCHK Technologies。\n\n2 此后，所有对《纽约债务人与债权人法》的法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 和 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278 请求救济。\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第 1 页[主案件案卷编号 78]。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，本院作出决定备忘录和裁定[主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该裁定，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，本院作出裁定，批准任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任第 11 章案件的受托人[主案件案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗性程序\n\n13. HCHK Technologies 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。4 多年来，债务人一直策划“空壳把戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人得以使用和支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗性程序，以便除其他事项外确认债务人的空壳\n\n4 在对抗性程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（对抗性程序编号 23-5013（下称“HCHK Entities A.P.”），案卷编号 139）中，已对 HCHK Technologies 作出缺席裁定；该对抗性程序除其他事项外，请求确认判决，确认 HCHK Technologies 是债务人的另我。目前，一项撤销缺席裁定的动议尚在审理中。（案卷编号 172）。受托人将其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的受托人起诉状（对抗性程序编号 23-5023，案卷编号 1）通过引用并入本文。\n\n公司系其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；且在若干案件中，破产法院已授予该等救济。5\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买，和/或无对价转移给及在空壳实体之间转移的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人在对抗程序中处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（十年王牌有限公司）（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（晨邦有限公司））的受益所有人，并且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。6\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他声称独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制，7 由债务人领导，8 和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业工具”。9\n\n5 这些包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（郭梅） [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n6 关于准许动议、认定债务人藐视公司治理命令的裁定，¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\")。\n\n18. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方盈利有限公司）——一家最初由债务人的一名厨师所有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——“本质上是”债务人的一家空壳公司。10\n\n19. 债务人竭尽全力阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金有限合伙企业）（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“New York Court”）起诉债务人，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX Case”），请求就应付款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约州法院取得针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX Judgment”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称该游艇由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓为债务人的儿子以信托形式持有。债务人在判决后程序中拒不遵守纽约州法院命令，最终导致债务人被处以 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 经更正的、部分准许初步禁令动议的裁决备忘录，¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及关联实体‘GTV’”))。\n\n8 同上，第 ¶ 7（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（吹哨人运动）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员在个人层面对债务人忠诚。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021)。\n\n20. 债务人还将其另我实体，包括 HCHK Technologies（HCHK技术公司），用作个人钱袋，在将资产藏匿于该等另我实体以躲避债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿的同时，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢靡生活提供资金。债务人通过该等另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n21. 债务人曾在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿还其债务，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅在财产清单中列报 \\$3,850 的资产。12\n\n22. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，并在等待就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控受审期间持续被羁押。\n\n23. 美国政府在对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的超过约500个账户，对超过 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱”。13\n\n24. 债务人另我实体的财产，包括 HCHK Technologies 的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 关于债务人提出的临时及最终 DIP 命令动议的听证会：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资，及 (II) 安排临时及最终听证会，及 (III) 给予相关救济 (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 See n.3\n\n13 See Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang（王燕平）'s Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934)。\n\n25. 在与本案相关的所有期间，债务人在 New York, New York 从事商业活动，包括指挥本起诉状所涉的申请日前转让。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n26. 本起诉状所涉的申请日前转让均系通过债务人的另我空壳公司作出，该等公司作为债务人空壳游戏的一部分运营，因而作出该等转让时具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图。\n\n27. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元的资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却大肆支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员和亲密同事的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n28. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。因该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n29. 债务人知悉并意图通过以该方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会有足够的剩余资产可供偿还其债权人——包括其欺诈行为的众多受害人。因此，该等转让必然是以阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图作出的。\n\nE. 调查及向被告作出的转让\n\n30. 在申请日之前，债务人使用其另我空壳公司 HCHK Technologies，或以其他方式，向被告转让债务人的财产（合称“申请日前转让”），包括但不限于以下各项：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n31. 被告是申请日前转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n32. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至31段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n33. 债务人通过其另我实体 HCHK Technologies 作出申请日前转让时，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n34. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其由以下事实表明：\n\na. 申请日前转让系利用一家另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请日前转让向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属协助下，作为债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请日前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请日前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在申请日前转让时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX Case 中对债务人提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在申请日前转让时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n35. 申请日前转让可由受托人根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(i)(A) 撤销，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n36. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至31段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n37. 债务人通过其另我实体 HCHK Technologies 作出申请日前转让时，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n38. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其由以下事实表明：\n\na. 申请日前转让系利用一家另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请日前转让向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属协助下，作为债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请日前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请日前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在申请日前转让时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX Case 中对债务人提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在申请日前转让时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n39. 申请日前转让可由受托人根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code 撤销，并可根据 section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code 追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a) 撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n40. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至31段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n41. 债务人就申请日前转让获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n42. 在申请日前转让时，债务人已无力偿债，或因申请日前转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n43. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或者即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产均构成不合理地过少的资本。\n\n44. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人意图承担或者相信其将承担在该等债务到期时超出其偿还能力的债务。\n\n45. 破产申请前转让构成欺诈性转让，受托人可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(B) 撤销该等转让，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回该等转让。\n\n第四项诉请\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 and 276 以及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 请求撤销和追回推定欺诈性转让）\n\n46. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至31段所载的指控，犹如在本文中完整列明。\n\n47. 债务人未就破产申请前转让取得合理等值的对价。\n\n48. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人已无力偿债，或者债务人因破产申请前转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n49. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或者即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产均构成不合理地过少的资本。\n\n50. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人意图承担，或者相信或理应相信其将承担在该等债务到期时超出其偿还能力的债务。\n\n51. 受托人可根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 and 276 以及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 撤销破产申请前转让，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回该等转让。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项诉请，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 $270,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A) 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或者由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项诉请，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 $270,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据 Bankruptcy Code Section 544(b) 以及 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1)、274, and 276 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 和 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或者由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项诉请，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 $270,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(B) 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或者由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项诉请，作出命令，宣告：(a) 金额不低于 $270,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 and 276 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 和 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或者由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按法定最高利率向受托人裁定判决前利息；以及\n\n6. 法院可视具体情况认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：February 9, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey_____\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附表A\n密封提交","key_entities":["HCHK","Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4630,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:28:12"}