{"id":"court_ctb_2744_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2744,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | Flat Rate Movers, Ltd | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor | □ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor | □ Other | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and
related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□ | □
□ | 61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | |\n| 12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer | □ | 68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan | | |\n| □
14-Recovery of money/property - other | □ | 64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | |\n| | | (other than domestic support) | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □ | 65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| | | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□ | □
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay | | | |\n| 31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □ | 72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | 81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation | | | | |\n| □
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability | | | | |\n| □
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims | □ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | |\n| □
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | | | | |\n| actual fraud
□ | Other
□ | | | |\n| 67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | □ | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | |\n| (continued next column) | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2024 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| | | Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
:
: |\n| | :
:
February 12, 2024 |\n| FLAT RATE MOVERS, LTD. | :
: |\n| Defendant.
----------------------------------------------------------- | :
:
x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Flat Rate Movers, Ltd. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, Golden Spring (New York) Ltd., (\"Golden Spring\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$100,775.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant, as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York corporation with an address at 27 Bruckner Blvd., 2 nd Floor, Bronx, New York 10454.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the abovecaptioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Golden Spring.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n13. Golden Spring is one of numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—much of which the Debtor obtained through his fraudulent investment and cryptocurrency schemes—while concealing this property from his creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n3 The Court has entered judgment to the effect that Golden Spring was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018 (the \"Golden Spring A.P.\"), Docket No. 35). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Golden Spring A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Golden Spring, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Golden Spring, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Golden Spring, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to perpetrate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Golden Spring.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Golden Spring, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, Golden Spring.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of an interest in property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$100,775.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n#### [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2744 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 11:12:19 Page 11 of 11\n\n# **SCHEDULE A FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 Flat Rate Movers, Ltd.（平价搬家公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址和电话号码） 律师（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙泰思律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一项） 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人 □ 债务人 □ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人 □ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因 （简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回破产申请日后转让\n及相关救济的起诉书\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因为1，第一个备选诉因为2，第二个备选诉因为3，依此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□ □\n□ 61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先清偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让 □ 68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他 □ 64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 □ 65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□ □\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共有人的财产 - §363(h) □ 72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 异议/撤销免责 FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ 81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权 □ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01-对被移送的债权或诉因的裁定\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□ 其他\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 □ SS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02-其他（例如，原本会在州法院提起的其他诉讼\n（续见下一栏） 如与破产案件无关）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉书中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n所请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分院 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分院 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2024 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nDouglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n破产案件的提出，产生一个受破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，其包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提出对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交过程中采集表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息，不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉书均须向书记官另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请完全按照起诉书中的名称列明原告和被告。\n\n律师。如已知，请列明律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填入起诉书中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT（美国破产法院）DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT（康涅狄格州地区）BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n：\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉 x\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\nFLAT RATE MOVERS, LTD.（平价搬家公司） ：\n\n被告。\n\nx\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回破产申请日后转让和相关救济的起诉书\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其作为在Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“郭文贵”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告Flat Rate Movers, Ltd.（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉书（“起诉书”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（又称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo和Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC和Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财团受托人的Luc A. Despins（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后实施的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财团财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其替身空壳公司Golden Spring (New York) Ltd.（“Golden Spring”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为\\$100,775.00的资金。\n\n3. 因该等破产申请日后的破产财团财产转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括11 U.S.C. §§ 549和550。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人根据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令，担任第11章案件中的第11章受托人[案件编号22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约公司，地址为27 Bruckner Blvd., 2nd Floor, Bronx, New York 10454。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州地区美国破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章寻求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而开始上述标题所列第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有\\$3,850的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实债务深重，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多替身空壳公司，包括Golden Spring，持有和转移的财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录和命令[主案件案卷编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins担任第11章案件中的受托人[主案件案卷编号523]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案件，案卷编号78）。\n\n13. Golden Spring是债务人用以欺诈其债权人的众多替身空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳戏法”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上受债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳戏法使债务人能够使用、支出和转移数百万美元现金及其他资产——其中大部分是债务人通过其欺诈性投资和加密货币计划取得的——同时向其债权人隐瞒该等财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人在第11章案件中已提起多起对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司是其替身和/或该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平拥有在内的目的；在数起对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 以来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及(iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n3 法院已作出判决，认定Golden Spring是债务人的替身。参见Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（对抗程序编号23-5018（“Golden Spring对抗程序”），案卷编号35）。受托人将其在Golden Spring对抗程序中提交的起诉书（对抗程序编号23-5018，案卷编号1）通过援引方式纳入本文。\n\n4 这些对抗程序包括以下各案：(i) Luc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资〔美国〕有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭美）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n16. 债务人还将其替身实体，包括 Golden Spring，作为个人提款机，用于资助其本人及其家人已习以为常的奢华生活方式，同时将资产隐匿于这些替身实体中以逃避其债权人，并妨碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过这些替身实体实施的转移延续了债务人的欺诈计划。在申请日之前的任何时候，这些替身实体的财产，包括 Golden Spring 的财产，均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的障眼法和欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的全部财产，包括 Golden Spring，均成为债务人第11章破产财团的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日后，债务人公然无视 Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）以及其在 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）项下的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于 Golden Spring。\n\n19. 这些申请后转移均未经破产法院授权，亦未获破产法授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转移\n\n20. 在申请日后，债务人通过包括 Golden Spring 在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转移了债务人第11章破产财团的财产（统称“转移”），包括但不限于以下各项：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n21. 在转移发生时，债务人对债务人财团的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告是该等转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n\n（根据破产法第549条和第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转移）\n\n23. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至22段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整载明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出了该等转移，包括通过其替身空壳公司 Golden Spring 作出转移。\n\n25. 该等转移发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转移未经破产法院或破产法授权。\n\n27. 该等转移构成对债务人第11章破产财团财产权益的未经授权转移。\n\n28. 根据破产法第549(a)条，该等转移可被撤销。\n\n29. 根据破产法第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转移，或其价值，并取得自该等转移发生之日起至付款日止的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $100,775.00 的该等转移根据破产法第549条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转移；及 (c) 根据破产法第550(a)(1)条，为债务人财团之利益，向被告追回该等转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：February 12, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2744 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 11:12:19 Page 11 of 11\n\n附件A\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2937,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:35:18"}