{"id":"court_ctb_2660_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2660,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | A.Z. Bigiotterie S.A.S. Di Zanutto Gabriele & C. | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers, preferential transfers, and
postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544,547,548,549, and
550 and New York Debtor and Creditor Law Sections 273, 274, and 276 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
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21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
□ | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n**B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| /s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | |\n| DATE
February 10, 2024 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Patrick R. Linsey | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n## **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v.
A.Z. BIGIOTTERIE S.A.S.
DI ZANUTTO GABRIELE & C.,
Defendant. | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
:
:
:
:
February 10, 2024
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:
:
: |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant A.Z. Bigiotterie S.A.S. Di Zanutto Gabriele & C. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, GFNY Inc. (\"GFNY\") and Lexington Property and Staffing Inc. (\"Lexington\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$141,413.03 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY, transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$36,047.10 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is foreign partnership with an address at Via Ermes di Colloredo, 33038 San Daniele del Friuli, Udine Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 33038, Italy.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\nliabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GFNY and Lexington.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n#### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. GFNY and Lexington are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GFNY, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GFNY was the alter egoof the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\nDefault has entered against Lexington in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Lexington was the alter ego of the Debtor. A motion to set aside the default is currently pending. (Docket no. 172). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\ncompanies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GFNY and Lexington, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including GFNY and Lexington, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n#### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n28. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GFNY and Lexington, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n29. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY and Lexington.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alterego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **F. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n35. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter-ego shell companies GFNY and Lexington, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n36. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company, GFNY, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\n#### See **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n37. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers and the Postpetition Transfers (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n38. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n39. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n40. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, GFNY and Lexington, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n41. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n42. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n43. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n44. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter egos, GFNY and Lexington, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n45. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n46. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Postpetition Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY.\n\n49. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n50. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n51. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n52. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n53. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$141,413.03 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, an order declaring that (a) the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$141,413.03 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$36,047.10 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 10, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**\n\n## **SCHEDULE B**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗诉讼封面表\n（背面说明） 对抗诉讼编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins，第11章受托人 A.Z. Bigiotterie S.A.S. Di Zanutto Gabriele & C.\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师 （如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka，Patrick R. Linsey\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第544、547、548、549及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让、偏颇性转让及破产申请后转让，并请求相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，主要诉因编号为1，第一项备选诉因编号为2，第二项备选诉因编号为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1)－金钱/财产追回\n□\n11－金钱/财产追回－§542 财产返还\n□\n12－金钱/财产追回－§547 偏颇性转让\n□\n13－金钱/财产追回－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－金钱/财产追回－其他\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 □\n□\n□\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(6)－可免责性（续）\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n65－可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) □\n□ FRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4)－对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n81－债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6)－可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续下一栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对已移送债权或诉因的裁定\nSS－SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗诉讼所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件待决地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning\n相关对抗诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n诉讼编号\n对抗诉讼待决地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期\nFebruary 10, 2024 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nPatrick R. Linsey\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财产”，其包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围极广，且法院管辖权极为广泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。也可能存在有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗诉讼。\n\n提交对抗诉讼的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗诉讼封面表》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗诉讼。（CM/ECF在提交过程中采集表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，该封面表概述对抗诉讼的基本信息。法院书记员需要该信息以处理对抗诉讼，并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面表及其中所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交及送达。该封面表大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份已提交的起诉状均必须向书记员另行提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。该封面表必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院康涅狄格州地区布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n：\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉\nA.Z. BIGIOTTERIE S.A.S.\nDI ZANUTTO GABRIELE & C.，\n被告。 x\n\n对抗诉讼编号 [ ]\n\nFebruary 10, 2024\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第544、548、549及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及破产申请后转让，并请求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以在Ho Wan Kwok（下称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（下称“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（下称“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo和Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财产的受托人（仅为通知及通信之目的）。\n\n对被告A.Z. Bigiotterie S.A.S. Di Zanutto Gabriele & C.（下称“被告”）提起本对抗起诉状（下称“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗诉讼，以撤销并追回：(a) 本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产所作的转让；以及(b) 本第11章案件开始后对债务人第11章破产财产所作、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（下称“破产法典”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司GFNY Inc.（“GFNY”）及Lexington Property and Staffing Inc.（“Lexington”），于申请日（定义如下）前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为$141,413.03的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，且其实施意图在于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n4. 在申请日后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司GFNY，向作为初始受让人的被告转让了总额为$36,047.10的资金。\n\n5. 因为该等对破产财产作出的破产申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第549及550条予以撤销并追回。\n管辖权及审判地\n\n6. 本法院根据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗诉讼具有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗诉讼已根据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本法院审理。\n\n8. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第544、548、549及550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条2，或任何其他适用的州法等同规定。\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人根据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令[案件编号22-50073（下称“主案件”）卷宗编号523]，担任第11章案件中的第11章受托人。\n\n10. 被告为外国合伙企业，地址为Via Ermes di Colloredo, 33038 San Daniele del Friuli, Udine Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 33038, Italy。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n11. 债务人于February 15, 2022在美国康涅狄格州地区破产法院（下称“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的申请书（下称“申请日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n12. 于March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产清单声称其拥有$3,850资产，并承担了数亿美元的\n\n2 此后，所有对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代《纽约州统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”），并于April 4, 2020生效，适用于在April 4, 2020当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。就April 4, 2020之前的转让而言，受托人在本诉讼中根据NYUFC及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、273a、275、276及278条寻求救济。\n\n负债。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括GFNY和Lexington）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n14. 于June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案件卷宗编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins担任第11章案件的受托人[主案件卷宗编号523]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗诉讼\n\n15. GFNY（GFNY）和 Lexington（列克星敦）是债务人为阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。4 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信及/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、花费及/或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n16. 自受任以来，受托人已在 Chapter 11 案件中提起多项对抗程序，除其他事项外，以确认债务人的空壳\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第1页 [主案卷宗编号 78]。\n\n4 受托人已对或即将对 GFNY 提起对抗程序，该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认 GFNY 为债务人另我的宣告性判决。受托人通过援引方式将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状纳入本文。\n\n在 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（对抗程序编号 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），案卷编号 139）对抗程序中，已对 Lexington 作出缺席登记；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认 Lexington 为债务人另我的宣告性判决。目前，一项撤销缺席登记的动议正在审理中。（案卷编号 172）。受托人通过援引方式将其在 HCHK Entities A.P.（对抗程序编号 23-5013，案卷编号 1）中提交的起诉状纳入本文。\n\n公司为其另我及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有，并且在若干案件中，破产法院已授予该等救济。5\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲属及/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，及/或无对价转让给空壳实体或在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n18. 除受托人对抗程序中所处理的事项外，破产法院已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（黎明州有限公司））的实益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王雪）。\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr（盖特尔）、G Fashion（G时尚）、G Music（G音乐）、GClubs（G俱乐部）、GNews（G新闻）和 GEdu（G教育））、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均受\n\n5 这些包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n6 命令：准许要求认定债务人藐视公司治理命令的动议，¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”)。\n\n债务人控制7、由债务人领导8及/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业载体”。9\n\n20. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——该实体最初由债务人的一名厨师所有，后转让给债务人的女儿——实质上是债务人的“一家空壳公司”。10\n\n21. 债务人不遗余力地阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，L.P.）（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“New York Court”）起诉债务人，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX Case”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约州法院取得针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX Judgment”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称该游艇由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓是为债务人的儿子以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中对纽约州法院命令的抗拒，最终导致债务人承担 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 经更正的决定备忘录：部分准许初步禁令动议，¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (“The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity ‘GTV’”)。\n\n8 同上，¶ 7（“The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.”）。\n\n9 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021)。\n\n22. 债务人还将其另我，包括 GFNY 和 Lexington，用作个人“小金库”，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时在这些另我中向其债权人隐匿资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过这些另我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿其负债，其奢华生活方式由其家人通过以家庭成员名义持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人在资产清单中仅列报 $3,850 的资产。12\n\n24. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，目前仍被羁押，等待就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控受审。\n\n25. 美国政府在对债务人提出的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，对超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱”。13\n\n26. 债务人的另我，包括 GFNY 和 Lexington，其财产在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 关于债务人要求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令的动议之听证会：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资；及 (II) 安排临时及最终听证会；以及 (III) 授予相关救济（主案，2022年4月27日）\n\n12 见注3\n\n13 见 United States of America 关于反对被告 Yanping Wang（王艳萍）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页，该备忘录作为附件B附于 Chapter 11 受托人对 G Club Operations LLC（G俱乐部运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中（2023年6月23日，主案卷宗编号 1934）。\n\n27. 在与本文有关的任何时候，债务人在 New York, New York 开展业务，包括指示实施本起诉状所涉的申请前转让。\nD. 债务人的空壳游戏和欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n28. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我持有的全部财产，包括 GFNY 和 Lexington，均成为 Chapter 11 破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n29. 在申请日之后，债务人公然漠视破产法院及其根据 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GFNY 和 Lexington。\n\n30. 该等申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未根据破产法获得授权。\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n31. 本起诉状所涉转让的目的在于阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债务人的债权人，因为这些转让均通过债务人的另我空壳公司作出，而该等公司作为债务人空壳游戏的一部分运营。\n\n32. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却大肆花费，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及亲密同事的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n33. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中，面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n34. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，不会有足够的剩余资产用于偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，这些转让必然是出于阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n35. 在申请日之前，债务人使用其另我空壳公司 GFNY 和 Lexington，或以其他方式，向被告转让债务人的财产（统称“申请前转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n36. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 GFNY，或以其他方式，向被告转让破产财产（统称“申请后转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表B。\n\n37. 在申请前转让和申请后转让（统称“转让”）时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未偿义务。\n\n38. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n第一项诉请\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code 第548(a)(1)(A)条和第550(a)条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的诉请）\n\n39. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至38段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n40. 申请前转让由债务人通过其另我 GFNY 和 Lexington 作出，其实际意图是阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人。\n\n41. 债务人在实施申请前转让时阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\na. 申请前转让系使用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请前转让向债务人的债权人隐匿；\n\nc. 申请前转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属协助下实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中受益，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请破产前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而无需使其财产受到其债权人追索，从而推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在申请破产前转让时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX（PAX）在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在申请破产前转让时，债务人资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n42. 申请破产前转让可由受托人依据《破产法》section 548(a)(i)(A)撤销，并可依据《破产法》section 550(a)追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276，以及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a)，请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n43. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至38段所载的指控，视同在此完整列明。\n\n44. 申请破产前转让由债务人通过其另我实体 GFNY（GFNY）和 Lexington（列克星敦）作出，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n45. 债务人在实施申请破产前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实表明：\n\na. 申请破产前转让系利用一家另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请破产前转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请破产前转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属协助下实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请破产前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈中受益，而无需使其财产受到其债权人追索，从而推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请破产前转让使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而无需使其财产受到其债权人追索，从而推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在申请破产前转让时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在申请破产前转让时，债务人资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n46. 申请破产前转让可由受托人依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276，以及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b)撤销，并可依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（依据 Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a)，请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转让）\n\n47. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至38段所载的指控，视同在此完整列明。\n\n48. 申请破产后转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其另我空壳公司 GFNY 作出。\n\n49. 申请破产后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n50. 申请破产后转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n51. 申请破产后转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产未经授权的转让。\n\n52. 申请破产后转让可依据 Bankruptcy Code section 549(a)撤销。\n\n53. 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)，受托人有权向被告追回申请破产后转让，或由其选择追回其价值，连同截至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $141,413.03 的申请破产前转让已依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A)撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请破产前转让；以及 (c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回申请破产前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，作出命令，宣告 (a) 金额不少于 $141,413.03 的申请破产前转让已依据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b)和 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请破产前转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 和 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回申请破产前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求，作出命令，(a) 宣告金额不少于 $36,047.10 的申请破产后转让已依据 Bankruptcy Code section 549 撤销；以及 (b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请破产后转让；以及 (c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回申请破产后转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 10, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS 第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附件A\n密封提交\n\n附件B\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","HCHK","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4716,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:57:27"}