{"id":"court_ctb_2698_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2698,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | Benhar Office Interiors LLC | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor | □ Other | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and
related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□ | □
□ | 61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | |\n| 12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer | □ | 68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan | | |\n| □
14-Recovery of money/property - other | □ | 64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | |\n| | | (other than domestic support) | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □ | 65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| | | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property | | □
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay | | |\n| □
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □ | 72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | 81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation | | | | |\n| □
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability | | | | |\n| □
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims | □ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | |\n| □
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | | | | |\n| actual fraud | Other | | | |\n| □
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | □
□ | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq. | | |\n| (continued next column) | | 02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| 2/11/2024 | | | | |\n| | | Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [
]
:
:
: |\n| | :
February 11,
2024
: |\n| BENHAR OFFICE INTERIORS
LLC, | :
: |\n| Defendant.
----------------------------------------------------------- | :
x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Benhar Office Interiors LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, HCHK Technologies, Inc. (\"HCHK Technologies\"), Lexington Property and Staffing Inc. (\"Lexington\"), and HCHK Property Management, Inc. (\"HCHK Property\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$91,198.72 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York limited liability company with an address and place of business at 148 West 37th Street, Floor 12, New York, New York 10018.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities[.](#page-4-0)2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Lexington, HCHK Technologies, and HCHK Property.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Lexington, HCHK Technologies, and HCHK Property are some of the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.[3](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.[4](#page-5-1)\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n3 Default has entered against Lexington, HCHK Technologies, and HCHK Properties in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Lexington, HCHK Technologies, and HCHK Properties were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Lexington, HCHK Technologies, and HCHK Property, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos effectuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Lexington, HCHK Technologies, and HCHK Property, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, Lexington, and HCHK Property, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, HCHK Technologies, Lexington, and HCHK Property.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Lexington, HCHK Property, and HCHK Technologies, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies, Lexington, and HCHK Property.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$91,198.72 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n#### [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ \\_\\_\\_Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗诉讼封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗诉讼编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人 Benhar Office Interiors LLC（本哈办公室内饰有限责任公司）\n律师（律所名称、地址和电话号码） 律师（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church St., 13th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一项） 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人 □ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人 □ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因 （简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法典条款）\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条提起的诉状，请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后发生的转让，以及\n相关救济\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，从主要诉因开始编号为 1，第一个备选诉因为 2，第二个备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产移交\n□ □\n□\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让 □ 68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他 □ 64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 □ 65－可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产 □\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) □ 72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责的异议/撤销 FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n41－对免责的异议/撤销－§727(c),(d),(e) □ 81－债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉判决\n91－确认之诉判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权 □ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈 其他\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃 □\n□ SS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n（续见下一栏） 02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼\n）\n□ 如本案涉及实体性州法问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗诉讼所产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分院办公处 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n诉讼编号\n\n对抗诉讼审理地区 分院办公处 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n2/11/2024\nDouglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院管辖范围内产生一项“破产财产”，该破产财产由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利产生诉讼。也可能存在涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗诉讼。\n\n提起对抗诉讼的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗诉讼封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗诉讼。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）完成后，封面页概述对抗诉讼的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗诉讼，并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法则所要求的诉状或其他文书的提交和送达。封面页基本上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份已提交的诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写原告和被告在诉状中所载的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，原告必须签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n:\n第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n:\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n:\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉 x\n\n对抗诉讼编号 [\n]\n\n2 月 11 日，\n\nBENHAR OFFICE INTERIORS\nLLC（本哈办公室内饰有限责任公司）， :\n\n被告。\n\nx\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条提起的诉状，请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后发生的转让及相关救济\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）作为在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”），针对被告 Benhar Office Interiors LLC（本哈办公室内饰有限责任公司）（“被告”）提交本对抗诉讼诉状（“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（杰尼弗控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（杰尼弗控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗诉讼，请求撤销并追回债务人在本第 11 章案件开始后实施、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其替身空壳公司 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK Technologies 公司）（“HCHK Technologies”）、Lexington Property and Staffing Inc.（列克星敦物业与人力公司）（“Lexington”）及 HCHK Property Management, Inc.（HCHK 物业管理公司）（“HCHK Property”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$91,198.72 的资金。\n\n3. 因该等破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗诉讼享有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗诉讼已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定[案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523]获任命。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约有限责任公司，其地址及营业地点为 148 West 37th Street, Floor 12, New York, New York 10018。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“申请日”）在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“本院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交了根据《破产法典》《美国法典》第 11 编第 11 章寻求救济的申请，从而开始上述标题所示第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务[.]2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多替身空壳公司持有和转让的财产，包括 Lexington、HCHK Technologies 和 HCHK Property。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，本院作出备忘录决定和裁定[主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该裁定，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，本院作出裁定，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件中的受托人[主案件案卷编号 523]。\n\n2 资产与负债清单，第 1 页（主案件，案卷编号 78）。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗诉讼\n\n13. Lexington、HCHK Technologies 和 HCHK Property 是债务人为欺诈其债权人而使用的众多替身空壳公司中的部分公司。[3] 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、花费和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗诉讼，以实现以下目的（其中包括）：确认债务人的空壳公司系其替身，及/或确认该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平所有；在数项对抗诉讼中，破产法院已经准予该等救济。[4]\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲属及/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 以来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购置，及/或无对价转让给及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n3 在对 Lexington（莱克星顿）、HCHK Technologies（HCHK 科技公司）和 HCHK Properties（HCHK 地产公司）提起的对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），Docket No. 139）中，已对其作出缺席判决；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求确认 Lexington、HCHK Technologies 和 HCHK Properties 为债务人的另一自我。受托人在此通过援引并入其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的受托人起诉状（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1）。\n\n4 其中包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（梅国）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另一自我，包括 Lexington、HCHK Technologies 和 HCHK Property（HCHK 地产公司），作为个人的提款机，用于资助其本人及其家人已习以为常的奢华生活方式，同时将资产隐藏于这些另一自我之中，使债权人无法发现，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另一自我实施的转移，推进了债务人的欺诈计划。这些另一自我，包括 Lexington、HCHK Technologies 和 HCHK Property 的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳公司把戏及欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另一自我持有的全部财产，包括 HCHK Technologies、Lexington 和 HCHK Property，均成为债务人第 11 章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过众多作为其另一自我的空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于 HCHK Technologies、Lexington 和 HCHK Property。\n\n19. 这些申请后转移均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转移\n\n20. 申请日后，债务人通过包括 Lexington、HCHK Property 和 HCHK Technologies 在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转移了债务人第 11 章破产财产的财产（统称“转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在转移发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未偿义务。\n\n22. 被告是该等转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（依据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转移）\n\n23. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 22 段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n24. 该等转移系债务人向被告作出，包括通过其作为另一自我的空壳公司 HCHK Technologies、Lexington 和 HCHK Property 作出。\n\n25. 该等转移发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转移未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转移构成对债务人第 11 章破产财产的财产进行的未经授权转移。\n\n28. 该等转移可依据《破产法》第 549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第 550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转移，或其价值，以及截至付款日的利息和本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $91,198.72 的该等转移依据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转移；及 (c) 依据《破产法》第 550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该等转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人裁定判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第 11 章受托人的代理律师\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["HCHK","Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2982,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:37:56"}