{"id":"court_ctb_2690_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2690,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | SOD Stone Offroad Design GmbH | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers and postpetition transfers
and related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544,548,549, and 550 and New York Debtor and Creditor
Law Sections 273, 274, and 276 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
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13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
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21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
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31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
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41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation
FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
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66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
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62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
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67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
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64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other
FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment
FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
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SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | | |\n| (continued next column)
□ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case)
□ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DATE | | | | | |\n| February 11, 2024 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n| | | Douglas S. Skalka | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n## **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
February 11, 2024 |\n| SOD STONE OFFROAD
DESIGN GmbH | :
:
: | |\n| | :
Defendant.
x | |\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant SOD Stone Offroad Design GmbH (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, G Club International Limited (\"GClub Intl.\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$318,742.02 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, and G Club Operations LLC (\"GClub Operations\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$377,771.05 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1334(b).\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549 and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is a German company with an address at Grabenwiese 17 83623 Dietramszell, Ascholding, Germany.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n12. On March 21, 2002, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including GClub Intl. and GClub Operations.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n#### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. GClub Intl. and GClub Operations are among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n4 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GClub Intl. and GClub Operations, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GClub Intl. and GClub\n\nhas orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and/or known subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and\n\nOperations were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nthrough it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of Debtor's chauffeurs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of\n\n6 *Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order,* para.1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, para. 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at para. 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n\\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GClub Intl. and GClub Operations, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\nnames of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including GClub Intl. and GClub Operations, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the Transfers (as defined herein).\n\n### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n28. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GClub Intl. and GClub Operations, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n29. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GClub Intl. and GClub Operations.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n13 See Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n35. The Defendant is a German manufacturer of luxury offroad recreational vehicles, campers, and mobile offices.\n\n36. The Transfers at issue here were part of the Debtor's practice of dissipating his assets through spending on luxury goods and services. This spending on luxury items was particularly egregious considering that the Debtor was dissipating the proceeds of his frauds.\n\n37. Even while the Debtor claimed to be penniless to his creditors, he simultaneously used his luxurious lifestyle as a marketing tool to promote his fraudulent schemes. Among the many examples of this strategy was the Debtor's \"Hcoin to the Moon\" music video, in which the\n\n9\n\nDebtor flaunts extravagant personal property—including yachts, sports cars, suits, cigars, and home furnishings—to promote investment in one of his fraudulent cryptocurrency ventures.14\n\n38. This further reflects the Debtor's fraudulent intent with respect to the Transfers.\n\n### **F. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n39. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company, GClub Intl., or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (the \"Prepetition Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n40. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company, GClub Operations, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (the \"Postpetition Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n41. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer and the Postpetition Transfer (collectively,\n\nthe \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n42. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code §§ 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n43. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n14 *See* http (last visited Jan. 25, 2024). The Debtor published this music video on YouTube in December of 2021, roughly two months prior to the Petition Date.\n\n44. The Prepetition Transfer was made by the Debtor through his alter ego, GClub Intl., with the actual intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n45. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, or and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfer is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n46. The Prepetition Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to Section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to Section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfer pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Prepetition Transfer was made by the Debtor, through his alter ego company, GClub Intl., with the actual intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n49. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nPrepetition Transfer is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n- b. The Prepetition Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n50. The Prepetition Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n1. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n2. The Postpetition Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, GClub Operations.\n\n3. The Postpetition Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n4. The Postpetition Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n5. The Postpetition Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n6. The Postpetition Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n7. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfer in an amount not less than \\$318,742.02 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfer or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to Section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfer in an amount not less than \\$318,742.02 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Postpetition Transfer in an amount not less than \\$377,771.05 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ \\_Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**\n\n### **SCHEDULE B**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗性诉讼封面表\n（说明见背面） 对抗性诉讼编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins，Chapter 11 受托人 SOD Stone Offroad Design GmbH\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka，Patrick R. Linsey\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因 （简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\nChapter 11 受托人依据《破产法》第544、548、549及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及申请日后转让，\n并请求相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（自主要诉因起依次编号，最多五（5）个方框，主要诉因为1，第一个备选诉因为2，第二个备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产移交\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免除债务提出异议/撤销免除债务\n□\n41-对免除债务提出异议/撤销免除债务 - §727(c),(d),(e)\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免责性\n□\n66-债务可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权\n□\n62-债务可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-债务可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免责性（续）\n□\n61-债务可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-债务可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的损害\n□\n63-债务可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-债务可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-债务可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼\n（续见下一栏）\n□ 如本案涉及实体性州法问题，请勾选 如与破产案件无关）\n□ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗性诉讼所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人名称 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning\n相关对抗性诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗性\n诉讼编号\n\n对抗性诉讼审理地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期\nFebruary 11, 2024 律师（或原告）姓名（正楷）\nDouglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院的管辖下形成“财产集合”，该集合包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产集合范围广泛且法院管辖权极为宽泛，可能会就该财产集合的财产或财产权利产生诉讼。也可能会就债务人的债务免除产生诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，称为对抗性诉讼。\n\n提起对抗性诉讼的一方还必须填写并提交 Form 1040，即《对抗性诉讼封面表》，但该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗性诉讼的除外。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中获取 Form 1040 中的信息。）填写完成后，封面表概述对抗性诉讼的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗性诉讼并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面表及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面表大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每提交一份起诉状，均须向书记员另行提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。请准确按照起诉状中所示填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告、在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面表必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: Chapter 11\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n: 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （联合管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，CHAPTER 11\n受托人，\n诉 x\n\n原告，\n:\n:\n:\n: 对抗性诉讼编号 [ ]\nFebruary 11, 2024\nSOD STONE OFFROAD\nDESIGN GmbH :\n\n被告。\nx\n\nCHAPTER 11 受托人依据《破产法》第544、548、549及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及申请日后转让并请求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以在 Ho Wan Kwok（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）的 Chapter 11 案件（以下简称“Chapter 11 案件”）中获任命的 Chapter 11 受托人身份（以下简称“受托人”），提交本\n\n1 本 Chapter 11 案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（又称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产集合的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗性起诉状（以下简称“起诉状”），起诉被告 SOD Stone Offroad Design GmbH（以下简称“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗性诉讼，以撤销并追回：(a) 本 Chapter 11 案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；以及 (b) 本 Chapter 11 案件开始后对债务人 Chapter 11 财产集合之财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“《破产法》”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 G Club International Limited（以下简称“GClub Intl.”），在申请日（定义如下）前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$318,742.02 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，且该等转让系意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。或者，该等转让构成推定欺诈，因为该等转让作出时债务人已无清偿能力，且债务人未就此获得合理等值对价。\n\n4. 在申请日后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 G Club Operations LLC（以下简称“GClub Operations”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$377,771.05 的资金。\n\n5. 因为该等对财产集合财产的申请日后转让未经法院或《破产法》授权，其可依据《破产法》第549和550条予以撤销并追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n6. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. §1334(b) 对本对抗性诉讼具有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗性诉讼已依据 28 U.S.C. §157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n8. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“《破产法》”）第544、548、549和550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274和276条2，或任何其他适用的州法等同规定。\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人系依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令[案件编号 22-50073（以下简称“主案”）案卷编号 523]在 Chapter 11 案件中担任的 Chapter 11 受托人。\n\n10. 被告是一家德国公司，地址为 Grabenwiese 17 83623 Dietramszell, Ascholding, Germany。\n\n2 此后，对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代《纽约州统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中依据 NYUFC 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273、273a、275、276和278条请求救济。\n事实\nA. Chapter 11 案件\n\n11. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院（以下简称“法院”或“破产法院”）根据《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“《破产法》”）Chapter 11 自愿申请救济（以下简称“申请日”），从而启动上述 Chapter 11 案件（以下简称“Chapter 11 案件”）。\n\n12. 于 March 21, 2002，美国受托人办公室在本 Chapter 11 案件中任命了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务。3 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司持有和转让的财产，包括 GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations。\n\n14. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出裁判备忘录和命令[主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在 Chapter 11 案件中任命一名 Chapter 11 受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为 Chapter 11 案件中的受托人[主案案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗性诉讼\n\n15. GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations 是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。4 多年来，债务人\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案，案卷编号 78）。\n\n4 受托人已经或即将对 GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations 提起对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，确认 GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations 系债务人的另我。受托人特此通过援引方式纳入其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状。\n\n债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和/或已知下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元的现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n16. 自其获任以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多起对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；破产法院已在其中数案中授予此类救济。5\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 以其他由债务人控制的实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价地转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n18. 除受托人的对抗程序所处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人为 Ace Decade Limited（并通过该公司为 Dawn State Limited）的实益所有人，且债务人控制并使用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang。6\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China 和 Rule of Law Foundation，以及其他名义上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制7、由债务人领导8，和/或为债务人的“目的……服务，并充当债务人的商业载体”。9\n\n20. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（纽约南区美国联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited——该实体最初由债务人的一名司机持有，后转让给债务人的女儿——本质上是债务人的一家空壳公司。10\n\n21. 债务人竭尽全力阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）提起对债务人的诉讼，案号 652077/2017（“PAX 案”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 获得纽约法院针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX 判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May，债务人虚假声称该游艇归其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓为其儿子以信托形式持有。债务人在判决后程序中藐视纽约法院命令的行为，最终导致债务人被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚金。\n\n22. 债务人还将其另我，包括 GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations，作为个人钱袋使用，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢侈生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐藏于这些另我之中以躲避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿还其负债，且其奢侈生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅申报 $3,850 的资产。12\n\n24. 2023年3月，债务人被逮捕，并因包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控而持续被羁押候审。\n\n25. 在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中，美国政府主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，对超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”13\n\n26. 债务人的另我，包括 GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations 的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n27. 在与本案相关的所有期间，债务人在纽约州纽约市从事商业活动，包括指示转让（定义见下文）。\n\nD. 债务人的空壳游戏和欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n28. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我持有的全部财产，包括 GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n29. 申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据 Bankruptcy Code（破产法典）所承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GClub Intl. 和 GClub Operations。\n\n30. 这些申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获 Bankruptcy Code 授权。\n\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n31. 本起诉状所涉转让系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，因为该等转让均通过作为债务人空壳游戏一部分运作的债务人另我空壳公司作出。\n\n32. 债务人故意以这种方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐瞒和耗散数百万美元的资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却大肆支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n33. 债务人隐瞒和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（纽约南区美国联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. 债务人明知且意图通过以此方式隐瞒和耗散其资产，将不会有足够的剩余资产偿还其债权人——包括其欺诈行为的众多受害人。因此，这些转让必然是出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\n35. 被告是一家德国豪华越野休闲车、露营车和移动办公室制造商。\n\n36. 本案所涉转让属于债务人通过购买奢侈品和服务来耗散其资产的惯常做法的一部分。鉴于债务人耗散的是其欺诈所得，对奢侈品的此类支出尤为严重。\n\n37. 即使债务人向其债权人声称身无分文，其仍同时将其奢侈生活方式作为营销工具，以推销其欺诈计划。该策略的众多例子之一是债务人的“Hcoin to the Moon”音乐视频，债务人在其中炫耀奢华的个人财产——包括游艇、跑车、西装、雪茄和家居陈设——以促进对其一项欺诈性加密货币项目的投资。14\n\n38. 这进一步反映出债务人就该等转让具有欺诈意图。\n\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n39. 在申请日之前，债务人通过其空壳公司 GClub Intl. 或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给被告（“申请前转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n40. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 GClub Operations 或以其他方式，将破产财产转让给被告（“申请后转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 B。\n\n41. 在申请前转让和申请后转让（合称“转让”）作出时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n42. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code §§ 548(a)(1)(A) 和 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n43. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n44. 申请前转让由债务人通过其另我 GClub Intl. 作出，且具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n45. 债务人在实施申请前转让时具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\na. 申请前转让系通过一家另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请前转让被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\n5 这些对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, para.1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n7 Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction, para. 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group 及一关联实体 ‘GTV’。”)。\n\n8 同上，第7段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya 的领导者。”）。\n\n9 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，充当债务人的商业载体，且其成员个人忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 见注3\n\n13 见 Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n14 见 http（最后访问于 Jan. 25, 2024）。债务人于2021年12月在 YouTube 发布该音乐视频，约在申请日前两个月。\n\nc. 该破产申请前转移是在债务人借助其家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属所进行的“空壳游戏”的一部分，以隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该破产申请前转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该破产申请前转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在进行该破产申请前转移时，债务人正被起诉，包括PAX在PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在进行该破产申请前转移时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n46. 根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(A)，该破产申请前转移可由受托人撤销，并可根据《破产法》section 550(a)予以追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276以及Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a)请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移）\n\n47. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n48. 该破产申请前转移由债务人通过其另我公司GClub Intl.（GClub国际）作出，具有阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n49. 债务人在实施该破产申请前转移时阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，由以下事实表明：\n\na. 该破产申请前转移是通过一家另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 该破产申请前转移对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该破产申请前转移是在债务人借助其家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属所进行的“空壳游戏”的一部分，以隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该破产申请前转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该破产申请前转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在进行该破产申请前转移时，债务人正被起诉，包括PAX在PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在进行该破产申请前转移时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n50. 根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276以及Bankruptcy Code section 544(b)，该破产申请前转移可由受托人撤销，并可根据Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)予以追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a)请求撤销并追回未经授权的破产申请后转移）\n\n1. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n2. 该破产申请后转移由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其另我空壳公司GClub Operations（GClub运营）作出。\n\n3. 该破产申请后转移发生于申请日期之后。\n\n4. 该破产申请后转移未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n5. 该破产申请后转移构成对债务人第11章财产的未经授权转移。\n\n6. 根据Bankruptcy Code section 549(a)，该破产申请后转移可予撤销。\n\n7. 根据Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)，受托人有权向被告追回该破产申请后转移或其价值，并加计至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$318,742.02的破产申请前转移根据Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A)予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该破产申请前转移；以及(c) 根据Bankruptcy Code Section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追回该破产申请前转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值，以惠及债务人的财产；\n\n2. 就第二项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$318,742.02的破产申请前转移根据Bankruptcy Code section 544(b)及N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该破产申请前转移；以及(c) 根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276及Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追回该破产申请前转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值，以惠及债务人的财产；\n\n3. 就第三项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$377,771.05的破产申请后转移根据Bankruptcy Code section 549予以撤销；以及(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该破产申请后转移；以及(c) 根据Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追回该破产申请后转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值，以惠及债务人的财产；\n\n4. 向受托人裁定自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS 第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ _Douglas Skalka____*_____* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com 第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交\n\n附表B\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4904,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:55:07"}