{"id":"court_ctb_2737_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2737,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE
NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| | | RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [
]
February
12, 2024 |\n| ASAP
SRL,
----------------------------------------------------------- | :
:
:
Defendant.
: | x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS, POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant ASAP SRL (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, GFNY Inc. (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$64,209.85 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n4. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GFNY, transferred funds in the amount of \\$205,992.29 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n2\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 [2](#page-4-0) or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is a foreign corporation with offices located at Via A. Ressi, 23, Milan, Italy 20125.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y Debt. & Cred. Law sections 275, 273a, 275, 276, and 278.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities[.](#page-5-0)3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GFNY.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. GFNY is one of the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.[4](#page-5-1) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n4 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GFNY, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GFNY was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\ncompanies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.[5](#page-6-0)\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n18. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GFNY, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n## **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n19. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.[6](#page-6-1)\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n20. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor[7](#page-7-0) , led by the Debtor[8](#page-7-1) and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.[9](#page-7-2)\n\n21. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.[10](#page-7-3)\n\n22. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in post-\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\njudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.[11](#page-8-0) The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.[12](#page-8-1)\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"[13](#page-8-2)\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n## **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n28. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GFNY, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n29. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n## **F. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n35. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell company, GFNY, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n36. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company, GFNY, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n37. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer and the Postpetition Transfers (collectively,\n\nthe \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n38. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n39. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n40. The Prepetition Transfer was made by the Debtor through his alter ego, GFNY, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n41. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n42. The Prepetition Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n43. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n44. The Prepetition Transfer was made by the Debtor, through his alter ego, GFNY, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n45. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfer is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n46. The Prepetition Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Postpetition Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, GFNY.\n\n49. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n50. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n51. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n52. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n53. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally blank]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfer in an amount not less than \\$64,209.85 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfer in an amount not less than \\$64,209.85 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$205,992.29 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n13\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2737 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 10:48:05 Page 17 of 18\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|------------------------------|------------|-------------------|\n| 1 | GFNY Inc | 11/19/2021 | \\$
(64,209.85) |\n| | Total - Payments to ASAP SRL | | \\$
(64,209.85) |\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2737 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 10:48:05 Page 18 of 18\n\n#### **SCHEDULE B**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|------------------------------|-----------|--------------------|\n| 1 | GFNY Inc | 4/7/2022 | \\$
(153,881.99) |\n| 2 | GFNY Inc | 4/11/2022 | (52,110.30) |\n| | Total - Payments to ASAP SRL | | \\$
(205,992.29) |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（请简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法典条款）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1、第一个备选诉因为2、第二个备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产追偿\n□\n11-金钱/财产追偿 - §542 财产交还\n□\n12-金钱/财产追偿 - §547 偏颇性清偿\n□\n13-金钱/财产追偿 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-金钱/财产追偿 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施停止令\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 请求权或权益的劣后顺位\n□\n81-请求权或权益的劣后顺位\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务请求权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送请求权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 $\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件正在审理的地区 分院办公室\n法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序正在审理的地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立一项“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能存在涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交第1040号表格，即《对抗程序封面页》，但该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗程序的除外。（CM/ECF在提交过程中获取第1040号表格中的信息。）填写完成后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制有关法院活动的必要统计报告。\n\n该封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规要求提交及送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均必须向书记官另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列原告及被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请为原告在第一栏中勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏中勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\n康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n： 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 ：\n：\n：\n：\n原告，\n：\n：\n：\n： x\n对抗程序编号 [\n]\n2024年\n2月\n12日\nASAP\nSRL（ASAP有限责任公司），\n\n被告。\n： x\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第544、548、549及550条和《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条寻求撤销及追回欺诈性转让、申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以获指定担任Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告ASAP SRL（“被告”）提交本对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo及Miles Kwok，以及多个其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为：Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财团受托人（仅为通知及通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回：(a) 本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；及(b) 本第11章案件开始后对债务人第11章破产财团财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司GFNY Inc.（“GFNY”），于申请日（定义如下）前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为$64,209.85的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，且其作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n4. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司GFNY，于申请日（定义如下）后向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为$205,992.29的资金。\n\n5. 由于该等对破产财团财产的申请后转让未经法院或破产法典授权，故其可根据破产法典第549条及第550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n6. 本院依据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序享有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗程序已根据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本院审理。\n\n8. 本文所寻求救济的法定依据包括破产法典11 U.S.C. §§ 544、548、549和550，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274和276条[2]，或任何其他适用的等同州法。\n\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，系根据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的裁定[案件编号22-50073（“主案件”）卷宗编号523]担任该职。\n\n10. 被告是一家外国公司，其办公室位于Via A. Ressi, 23, Milan, Italy 20125。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n11. 债务人于February 15, 2022在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“本院”或“破产法院”）根据破产法典《美国法典》第11编第11章自愿提交救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所列第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n12. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中指定了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未指定审查员。\n\n2 对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用，下文均称为“《纽约州债务与债权人法》”。New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act（纽约州统一可撤销交易法）（“NYUVT”）取代了New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act（纽约州统一欺诈性让与法）（“NYUFC”），并于April 4, 2020生效，适用于在April 4, 2020当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于April 4, 2020之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中依据NYUFC及《纽约州债务与债权人法》第275、273a、275、276及278条寻求救济。\n\n13. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称其拥有$3,850资产，并承担了数亿美元负债[.]3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括GFNY）持有及转让的财产。\n\n14. 于June 15, 2022，本院作出裁判备忘录及命令[主案件卷宗编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中指定一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，本院作出裁定，批准指定Luc A. Despins担任第11章案件的受托人[主案件卷宗编号523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. GFNY是债务人用于欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。[4] 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，使用由家庭成员及下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出及转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n16. 自获指定以来，受托人在第11章案件中已提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在其中若干案件中，破产法院已授予该等救济。[5]\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\n18. 债务人还将其另我实体（包括 GFNY）用作个人钱袋，在将该等另我实体中的资产向其债权人隐瞒，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿的同时，为其本人及其家人已习以为常的奢华生活方式提供资金。债务人通过该等另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。包括 GFNY 在内的该等另我实体的财产，在破产申请日前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n19. 除受托人对抗诉讼中所处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（Ace Decade Limited）（并通过其成为 Dawn State Limited（Dawn State Limited））的受益所有人，且债务人控制并使用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王雁平）。[6]\n\n5 该等对抗诉讼包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments（USA）Limited, LLC）等 [对抗诉讼编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林威治地产有限责任公司）等 [对抗诉讼编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[对抗诉讼编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK Technologies, Inc.）等 [对抗诉讼编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [对抗诉讼编号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（Golden Spring（New York）Limited）[对抗诉讼编号 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司）等 [对抗诉讼编号 23-05023]。\n\n6 准许动议、认定债务人藐视公司治理命令的裁定，第¶¶ 1、4段（Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“公司治理藐视法庭裁定”））。\n\n20. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities（G实体）”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他名义上独立的实体和组织，均受债务人控制[7]、由债务人领导[8]，和/或服务于债务人的“目的……并作为债务人的商业工具”。[9]\n\n21. 在破产申请日前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官（利曼法官）认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方盈利有限公司）——一家在转让给债务人的女儿之前原由债务人一名厨师拥有的实体——“实质上是”债务人的“一家空壳公司”。[10]\n\n22. 债务人为阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，有限合伙）（“PAX”）的追偿工作，已竭尽全力。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）起诉债务人，案号 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决书。2021年2月3日，PAX 获得纽约法院针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决书（“PAX判决书”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决书——包括 Lady May（“Lady May”号），债务人虚假声称该财产归其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓由信托为债务人的儿子持有。债务人在判决后程序中藐视纽约法院命令，最终导致债务人承担 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿其负债，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。[11] 债务人仅申报了 $3,850 的资产。[12]\n\n24. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，并在等待就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控接受审判期间持续被羁押。\n\n25. 在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中，United States Government（美国政府）主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，对超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱”。[13]\n\n26. 包括 GFNY 在内的债务人另我实体的财产，在破产申请日前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n27. 在与本案相关的所有期间，债务人在纽约州纽约市经营业务，包括指示实施本起诉状所涉的申请日前转让。\n\nD. 债务人的空壳把戏及欺诈在申请日后持续进行\n\n11 关于债务人请求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令的动议之听证会：(I) 授权债务人获得无担保、次级申请日后融资；(II) 安排临时及最终听证会；以及 (III) 准予相关救济（主案，April 27, 2022）\n\n12 见注3\n\n13 见 United States of America（美利坚合众国）反对被告 Yanping Wang（王雁平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页，该备忘录作为附件B附于第11章受托人就 G Club Operations LLC（G Club Operations LLC）对受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复（June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934）。\n\n28. 截至破产申请日，债务人通过其另我实体（包括 GFNY）持有的全部财产均成为债务人第11章破产财产的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n29. 在破产申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法典》承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GFNY。\n\n30. 该等申请日后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未根据《破产法典》获得授权。\n\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n31. 本起诉状所涉的转让（定义见下文）系出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出，因为该等转让均通过债务人作为其空壳把戏一部分而运营的另我空壳公司作出。\n\n32. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐瞒及耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称自己身无分文，却同时巨额支出，以维持其本人、其家人及密切关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n33. 债务人隐瞒及耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处获取的资金。由于该等行为，债务人面临在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决刑事案件中的多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美国诉郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n34. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐瞒及耗散其资产，将不会有足够资产剩余以偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然系出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n35. 在破产申请日前，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 GFNY 或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给被告（统称为“申请日前转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本起诉状一部分的附表A。\n\n36. 在破产申请日后，债务人通过其空壳公司 GFNY 或以其他方式，将债务人第11章破产财产的财产转让给被告（统称为“申请日后转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本起诉状一部分的附表B。\n\n37. 在申请日前转让及申请日后转让（统称为“转让”）发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n38. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(A)条及第550(a)条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n39. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至38段所载的指控，如同在此完整载明。\n\n40. 申请日前转让由债务人通过其另我实体 GFNY 作出，其具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n41. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其由下列事实表明：\n\na. 申请日前转让系使用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请日前转让被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，并在债务人的家人及其所控制的其他副手和下属的协助下实施，以试图隐瞒和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请日前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈中受益，同时不使其财产受到其债权人追索，促进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请日前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈中获利，同时不使其财产受到其债权人追索，促进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人无力清偿债务或资本不足。\n\n42. 申请日前转让可由受托人依据《破产法典》第548(a)(i)(A)条撤销，并可依据《破产法典》第550(a)条追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273、274及276条，以及《破产法典》第544(b)条及第550(a)条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n43. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至38段所载的指控，如同在此完整载明。\n\n44. 申请日前转让由债务人通过其另我实体 GFNY 作出，其具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n45. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其由下列事实表明：\n\na. 申请日前转让系使用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请日前转让被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，并在债务人的家人及其所控制的其他副手和下属的协助下实施，以试图隐瞒和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请日前转让通过使债务人从其欺诈中受益，同时不使其财产受到其债权人追索，促进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 破产申请前转移使债务人能够在不使其财产受到债权人追索的情况下从其欺诈行为中获利，从而进一步推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在破产申请前转移时，债务人正被起诉，包括PAX在PAX案中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在破产申请前转移时，债务人无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n46. 根据《纽约债务与债权人法》sections 273(a)(1)、274和276以及《破产法》section 544(b)，破产申请前转移可由受托人撤销，并可根据《破产法》section 550(a)予以追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据《破产法》sections 549和550(a)请求撤销并追回未经授权的破产申请后转移）\n\n47. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至38段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人向被告作出了破产申请后转移，包括通过其另我空壳公司GFNY。\n\n49. 破产申请后转移发生于申请日之后。\n\n50. 破产申请后转移未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n51. 破产申请后转移构成对债务人第11章破产财团财产的未经授权转移。\n\n52. 根据《破产法》section 549(a)，破产申请后转移可被撤销。\n\n53. 根据《破产法》section 550(a)，受托人有权向被告追回破产申请后转移，或其价值，并加计至付款之日的利息及本诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于\\$64,209.85的破产申请前转移根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(A)已被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该破产申请前转移；以及(c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财团之利益，向被告追回该破产申请前转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于\\$64,209.85的破产申请前转移根据《破产法》section 544(b)及《纽约债务与债权人法》sections 273(a)(2)、274和276已被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该破产申请前转移；以及(c) 根据《纽约债务与债权人法》section 276及《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财团之利益，向被告追回该破产申请前转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于\\$205,992.29的破产申请后转移根据《破产法》section 549已被撤销；以及(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等破产申请后转移；以及(c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财团之利益，向被告追回该等破产申请后转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按法定最高利率向受托人支付判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第11章受托人的代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2737 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 10:48:05 Page 17 of 18\n\n附件A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 GFNY Inc 11/19/2021 \\$\n(64,209.85)\n\n合计－向ASAP SRL支付的款项 \\$\n(64,209.85)\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2737 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 10:48:05 Page 18 of 18\n\n附件B\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 GFNY Inc 4/7/2022 \\$\n(153,881.99)\n\n2 GFNY Inc 4/11/2022 (52,110.30)\n\n合计－向ASAP SRL支付的款项 \\$\n(205,992.29)","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4593,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:26:44"}