{"id":"court_ctb_2654_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2654,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | Federal Express Corporation | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor
□ Other | | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and
related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□ | □
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | | |\n| 12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□ | □
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□ | | | |\n| 13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other | 63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | | |\n| | | (other than domestic support) | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□ | | | |\n| □
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | 71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation | | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment | | |\n| □
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | 91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | □ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | |\n| actual fraud
□ | Other
□ | | | |\n| 67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | | |\n| (continued next column) | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n**B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n| | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\nx\n\nChapter 11\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,[1](#page-2-0)\n\nDebtors.\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 10, 2024\n\nFEDERAL EXPRESS CORPORATION,\n\nDefendant.\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Federal Express Corporation (the\n\n\"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n 1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate perpetrated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, GFNY Inc. (\"GFNY\") and Lexington Property & Staffing Inc. (\"Lexington\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$290,789.03 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Delaware corporation with an address at 942 Shady Grove Road S, Memphis, Tennessee 38120.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.[2](#page-4-0) While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GFNY and Lexington.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n 2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. GFNY and Lexington are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.[3](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.[4](#page-5-1)\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n 3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GFNY, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GFNY was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\nDefault has entered against Lexington in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Lexington was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23- 5013, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GFNY and Lexington, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including GFNY and Lexington, was at all times property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GFNY and Lexington, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY and Lexington.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including GFNY and Lexington, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell companies, GFNY and Lexington.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$290,789.03 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 10, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ \\_Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面载有说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 Federal Express Corporation（联邦快递公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一格） 当事人（仅勾选一格）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人 □ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法令）\n第11章受托人依《破产法》第549条及第550条请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后转让及\n相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多对五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1)－金钱/财产追回 FRBP 7001(6)－可免责性（续）\n□\n11－金钱/财产追回－§542 财产交付\n□ □\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n12－金钱/财产追回－§547 偏颇清偿\n□ □\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n13－金钱/财产追回－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－金钱/财产追回－其他 63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 □\n65－可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产 FRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n□\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) 71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4)－异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n□\n81－债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 宣告性判决\n□\n51－撤销确认 □ 91－宣告性判决\nFRBP 7001(6)－可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述， □ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n实际欺诈\n□ 其他\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 SS-SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02－其他（例如原本会在州法院提起的其他诉讼\n（续见下一栏） 如与破产案件无关）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分院办公地 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办公地 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）\n\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交使破产法院管辖下产生一个“财产集合”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产集合范围广泛且法院管辖权极其宽泛，可能会就该财产集合的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，即称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，但该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序的除外。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中采集表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不取代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所载原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\nx\n\n第11章\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，[1]\n\n债务人。\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（吕克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\n诉\n\n2024年2月10日\n\nFEDERAL EXPRESS CORPORATION（联邦快递公司），\n\n被告。\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n第11章受托人依据《破产法》第549条及第550条请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯）以在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，对被告 Federal Express Corporation（联邦快递公司）（“被告”）提起本对抗性起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 及 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他化名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 遗产财产集合受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后实施且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法”）授权的债务人财产集合财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 GFNY Inc.（“GFNY”）及 Lexington Property & Staffing Inc.（“Lexington”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $290,789.03 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产申请提交后对财产集合财产的转让未经法院或《破产法》授权，其可依《破产法》第549条及第550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令，在第11章案件中担任第11章受托人 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家 Delaware（特拉华州）公司，地址为 942 Shady Grove Road S, Memphis, Tennessee 38120。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“本院”或“破产法院”）根据《破产法》《美国法典》第11编第11章提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所示第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中指定了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未指定审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元债务。[2] 虽然债务人的确负债累累，但其财产清单未披露由其众多另我空壳公司持有和/或转让的债务人财产，包括 GFNY 和 Lexington。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，本院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中指定一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，本院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 《资产和负债清单》，第1页（主案件，Docket No. 78）。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. GFNY 和 Lexington 是债务人为欺骗其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。[3] 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用一个错综复杂的空壳公司网络；该等公司名义上由其家庭成员及下属持有，但实际上由债务人控制。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出及转移数百万美元现金和其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在数起案件中，破产法院已准予该等救济。[4]\n\n15. 该等诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的、债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无偿转让给及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\n3 受托人已对或将立即对 GFNY 提起对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出宣告性判决，确认 GFNY 系债务人的另我。受托人将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状通过援引并入本文。\n\n在对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.（对抗程序编号 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），案卷编号 139）中，Lexington 已被作出缺席判决；该对抗程序寻求的救济包括但不限于一项确认性判决，确认 Lexington 是债务人的另我实体。受托人在此援引其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的受托人起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5013，案卷编号 1）。\n\n4 这些包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins），第 11 章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限责任公司）等人 [对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第 11 章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林威治土地有限责任公司）等人 [对抗程序编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第 11 章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭梅）[对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第 11 章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等人 [对抗程序编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第 11 章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等人 [对抗程序编号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第 11 章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉（纽约）有限公司）[对抗程序编号 23-05018]；及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第 11 章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司）等人 [对抗程序编号 23-05023]。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另我实体，包括 GFNY 和 Lexington，用作个人提款机，为其本人及其家人已经习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于这些另我实体中以躲避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些另我实体的财产，包括 GFNY 和 Lexington，在任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的障眼法和欺诈行为在破产申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至破产申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的所有财产，包括 GFNY 和 Lexington，均成为第 11 章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在破产申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GFNY 和 Lexington。\n\n19. 上述任何破产申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 在破产申请日之后，债务人通过包括 GFNY 和 Lexington 在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第 11 章破产财产的财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条撤销并追回未经授权的破产申请后转让之请求）\n\n23. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 22 段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其另我空壳公司 GFNY 和 Lexington 作出的转让。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于破产申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第 11 章破产财产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第 549(a) 条，该等转让可被撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并追回截至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$290,789.03 的该等转让根据《破产法》第 549 条被撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产之利益，按受托人的选择向被告追回该等转让或其价值；\n\n2. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率判给受托人判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：February 10, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（ct00616）\nPatrick R. Linsey（ct29437）\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂斯律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第 11 章受托人代理律师\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","HCHK","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2920,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:48:09"}