{"id":"court_ctb_2715_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2715,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
□ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23
Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
x | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|--|--|--|\n| :
In re:
: | Chapter 11 | | | |\n| :
1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al.,
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | | | |\n| :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) | | | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
x
:
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
:
TRUSTEE,
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
v.
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] | | | |\n| : | February 11, 2024 | | | |\n| 3 COLUMBUS CIRCLE LLC,
: | | | | |\n| Defendant.
:
x | | | | |\n| :
:
----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant 3 Columbus Circle LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, HCHK Property Management, Inc. (\"HCHK Property\") transferred funds in the amount of \\$254,651.08 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York limited liability company with a place of business located at 3 Columbus Circle, Suite 2300, New York, New York 10019-8760.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including HCHK Property.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. HCHK Property is one of the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK Property, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while\n\n3 Default has entered against HCHK Property in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK Property is the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nconcealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including HCHK Property, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including HCHK Property, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, HCHK Property.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including HCHK Property, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, HCHK Property.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$254,651.08 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ \\_Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | | Date | | Amount |\n|-------------------------------------------|------------------------------|--|-----------|----|--------------|\n| 1 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 5/26/2022 | \\$ | (24,681.37) |\n| 2 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 7/8/2022 | | (24,681.37) |\n| 3 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 8/2/2022 | | (24,681.37) |\n| 4 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 9/1/2022 | | (4,594.23) |\n| 5 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 10/3/2022 | | (24,681.37) |\n| 6 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 11/2/2022 | | (24,681.37) |\n| 7 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 11/9/2022 | | (2,031.45) |\n| 8 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 12/2/2022 | | (24,681.37) |\n| 9 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 2/7/2023 | | (24,812.02) |\n| 10 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 3/7/2023 | | (25,762.42) |\n| 11 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 4/4/2023 | | (24,681.37) |\n| 12 | HCHK Property Management Inc | | 5/2/2023 | | (24,681.37) |\n| Total - Payments to 3 Columbus Circle LLC | | | | | (254,651.08) |\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多勾选五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1，第一备选诉因为2，第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产交付\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益从属\n□\n81-债权或权益从属\nFRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e)\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送的请求或诉因作出裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 本案如涉及州法实体问题，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为FRCP 23项下集体诉讼，请勾选\n请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所依据的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下形成一项“破产财团”，其中包括债务人的所有财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围极广且法院管辖权广泛，可能就破产财团的财产或财产权发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，即称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交过程中收集表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请完全按照起诉状所载方式填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请为原告在第一栏勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，必须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院 Connecticut District of Connecticut（康涅狄格联邦地区）Bridgeport Division（布里奇波特分部）\n\nx\n\n关于：\n: 第11章\n:\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）,\n等人，\n: 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n:\n债务人。\n:\n: （联合管理）\n\nx\n:\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n:\n受托人，\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n诉\n:\n: 对抗程序编号 [ ]\n: February 11, 2024\n3 COLUMBUS CIRCLE LLC（三哥伦布圆环有限责任公司），\n\n被告。\n:\nx\n\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549和550条寻求撤销及追回申请日后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（下称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（下称“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（下称“受托人”）的身份，针对被告 3 Columbus Circle LLC（三哥伦布圆环有限责任公司）（下称“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（下称“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 及 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知及通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后实施、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（下称“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财团财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其自我替身空壳公司 HCHK Property Management, Inc.（“HCHK Property”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $254,651.08 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等申请日后的破产财团财产转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可根据《破产法典》第549和550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本法院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约有限责任公司，其营业地点位于 3 Columbus Circle, Suite 2300, New York, New York 10019-8760。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（下称“申请日”）在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格联邦地区破产法院）（下称“本法院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交依据《破产法典》《美国法典》第11编第11章请求救济的申请，从而启动上述标题所示第11章案件（下称“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，其财产清单并未披露债务人通过其众多自我替身空壳公司（包括 HCHK Property）持有和转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，本法院作出裁判备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。依该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。于 July 8, 2022，本法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案件，Docket No. 78）。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. HCHK Property 是债务人为欺诈其债权人而使用的众多自我替身空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，使用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、花费和转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起若干对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其自我替身，及/或该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平所有在内的目的；在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准许该等救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权及支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其自我替身，包括 HCHK Property，当作个人钱袋使用，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时\n\n3 在对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），Docket No. 139）中，已对 HCHK Property 作出缺席判决；该对抗程序寻求的救济包括确认 HCHK Property 系债务人的自我替身。受托人通过援引将其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉状（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013，Docket No. 1）纳入本文。\n\n4 这些对立程序包括如下案件：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资〈美国〉有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭梅）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK技术公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n通过这些另我实体向其债权人隐匿资产，并妨碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些另我实体的财产，包括 HCHK Property（HCHK财产），在申请日之前始终属于债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的壳公司把戏及欺诈行为在申请后继续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 HCHK Property，均成为债务人第11章破产财团的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》所承担的义务，继续通过众多另我壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 HCHK Property。\n\n19. 这些申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未经《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告作出的转让\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人通过包括 HCHK Property 在内的壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财团的财产（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n21. 在转让时，债务人对债务人财团的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告系该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法》第549条和第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n23. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至22段所载指控，如同在此全文列明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其另我壳公司 HCHK Property 作出转让。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财团财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让，或其价值，以及截至付款日的利息和本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分故意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $254,651.08 的该等转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人财团利益向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人判给自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在具体情况下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分故意留白]\n\n日期：February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ _Douglas Skalka_____*_____* Douglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 HCHK Property Management Inc（HCHK物业管理公司） 5/26/2022 $ (24,681.37)\n2 HCHK Property Management Inc 7/8/2022 (24,681.37)\n3 HCHK Property Management Inc 8/2/2022 (24,681.37)\n4 HCHK Property Management Inc 9/1/2022 (4,594.23)\n5 HCHK Property Management Inc 10/3/2022 (24,681.37)\n6 HCHK Property Management Inc 11/2/2022 (24,681.37)\n7 HCHK Property Management Inc 11/9/2022 (2,031.45)\n8 HCHK Property Management Inc 12/2/2022 (24,681.37)\n9 HCHK Property Management Inc 2/7/2023 (24,812.02)\n10 HCHK Property Management Inc 3/7/2023 (25,762.42)\n11 HCHK Property Management Inc 4/4/2023 (24,681.37)\n12 HCHK Property Management Inc 5/2/2023 (24,681.37)\n合计－向 3 Columbus Circle LLC（哥伦布圆环3号有限责任公司）支付的款项 (254,651.08)\n\n附表A","key_entities":["HCHK","Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2844,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:13:43"}