{"id":"court_ctb_2651_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2651,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | FFP (BVI) Limited | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor
□ Other | | | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers and
postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544,548,549, and
550 and New York Debtor and Creditor Law Sections 273, 274, and 276 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property | □
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | | | |\n| □
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□ | □
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□ | | | | |\n| 13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□ | 63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□ | | | | |\n| 14-Recovery of money/property - other | 64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | (other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□ | | | | |\n| □
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | 71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□ | | | | |\n| | | 72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | | | |\n| actual fraud
□ | Other
□ | | | | |\n| 67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□ | | | | |\n| (continued next column) | | 02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | | Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | | | |\n| | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\nChapter 11\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,[1](#page-2-0)\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 10, 2024\n\nFFP (BVI) LIMITED,\n\nDefendant.\n\n------------------------------------------------------\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nx\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n 1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant FFP (BVI) Limited (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate effectuated after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case without authority of the Bankruptcy Court or otherwise under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Leading Shine NY Ltd (\"Leading Shine\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$46,014.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant, which Defendant was the initial transferee of the funds.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. 1\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, G Club Operations LLC (\"G Club\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$250,000.00 to the Defendant, which Defendant was the initial transferee of the funds.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were unauthorized, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n2\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 [2](#page-4-0) or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is a British Virgin Islands entity with an address at 2nd Floor, Water's Edge Building, P.O. Box 2429, Wickhams Cay II, Tortola, VG1110.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n 2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273,273a,275, 276 and 278.\n\nliabilities.[3](#page-5-0) While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Leading Shine and G Club.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. Leading Shine and G Club are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. [4](#page-5-1) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—much of which the Debtor obtained through his fraudulent investment and cryptocurrency schemes—while concealing this property of this creditors.\n\n 3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 Default has entered against Leading Shine in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023 (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"), Docket No. 13), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Leading Shine was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Lamp Capital A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against G Club, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that G Club was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. [5](#page-6-0)\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n## **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.[6](#page-6-1)\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n 5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 *Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order,* ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor[7](#page-7-0) , led by the Debtor[8](#page-7-1) and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.[9](#page-7-2)\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.[10](#page-7-3)\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n 7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Leading Shine and G Club, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos effectuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members. [11](#page-8-0) The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.[12](#page-8-1)\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"[13](#page-8-2)\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Leading Shine and G Club, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n 11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022).\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n## **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n28. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including G Club, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n29. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, G Club.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n# **F. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n35. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter-ego shell companies including Leading Shine, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n36. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including G Club, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (the \"Postpetition Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n37. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers and the Postpetition Transfer (collectively,\n\nthe \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n38. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n39. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n40. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, Leading Shine, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n41. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n42. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n43. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n44. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter egos, Leading Shine, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n45. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n46. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Postpetition Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, G Club.\n\n49. The Postpetition Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n50. The Postpetition Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n51. The Postpetition Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n52. The Postpetition Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n53. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n12\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$46,014.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$46,014.00 are avoided pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfer in an amount not less than \\$250,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n13\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under\n\nthe circumstances.\n\nDated: February 10, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**\n\n# **SCHEDULE B**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗诉讼封面表\n（背面说明） 对抗诉讼编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins，Chapter 11 受托人 FFP (BVI) Limited\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka，Patrick R. Linsey\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框） 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人 □ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\nChapter 11 受托人根据《破产法典》第544、548、549和\n550条以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第273、274和276条，请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和\n申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，将主要诉因编号为1，第一个备选诉因编号为2，第二个备选诉因编号为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还 □\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□ □\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□ 63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他 64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 （家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) 71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述， FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n实际欺诈\n□ 其他\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 SS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n（续见下一栏） 02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 勾选此项，如本案涉及州法实体争议 □ 勾选此项，如主张本案为根据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼\n□ 勾选此项，如起诉状中请求陪审团审判 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗诉讼所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Julie A. Manning\n相关对抗诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n诉讼编号\n\n对抗诉讼审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n日期\n律师（或原告）印刷体姓名\n\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交，在破产法院管辖下设立一个“财产集合”，其由债务人无论位于何处的全部财产构成。由于破产财产集合范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就该财产集合的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能会发生关于债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，称为对抗诉讼。\n\n提交对抗诉讼的当事人还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗诉讼封面表》，除非该当事人通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗诉讼。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中采集表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，该封面表概述对抗诉讼的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息，以处理对抗诉讼并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n该封面表及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面表大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每一份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面表必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该所一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格州地区 布里奇波特分部\n\nChapter 11\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，[1]\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，CHAPTER 11 受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗诉讼编号 [ ]\n\n诉\n\n2024年2月10日\n\nFFP (BVI) LIMITED，\n\n被告。\n\nCHAPTER 11 受托人根据《破产法典》第544、548、549和550条以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第273、274和276条，请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nx\n\nLuc A. Despins，以在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的 Chapter 11 案件（“Chapter 11 案件”）中获任命的 Chapter 11 受托人（“受托人”）身份，提起本\n\n1 本 Chapter 11 案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产集合的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），起诉被告 FFP (BVI) Limited（“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗诉讼，以撤销及追回：(a) 在本 Chapter 11 案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；以及 (b) 在本 Chapter 11 案件开始后，未经破产法院授权或未经《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）以其他方式授权而实施的债务人 Chapter 11 财产集合财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Leading Shine NY Ltd（“Leading Shine”），在申请日之前（定义见下文）向被告转让了金额为 $46,014.00 的资金，被告系该等资金的初始受让人。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，且其作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债务人的债权人。1\n\n4. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 G Club Operations LLC（“G Club”），向被告转让了金额为 $250,000.00 的资金，被告系该等资金的初始受让人。\n\n5. 因该等破产申请后对财产集合财产的转让未经授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第549和550条予以撤销及追回。\n管辖权和审理地点\n\n6. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗诉讼享有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗诉讼已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n8. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第544、548、549和550条以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第273、274和276条[2]，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人系 Chapter 11 案件中的 Chapter 11 受托人，依据破产法院于 2022年7月8日作出的裁定 [案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n10. 被告为一家英属维尔京群岛实体，地址为 2nd Floor, Water's Edge Building, P.O. Box 2429, Wickhams Cay II, Tortola, VG1110。\n事实\nA. Chapter 11 案件\n\n11. 债务人于 2022年2月15日在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》Chapter 11 请求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而启动 Chapter 11 案件。\n\n12. 2022年3月21日，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本 Chapter 11 案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 2022年3月向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并已产生数亿美元的\n\n2 对《纽约债务人与债权人法》的全部法定引用，下文均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act（《纽约统一可撤销交易法》）（“NYUVT”）取代了 New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act（《纽约统一欺诈性让与法》）（“NYUFC”），并于 2020年4月4日生效，适用于在 2020年4月4日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 2020年4月4日之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273、273a、275、276和278条请求救济。\n\n负债。[3] 虽然债务人的确负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司持有及/或转让的财产，包括 Leading Shine 和 G Club。\n\n14. 2022年6月15日，法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在 Chapter 11 案件中任命一名 Chapter 11 受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。2022年7月8日，法院作出裁定，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为 Chapter 11 案件的受托人 [主案件案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗诉讼\n\n15. Leading Shine（Leading Shine公司）和 G Club（G Club公司）是债务人为阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。[4] 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和／或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和／或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产——其中大部分是债务人通过其欺诈性投资和加密货币计划获得的——同时向其债权人隐瞒该等财产。\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第1页 [主案案卷编号 78]。\n\n4 在对抗程序 Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.（对抗程序编号 23-5023（“Lamp Capital A.P.”），案卷编号 13）中，已对 Leading Shine 作出缺席登记；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认性判决，确认 Leading Shine 是债务人的另我。受托人通过援引将其在 Lamp Capital A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5023，案卷编号 1）纳入本文。\n\n受托人已经或即将对 G Club 提起对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认性判决，确认 G Club 是债务人的另我。受托人通过援引将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状纳入本文。\n\n16. 自受任以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，除其他事项外，以确立债务人的空壳公司系其另我，和／或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上由债务人所有；在数项对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。[5]\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和／或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购置的资产，和／或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈债权人的行为\n\n18. 除受托人对抗程序中所处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（Ace Decade Limited公司）（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（Dawn State Limited公司））的受益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。[6]\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G实体”（Gettr（Gettr）、G Fashion（G Fashion）、G Music（G Music）、GClubs（GClubs）、GNews（GNews）和 GEdu（GEdu））、New Federal State of China（中国新联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制[7]，由债务人领导[8]，和／或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业工具”。[9]\n\n5 其中包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins），第11章受托人 v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Mei Guo（梅国）[对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [对抗程序编号 23- 05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [对抗程序 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [对抗程序 23-05023]。\n\n6 准许就债务人违反公司治理命令作出藐视法庭裁定之动议的命令，第¶¶ 1, 4段（Jan. 24, 2023，案卷编号 1372（“公司治理藐视法庭命令”））。\n\n20. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（Eastern Profit Corporation Limited公司）——该实体最初由债务人的一名厨师持有，后转让给债务人的女儿——本质上是债务人的“空壳公司”。[10]\n\n21. 债务人为阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（“PAX”）的追偿努力，竭尽所能。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）对债务人提起诉讼，案卷索引号 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院取得针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX判决——包括 Lady May（Lady May号），债务人虚假声称该游艇由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓系为债务人的儿子以信托形式持有。债务人在判决后程序中违抗纽约法院命令，最终导致其被处以 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 更正后的部分准许初步禁令动议之决定备忘录，第¶ 3段（对抗程序编号 22-05032，January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（Saraca Media Group）及相关实体‘GTV’。”））。\n\n8 同上，第¶ 7段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员在个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. 债务人还将其另我，包括 Leading Shine 和 G Club，当作个人小金库，用于资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式，同时将资产隐藏于该等另我中，不让其债权人知悉，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等另我实施的转让，促成了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿负债，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。[11] 债务人仅列报 \\$3,850 的资产。[12]\n\n24. 2023年3月，债务人被逮捕，并在因包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控接受审判前，仍被羁押。\n\n25. United States Government（美国政府）在对债务人提出的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，洗白逾 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得。”[13]\n\n26. 债务人的另我财产，包括 Leading Shine 和 G Club，在申请日前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 关于债务人请求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令的动议的听证会，该命令将：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资；(II) 安排临时及最终听证会；以及 (III) 准予相关救济（主案，April 27, 2022）。\n\n12 见注3。\n\n13 见 United States of America 就反对被告 Yanping Wang（王燕平）审前释放动议而提交的法律备忘录，第29页；该备忘录作为第11章受托人就 G Club Operations LLC（G Club Operations LLC公司）对受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复之附件B附具（June 23, 2023，主案案卷编号 1934）。\n\n27. 在本文所涉的所有相关期间，债务人在纽约州纽约市开展业务，包括指挥本起诉状所涉的申请前转让。\n\nD. 债务人的空壳游戏及欺诈行为在申请后仍持续\n\n28. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我持有的全部财产，包括 G Club，均成为第11章破产财团的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n29. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在 Bankruptcy Code（破产法典）下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 G Club。\n\n30. 该等申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获破产法典授权。\n\nE. 具有阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人意图而作出的转让\n\n31. 本起诉状所涉的转让（定义见本文）均系通过作为债务人空壳游戏一部分运营的债务人另我空壳公司作出，因此具有阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈债务人债权人的意图。\n\n32. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿并耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称身无分文，却同时为维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式而大肆支出。\n\n33. 债务人隐匿并耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 Southern District of New York（纽约南区）U.S. District Court（美国联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中，面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n34. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会有足够资产剩余以偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然是出于阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n35. 申请日前，债务人通过包括 Leading Shine 在内的其另我空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让债务人的财产（统称“申请前转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n36. 申请日后，债务人通过包括 G Club 在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让破产财团财产（“申请后转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表B。\n\n37. 在申请前转让和申请后转让（统称“转让”）发生时，债务人对债务人破产财团的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n38. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据破产法典第548(a)(1)(A)条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n39. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至38段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n40. 申请前转让系由债务人通过其另我 Leading Shine 作出，具有阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n41. 债务人在实施申请前转让时阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，体现在：\n\na. 申请前转让是使用另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请前转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请前转让是作为债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分实施的，并在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属协助下，试图隐匿和遮蔽资产；\n\nd. 破产申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受制于债权人的追索，从而进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 破产申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受制于债权人的追索，从而进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在进行破产申请前转让时，债务人正面临诉讼，包括 PAX（PAX）在 PAX 案中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在进行破产申请前转让时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n42. 根据《破产法典》第 548(a)(i)(A) 条，受托人可以撤销破产申请前转让；根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条，该等转让可以予以追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276 及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n43. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 38 段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n44. 债务人通过其另我实体 Leading Shine（领尚）向被告作出破产申请前转让，其实际意图是阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人。\n\n45. 债务人在实施破产申请前转让时具有阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，体现在：\n\na. 破产申请前转让系使用一个另我实体空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 破产申请前转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 破产申请前转让是债务人为隐瞒和保护资产，在其家属及其所控制的其他亲信和下属的协助下，作为其“障眼法”的一部分而实施；\n\nd. 破产申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受制于债权人的追索，从而进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 破产申请前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受制于债权人的追索，从而进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在进行破产申请前转让时，债务人正面临诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在进行破产申请前转让时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n46. 根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b)，受托人可以撤销破产申请前转让；根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)，该等转让可以予以追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a) 请求撤销并追回未经授权的破产申请后转让）\n\n47. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 38 段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人向被告作出破产申请后转让，包括通过其另我实体空壳公司 G Club（G俱乐部）作出该等转让。\n\n49. 破产申请后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n50. 破产申请后转让未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n51. 破产申请后转让构成对债务人第 11 章财产未经授权的转让。\n\n52. 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 549(a)，可以撤销破产申请后转让。\n\n53. 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)，受托人有权向被告追回破产申请后转让，或其价值，并加计自该转让之日起至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n［本页其余部分有意留白。］\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人恭请作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A)，金额不少于 \\$46,014.00 的破产申请前转让予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276，以及就 April 4, 2020 之前的转让而言，根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278，金额不少于 \\$46,014.00 的破产申请前转让予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 和 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求而言，作出命令：(a) 宣告根据 Bankruptcy Code section 549，金额不少于 \\$250,000.00 的破产申请后转让予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请后转让；以及 (c) 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回破产申请后转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 判给受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 10, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\n第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙泰思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第 11 章受托人代理律师\n\n附表 A\n密封提交\n\n附表 B\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4924,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:56:41"}