{"id":"court_ctb_2727_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2727,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-11","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
□ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23
Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | : | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|------------------------------|\n| In re: | : | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| LAWRENCE RIVER, | :
:
:
: | February 11, 2024 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant.
:
: | x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Lawrence River (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, Rule of Law Foundation III Inc. (\"ROL III\") and Rule of Law Society IV Inc. (\"ROL IV\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$150,800.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual residing at 22 Creek Valley Lane, Markham, Ontario, L6C 0Y7, Canada.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including ROL III and ROL IV.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n# **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n13. ROL III and ROL IV are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including ROL III and ROL IV, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against ROL IV and ROL III, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that ROL IV and ROL III are the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nconcealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including ROL III and ROL IV, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including ROL III and ROL IV, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, ROL III and ROL IV.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies, ROL III and ROL IV, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n5\n\n## **FIRSTCLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell companies, ROL III and ROL IV.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$150,800.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 11, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2727 Filed 02/11/24 Entered 02/11/24 17:29:19 Page 11 of 11\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040 (表格 1040) (12/15)\n\n对抗性诉讼封面\n（说明见反面） 对抗性诉讼案号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如知悉）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产行政官\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产行政官\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉由\n（简要书写诉由陈述，包括涉及的所有美国成文法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五 (5) 个方框编号，主要诉由填 1，第一备选诉由填 2，第二备选诉由填 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回款项/财产\n□\n11-追回款项/财产 - §542 移交财产\n□\n12-追回款项/财产 - §547 偏颇性清偿\n□\n13-追回款项/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回款项/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、顺位或范围\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭抚养费\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的伤害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居债务\n（家庭抚养费除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\n21-财产留置权或其他权益的有效性、顺位或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4) – 异议/撤销免责 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令性救济\n□\n71-禁令性救济 – 施加中止令\n□\n72-禁令性救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 主张或权益的顺位劣后\n□\n41-异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e)\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □\n81-主张或权益的顺位劣后\nFRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉判决\n□\n91-确认之诉判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务主张\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受信人欺诈、侵吞、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 被移送诉讼的判定\n□\n01-被移送主张或诉由的判定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，若与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法的实质性问题请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判请勾选 □ 如声称为 FRCP 23 项下的集体诉讼请勾选\n索赔金额 \\$\n寻求的其他救济\nB1040 (表格 1040) (12/15)\n\n引发本对抗性诉讼的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案号\n案件审理中所属地区 法庭分部 法官姓名\n相关对抗性诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗性诉讼案号\n对抗性诉讼审理中所属地区 法庭分部 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名（正楷印刷体）\n说明\n\n破产案件的申请在破产法院管辖权下设立了一个“破产财产（estate）”，由债务人的全部财产组成，无论该财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围极广且法院管辖权极其宽泛，可能会产生关于破产财产或财产权利的诉讼。也可能会产生关于债务人免责的诉讼。如果在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则称为对抗性诉讼（adversary proceeding）。\n\n提起对抗性诉讼的当事人还必须填写并提交表格 1040 即对抗性诉讼封面，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件立案系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗性诉讼。（CM/ECF 在立案过程中会采集表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完成后，封面汇总了对抗性诉讼的基本信息。法院书记官需要该信息来处理对抗性诉讼并编制有关法院活动的法定统计报告。\n\n封面及其包含的信息不能替代或补充法律、破产规则或法院本地规则所要求的诉答文书或其他文件的提交与送达。该封面基本上一目了然，必须由原告律师（若原告未聘请律师代理，则由原告本人）填写。每提交一份起诉状，必须向书记官提交单独一份封面。\n\n原告与被告。准确按照起诉状上出现的名称填写原告和被告的姓名/名称。\n\n律师。如知悉，填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。第一栏为原告勾选最合适的一项，第二栏为被告勾选最合适的一项。\n\n索赔金额。填写起诉状中所索赔的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的框内签名。如果原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该律所的一名成员签名。如果原告是自行辩护（pro se），即未由律师代理，则必须由原告本人签名。\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格区破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- : x\n\n关于： : Chapter 11（第 11 章）\n\nHO WAN KWOK,\net al., :\n: 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （合并审理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11\nTRUSTEE,\nv. :\n:\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n: x\n对抗性诉讼案号 [ ]\nLAWRENCE RIVER, :\n:\n:\n: 2024年2月11日\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。\n:\n: x\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条寻求撤销并追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵，即“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中被任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告 Lawrence River（“被告”）提起本对抗性诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 这些第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵，亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（纳税人识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（纳税人识别号后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok（仅用于接收通知和通信）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗性诉讼，旨在撤销并追回债务人第 11 章破产财产的转让，该转让系由债务人在本第 11 章案件启动后实施，且未经破产法院或 Title 11 of the United States Code（《美国法典》第 11 编，即《破产法典》）授权。\n\n2. 债务人通过其人格混同的空壳公司 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc.（“ROL III”）和 Rule of Law Society IV Inc.（“ROL IV”），在申请日（定义见下文）之后向作为最初受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$150,800.00 的资金。\n\n3. 由于这些对破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条，该等转让应予以撤销并追回。\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)，本法院对本对抗性诉讼享有标的管辖权。\n\n5. 依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a)，本对抗性诉讼已被移送至本法院。\n\n6. 本文所寻求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条。\n当事人\n\n7. 依据破产法院于 2022年7月8日 作出的裁定 [案号 22-50073（“主案”）诉讼记录编号 523]，受托人为第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人。\n8. 被告为自然人，居住于 22 Creek Valley Lane, Markham, Ontario, L6C 0Y7, Canada。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 2022年2月15日（“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格区破产法院，即“破产法院”）提交了《破产法典》第 11 章项下的自愿救济申请书，从而启动了本第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 2022年3月21日，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 2022年3月 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单中，声称其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未能披露债务人通过其众多人格混同的空壳公司（包括 ROL III 和 ROL IV）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 2022年6月15日，破产法院作出一份裁决备忘录及裁定 [主案诉讼记录编号 465]，指示美国受托人在本第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。依据该裁定，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。2022年7月8日，破产法院作出裁定，准予任命 Luc A. Despins 为本第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案诉讼记录编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗性诉讼\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页 [主案诉讼记录编号 78]。\n\n13. ROL III 和 ROL IV 属于债务人用来阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多人格混同的空壳公司。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳把戏”，利用由家族成员、主要副手和/或下属名义拥有，但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人能够在向债权人隐瞒其财产的同时，使用、消费和/或转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产。\n\n14. 自任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起了多起对抗性诉讼，除其他事项外，旨在确立债务人的空壳公司为其人格混同实体，和/或此类公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有，并且在其中几起对抗性诉讼中，破产法院已经准予了此类救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的和/或在各空壳实体之间及向空壳实体无偿转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益并对其实施控制和支配。\n\n16. 债务人还将包括 ROL III 和 ROL IV 在内的人格混同实体作为个人存钱罐，为其自身及家人早已习惯的挥霍生活方式提供资金，同时\n\n3 受托人已经或即刻将对 ROL IV 和 ROL III 提起对抗性诉讼，该对抗性诉讼除其他事项外，寻求关于 ROL IV 和 ROL III 为债务人人格混同实体的确认之诉判决。受托人特此援引纳入受托人在此类对抗性诉讼中提交的起诉状。\n\n4 包括以下对抗性诉讼程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章破产受托人 诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等 [对抗性诉讼案号：22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章破产受托人 诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林威治土地有限责任公司）等 [对抗性诉讼案号：23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章破产受托人 诉 Mei Guo（郭美） [对抗性诉讼案号：23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章破产受托人 诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技有限公司）等 [对抗性诉讼案号：23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章破产受托人 诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [对抗性诉讼案号：23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章破产受托人 诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉（纽约）有限公司） [对抗性诉讼案号：23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章破产受托人 诉 Lamp Capital LLC（神灯资本有限责任公司）等 [对抗性诉讼案号：23-05023]。\n\n在这些第二自我实体中向其债权人隐匿财产，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得受偿。债务人通过这些第二自我实体进行的转让使债务人的欺诈计划得以延续。这些第二自我实体的财产，包括 ROL III 和 ROL IV，在申请日之前的任何时候均属于债务人的财产。\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏与欺诈在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其第二自我实体（包括 ROL III 和 ROL IV）持有的所有财产均已成为债务人第11章破产财团的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然漠视破产法院以及其在《破产法典》（Bankruptcy Code）项下的义务，继续通过众多第二自我空壳公司（包括但不限于 ROL III 和 ROL IV）进行财产转让。\n\n19. 上述破产后转让均未获得破产法院的授权，亦未根据《破产法典》获得授权。\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 ROL III 和 ROL IV，将债务人第11章破产财团的财产转让给被告（统称“上述转让”），包括但不限于以下转让：\n\n见本诉状所附并构成本诉状一部分的附表A。\n\n21. 在发生上述转让时，债务人对债务人破产财团的债权人负有未清偿的债务。\n\n22. 被告为上述转让的最初受让人。\n\n第一项诉讼请求\n（根据《破产法典》第549条和第550(a)条撤销并追回未经授权的破产后转让之请求）\n\n23. 受托人在此重申并再次主张第1至22段中所述的主张，如同在此处完整陈述一样。\n\n24. 上述转让系由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其第二自我空壳公司 ROL III 和 ROL IV 作出。\n\n25. 上述转让发生在申请日之后。\n\n26. 上述转让未获得破产法院或《破产法典》的授权。\n\n27. 上述转让构成了对债务人第11章破产财团财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法典》第549(a)条，上述转让属于可撤销的转让。\n\n29. 根据《破产法典》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回上述转让的财产或其价值，外加截至付款之日的利息以及本诉讼的费用。\n救济请求\n\n为此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 一项命令，(a) 宣布根据《破产法典》第549条撤销金额不少于 $150,800.00 的上述转让；以及 (b) 指示撤销上述转让的命令；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财团的利益，由受托人选择从被告处追回上述转让的财产或其等值价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决作出之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在此情形下认为公正、适当或公平的该等其他及进一步的救济。\n\n[本页其余部分故意留白]\n\n日期：2024年2月11日 康涅狄格州纽黑文（New Haven, CT）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章破产受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka_____\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章破产受托人之代理律师\n\n案号 22-50073 文件 2727 提交日期 02/11/24 录入日期 02/11/24 17:29:19 第 11 页，共 11 页\n附表A\n密封归档","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2601,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-11 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-11","updated_at":"2026-08-23 13:50:25"}