{"id":"court_ctb_2641_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2641,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
1
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [
] |\n| | :
: | February
10, 2024 |\n| JANCO SRL, | :
: | |\n| | Defendant.
: | x |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Janco SRL (the \"Defendant\"), stating as\n\nfollows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY Inc. (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$355,143.59 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is an entity in Italy with an address located at Viale dell'Industria, 10, Corinaldo, 60013, Italy.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GFNY.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. GFNY is one of the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GFNY, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GFNY, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GFNY was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\non their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GFNY, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including GFNY, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of\n\nthe Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$355,143.59 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 10, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|-------------------------------|-----------|--------------------|\n| 1 | GFNY Inc | 3/9/2022 | \\$
(21,723.23) |\n| 2 | GFNY Inc | 5/11/2022 | (183,283.69) |\n| 3 | GFNY Inc | 6/10/2022 | (19,918.21) |\n| 4 | GFNY Inc | 7/20/2022 | (81,477.61) |\n| 5 | GFNY Inc | 9/9/2022 | (19,060.99) |\n| 6 | GFNY Inc | 10/6/2022 | (29,679.86) |\n| | Total - Payments to Janco SRL | | \\$
(355,143.59) |\n\n#### **SCHEDULE A**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明）　对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告　被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）　律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人　当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉讼原因\n（简要陈述诉讼原因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多勾选五（5）项，从主要诉讼原因作为第1项、第一备选诉讼原因作为第2项、第二备选诉讼原因作为第3项，依此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产追回\n□\n11-金钱/财产追回 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-金钱/财产追回 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-金钱/财产追回 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-金钱/财产追回 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围　FRBP 7001(6) – 可免除性（续）\n□\n61-可免除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68-可免除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\n□\n65-可免除性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)　FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免债提出异议/撤销免债\n□\n41-对免债提出异议/撤销免债 - §727(c),(d),(e)　FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认　FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉判决\n□\n91-确认之诉判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免除性\n□\n66-可免除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权\n□\n62-可免除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免除性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏）　FRBP 7001(10) 对移送案件的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体争议问题，请勾选　□ 如主张本案为依据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状请求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济　请求金额 $\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名　破产案件编号\n案件审理所在地区　法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告　被告　对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理所在地区　分部办公室　法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期　律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财产”，该财产包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。也可能存在有关债务人免债的诉讼。如在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交Form 1040《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交过程中采集Form 1040上的信息。）填妥后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交及送达的诉状或其他文书。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列原告及被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名及地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部）\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------　x\n\n关于：　:\n:　第11章\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人，　:\n\n:　案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n:　（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉　:\n:\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n:\n:　x\n对抗程序编号：[\n]\n\n:　2024年\n2月10日\nJANCO SRL（Janco有限责任公司），　:\n\n被告。\n:　x\n\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549及550条请求撤销及追回申请提交后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins以其获任命担任Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告Janco SRL（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo及Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财产的受托人（仅用于通知及通信目的）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销及追回债务人在本第11章案件启动后实施、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另一个自我空壳公司GFNY Inc.（“GFNY”），于申请提交日（定义见下文）后向作为初始受让人的被告转让了$355,143.59的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等申请提交后破产财产转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故可依据《破产法典》第549及550条予以撤销及追回。\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本院依据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人依据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的裁定，在第11章案件中担任第11章受托人[Case No. 22-50073（“主案”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是在意大利设立的实体，其地址位于Viale dell'Industria, 10, Corinaldo, 60013, Italy。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交依据《破产法典》《美国法典》第11编第11章寻求救济的申请（“申请提交日”），从而启动上述标题所示第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有$3,850资产，并已产生数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另一个自我空壳公司（包括GFNY）持有及转让的财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。依该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins担任第11章案件的受托人[主案Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 财产和负债清单，第1页（主案，Docket No. 78）。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. GFNY是债务人用于欺诈其债权人的众多另一个自我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员及下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出及转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外确认债务人的空壳公司是其另一个自我，及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上由债务人所有；而在若干案件中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n15. 该等诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲及/或下属持有的债务人控制空壳公司，(ii) 以来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购得及/或无对价转让给或在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及(iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权及支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另一个自我（包括GFNY）用作个人钱袋，为其及其家人已习惯的奢侈生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于该等另一个自我中以躲避其债权人，并阻碍及拖延债权人的追偿\n\n3 受托人已提起或即将对GFNY提起对抗程序，该对抗程序除其他事项外请求作出确认之诉判决，确认GFNY是债务人的另一个自我。受托人通过援引方式将受托人在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状并入本文。\n\n4 这些对抗性诉讼程序包括以下案件：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林威治土地有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n就其债权而言。债务人通过这些分身实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些分身实体的财产，包括 GFNY，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的障眼法及欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其分身实体持有的所有财产，包括 GFNY，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》承担的义务，继续通过包括但不限于 GFNY 在内的众多作为分身实体的空壳公司实施转让。\n\n19. 这些申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未根据《破产法》获得授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人通过包括 GFNY 在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n21. 在转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第549条和第550(a)条撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让之请求）\n\n23. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至22段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n24. 该等转让系由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其作为分身实体的空壳公司 GFNY 作出。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该等转让可被撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并追回截至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 一项命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $355,143.59 的该等转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决作出之日止，按法定最高利率向受托人裁定判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 10, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka（ct00616）\nPatrick R. Linsey（ct29437）\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n编号　账户持有人　日期　金额\n\n1　GFNY Inc　3/9/2022　$\n(21,723.23)\n\n2　GFNY Inc　5/11/2022　(183,283.69)\n\n3　GFNY Inc　6/10/2022　(19,918.21)\n\n4　GFNY Inc　7/20/2022　(81,477.61)\n\n5　GFNY Inc　9/9/2022　(19,060.99)\n\n6　GFNY Inc　10/6/2022　(29,679.86)\n\n合计—向 Janco SRL（扬科有限责任公司）的付款　$\n(355,143.59)\n\n附表A","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2664,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:26:15"}