{"id":"court_ctb_2725_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2725,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
□ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23
Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x
: |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v.
FAY YE, | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
:
:
:
:
February 11, 2024
:
: |\n| | Defendant. | :
: |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Fay Ye (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GClub International Limited (\"GClub\") transferred funds in the amount of \\$110,000.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual residing at 319 Cumberland Road, South Orange, New Jersey 07079.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GClub.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. GClub is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GClub, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GClub, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GClub was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nassets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos , including GClub, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GClub, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GClub.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including GClub, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n## **FIRSTCLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alterego shell company, GClub.\n\n25. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$110,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗性诉讼封面\n（背面说明） 对抗性诉讼案号\n（仅供法院填写）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如知悉）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产署主管\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产署主管\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉讼理由\n（请简要陈述诉讼理由，包括涉及的所有美国法律法规）\n诉讼性质\n（在最多五（5）个方框内按顺序编号，主要诉讼理由填 1，第一备选理由填 2，第二备选理由填 3，以此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回款项/财产\n□ 11-追回款项/财产 - §542 财产交还\n□ 12-追回款项/财产 - §547 优惠性清偿\n□ 13-追回款项/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□ 14-追回款项/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□ 61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭抚养费\n□ 68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意与恶意损害\n□ 63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□ 64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭抚养费除外）\n□ 65-可免责性 - 其他\n21-留置权或财产中其他权益的有效性、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□ 31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4) – 异议/撤销免责 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□ 71-禁令救济 – 实施中止令\n□ 72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□ 41-异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e)\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□ 51-撤销确认 □ 81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(9) 宣告性判决\n□ 91-宣告性判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□ 66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□ 62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、实际欺诈\n□ 67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵吞公款、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 被移送诉讼之裁定\n□ 01-被移送主张或事由之裁定\n其他\n□ SS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□ 02-其他（例如，若非因破产案件本应向州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 □ 如声称属于 FRCP 23 项下的集体诉讼，请勾选\n诉讼标的金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n产生本对抗性诉讼的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件案号\n案件未决的地区 法庭分部 法官姓名\n关联对抗性诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗性诉讼案号\n对抗性诉讼未决的地区 法庭分部 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）印刷体姓名\n说明\n\n破产案件的申请在破产法院的管辖下创设了一个包含债务人所有财产（无论该财产位于何处）的“破产财产（estate）”。鉴于破产财产范围极为广泛且法院管辖权极其宽泛，可能产生涉及破产财产或财产权利的诉讼。亦可能产生有关债务人免责的诉讼。若在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则被称为对抗性诉讼（adversary proceeding）。\n\n提起对抗性诉讼的当事人还必须填写并提交表格 1040 即对抗性诉讼封面，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件归档系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗性诉讼。（CM/ECF 在归档流程中会收集表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完毕后，该封面汇总了该对抗性诉讼的基本信息。法院书记官需要这些信息来处理对抗性诉讼并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n本封面及其包含的信息不替代亦不补充法律、破产诉讼规则或法院本地规则所要求的诉讼文书或其他文件的归档与送达。本封面主要为自明性质，必须由原告律师（或在原告无律师代理时由原告本人）填写。每提交一份起诉状，均必须向书记官提交单独的封面。\n\n原告与被告。请准确按起诉状上所载名称填写原告与被告姓名/名称。\n\n律师。如知悉，请提供律师姓名及地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适用的方框，在第二栏中为被告勾选最适用的方框。\n\n诉讼标的金额。请输入起诉状中请求的金钱数额。\n\n签名。本封面必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签名。若原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该律所的一名成员签名。若原告为亲自诉讼（pro se，即无律师代理），则必须由原告本人签名。\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格区破产法院布里奇波特分庭）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等， :\n:\n案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n:\n（合并审理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第 11 章受托人，\n原告， x\nv.\nFAY YE（叶飞），\n被告。 :\n\n对抗性诉讼案号 [ ]\n\n2024年2月11日\n:\n:\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条请求撤销及追回申请后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以在 Ho Wan Kwok（债务人或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，针对被告 Fay Ye（“被告”）提起本对抗性起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 这些第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称为郭文贵、Miles Guo 及 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多化名）（税号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为：Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok（仅用于接收通知和联络）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗性诉讼，旨在撤销并追回债务人在本第 11 章案件启动后实施的、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“《破产法典》”）授权的属于债务人第 11 章破产财产的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其兼备自我的空壳公司 GClub International Limited（“GClub”），在申请日（定义见本文）后将金额为 \\$110,000.00 的资金转让给了作为最初受让人的被告。\n\n3. 由于这些破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条之规定，该等转让应当予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权与审理地\n\n4. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗性诉讼享有事物管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗性诉讼已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送至本法院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人是依据破产法院于 2022年7月8日 作出的裁定 [案号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷号 523] 在本第 11 章案件中担任的第 11 章受托人。\n\n8. 被告为居住在 319 Cumberland Road, South Orange, New Jersey 07079 的个人。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 2022年2月15日（“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格区破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交了依据《破产法典》第 11 章寻求救济的申请，从而启动了本第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 2022年3月21日，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命任何审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于 2022年3月 向破产法院提交的破产财产明细表声称其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并背负了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其明细表未披露债务人通过其包括 GClub 在内的众多兼备自我空壳公司持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 2022年6月15日，破产法院作出一份判决备忘录及裁定 [主案案卷号 465]，责令美国受托人在本第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。依据该裁定，美国受托人选任 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。2022年7月8日，破产法院作出准予任命 Luc A. Despins 为本第 11 章案件受托人的裁定 [主案案卷号 523]。\n\n2 资产与负债明细表，第 1 页 [主案案卷号 78]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗性诉讼\n\n13. GClub 属于债务人用来阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多兼备自我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳骗局”，利用由家族成员、亲信和/或下属名义上持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这场空壳骗局使债务人能够使用、挥霍和/或转让数以百万美元计的现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在本第 11 章案件中提起了若干起对抗性诉讼，以确立（其中包括）债务人的空壳公司系其兼备自我，和/或该等公司及其资产由债务人享有衡平法上的所有权，且在若干起此类对抗性诉讼中，破产法院已准予了该等救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终涉及：(i) 由直系亲属和/或下属持有的债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价向空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从中获益并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将包括 GClub 在内的兼备自我实体用作个人存钱罐，为其自身及家族已习以为常的奢靡生活提供资金，同时隐瞒\n\n3 受托人已经或即刻将对 GClub 提起对抗性诉讼，该对抗性诉讼请求（其中包括）确认 GClub 系债务人的兼备自我的宣告性判决。受托人在此援引并纳入受托人在该对抗性诉讼中提交的起诉状。\n\n4 其中包括以下对抗性诉讼程序：（i）Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章破产受托人卢克·A·德斯平斯）诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC 等[对抗性诉讼案号 22-05003]；（ii）第11章破产受托人卢克·A·德斯平斯诉 Greenwich Land LLC 等[对抗性诉讼案号 23-05005]；（iii）第11章破产受托人卢克·A·德斯平斯诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[对抗性诉讼案号 23-05008]；（iv）第11章破产受托人卢克·A·德斯平斯诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc. 等[对抗性诉讼案号 23-05013]；（v）第11章破产受托人卢克·A·德斯平斯诉 Taurus Fund LLC 等[对抗性诉讼案号 23-05017]；（vi）第11章破产受托人卢克·A·德斯平斯诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（源泉（纽约）有限公司）[对抗性诉讼案号 23-05018]；以及（vii）第11章破产受托人卢克·A·德斯平斯诉 Lamp Capital LLC 等[对抗性诉讼案号 23-05023]。\n\n在这些另我（alter egos）中向其债权人隐匿资产，并阻碍与拖延债权人就其债权获得受偿。债务人通过这些另我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些另我（包括 GClub）的财产在申请日之前的所有时间内均为债务人的财产。\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏与欺诈在申请后继续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我（包括 GClub）持有的所有财产均成为第11章破产财产。参见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法典》项下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GClub。\n\n19. 这些申请后的转让均未获得破产法院的授权，亦未根据《破产法典》获得授权。\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 申请日之后，债务人通过包括 GClub 在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，将债务人第11章破产财产转移给被告（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下内容：\n\n参见随附于此并构成本文一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿的义务。\n\n22. 被告是该转让的最初受让人。\n第一项诉讼请求\n（根据《破产法典》第549条和第550(a)条撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让的请求）\n\n23. 受托人重复并重新主张第1至22段中包含的主张，如同在此处完整载明一样。\n\n24. 该转让是由债务人向被告做出的，包括通过其另我空壳公司 GClub。\n\n25. 该转让发生在申请日之后。\n\n26. 该转让未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n27. 该转让构成了对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权的转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法典》第549(a)条，该转让可予以撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法典》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该转让或其价值，外加截至支付之日的利息以及本诉讼的费用。\n救济请求\n\n为此，基于上述理由，受托人恭请法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 一项裁定：（a）宣告根据《破产法典》第549条撤销金额不少于 $110,000.00 的转让；（b）命令撤销该转让；以及（c）根据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，由受托人选择从被告处追回该转让或其价值；\n\n2. 判令按法定最高利率向受托人支付自本起诉书提交之日起至本案判决之日止的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在有关情况下认为公正、适当或公平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页余下部分有意留白]\n\n日期：2024年2月11日 康涅狄格州纽黑文（New Haven, CT）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n附表 A\n\n封存提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2529,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 13:50:50"}