{"id":"court_ctb_2756_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2756,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | Li Sho Yo | | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers and postpetition transfers
and related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544,548, and 550 and New York Debtor and Creditor
Law Sections 273, 274, and 276 | | | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------|------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| Connecticut | | | Julie A. Manning | | | |\n| Bridgeport
RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | | | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas Skalka | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| DATE
PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | |\n| February 12, 2024 | | Douglas Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | 1 | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [
]
:
:
: |\n| LI SHO YO, | | :
February
12, 2024
: |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant. | :
:
:
x |\n| | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Li Sho Yo (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, G Club Operations LLC (\"G Club Operations\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$100,000.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548 and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 [2](#page-3-0) or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual with an address at Room 4-5-15-801, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities[.](#page-4-0)3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including G Club Operations.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11\n\nobligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\ntrustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. G Club Operations is one of the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. [4](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. [5](#page-5-1)\n\n4 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against G Club Operations, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that G Club Operations was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.[6](#page-6-0)\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor, [7](#page-6-1) led by the Debtor[8](#page-6-2) and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.[9](#page-6-3)\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally\n\n6 *Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order,* ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\nowned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.[10](#page-7-0)\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including G Club Operations, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.[11](#page-8-0) The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.[12](#page-8-1)\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"[13](#page-8-2)\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including G Club Operations, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the Transfer (as defined herein).\n\n#### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n26. The Transfer at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n27. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n28. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **E. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n30. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell companies including, G Club Operations, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant ( the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n31. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n32. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n33. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n34. The Transfer was made by the Debtor through his alter ego, G Club Operations, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n35. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in perpetrating the Transfer is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfer was effectuated using alter ego shell companies;\n\nb. The Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n36. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n9\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n37. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n38. The Transfer was made by the Debtor, through his alter ego companies, G Club Operations, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n39. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in perpetrating the\n\nTransfer is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Transfer was effectuated using alter ego shell companies;\n- b. The Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n- c. The Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the\n\naid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n40. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n41. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n42. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfer.\n\n43. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Transfer.\n\n44. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n45. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n46. The Transfer constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n**(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfer.\n\n49. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Transfer.\n\n50. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n51. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n52. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and is recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n12\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$100,000.00 is avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$100,000.00 is avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$100,000.00 is avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$100,000.00 is avoided pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value\n\n13\n\nthereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n6. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|-------------------------------|-----------|--------------------|\n| 1 | G Club Operations LLC | 4/28/2021 | \\$
(100,000.00) |\n| | Total - Payments to Li Sho Yo | | \\$
(100,000.00) |","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 Li Sho Yo（李绍佑）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因 （简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第544、548及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及申请后转让，并请求相关救济的诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因为1、第一替代诉因为2、第二替代诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1)－追回金钱/财产\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产移交\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 偏颇清偿\n□\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6)－可免责性（续）\n□\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意伤害\n□\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\n□\n65－可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) FRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4)－对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n81－债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6)－可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对被移送债权或诉因的裁定\nSS－SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02－其他（例如，与破产案件无关时本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体性争议，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如诉状请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件待决地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\nBridgeport（布里奇波特）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序待决地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas Skalka\n\n日期\n律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nFebruary 12, 2024 Douglas Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会产生由破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛，且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生涉及债务人免责的诉讼。该等诉讼如在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，但该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序的除外。（CM/ECF在提交过程中获取表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交及送达。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。准确列明原告和被告在诉状中所载的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，列明律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由表格第二页方框内的登记律师签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，必须由原告签署。\n\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n第11章\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， 1 ：\n：\n案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（吕克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n对抗程序编号：[\n]\n\nLI SHO YO（李绍佑）， ：\nFebruary\n12, 2024\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。 ：\n：\n：\nx\n\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第544、548及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯）以其作为Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告Li Sho Yo（李绍佑）（“被告”）提起本对抗性诉状（“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 该等第11章案件中的债务人是Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo和Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）以及Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为：Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财团的受托人（仅为通知及通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司G Club Operations LLC（“G Club Operations”），在申请日（定义见下文）之前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为\\$100,000.00的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，且作出该等转让的意图在于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。作为替代，该等转让构成推定欺诈性转让，因为作出该等转让时债务人已无清偿能力，且债务人未获得合理等值对价。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移送本法院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）第544、548及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条[2]，或任何其他适用的州法同等规定。\n\n2 以下对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代《纽约州统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”），并于April 4, 2020生效，适用于在April 4, 2020当日或之后作出的转让或产生的债务。对于April 4, 2020之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中依据NYUFC及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、273a、275、276及278条请求救济。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，系依据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令[Case No. 22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号523]任命。\n\n8. 被告为一名个人，其地址为Room 4-5-15-801, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022，在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）依据《美国法典》第11编第11章（“破产法典”）自愿提交救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所示第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有\\$3,850的资产，并已产生数亿美元负债[。]3 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括G Club Operations）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第1页[主案件卷编号78]。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，破产法院作出备忘录判决及命令[主案件卷编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯）担任第11章案件中的受托人[主案件卷编号523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. G Club Operations是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。[4] 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳把戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司为其另我和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有在内的目的；在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。[5]\n\n4 受托人已经或即将对 G Club Operations（G Club运营公司）提起对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出宣告性判决，确认 G Club Operations 是债务人的另一个自我。受托人在此通过援引方式并入受托人在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状。\n\n5 这些对抗程序包括如下案件：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（梅国）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 以来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购置，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人对抗程序中所涉及的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（以及通过该公司持有的 Dawn State Limited〔黎明州有限公司〕）的受益所有人，且债务人控制并使用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。[6]\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（G实体）（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均受债务人控制，[7] 由债务人领导[8]，和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业载体”。[9]\n\n18. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方盈利有限公司）——一家最初由债务人的一名厨师所有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——“实质上是”债务人的一家“空壳公司”。[10]\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n7 Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 Id. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 Id. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n19. 债务人竭尽全力阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，有限合伙企业）（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）对债务人提起诉讼，案号为 Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院获得针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX 试图通过查封债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（五月花号），债务人虚假声称该船由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓以信托形式为债务人的儿子持有。债务人在判决后程序中藐视纽约法院命令的行为，最终导致债务人被处以 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚金。\n\n20. 债务人还将其另一个自我，包括 G Club Operations，当作个人钱库，在将资产隐匿于这些另一个自我以躲避其债权人、并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿的同时，为其本人及家人已习惯的奢侈生活提供资金。债务人通过这些另一个自我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n21. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿其债务，其奢侈生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。[11] 债务人仅申报了 \\$3,850 的资产。[12]\n\n22. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，现正因包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控候审羁押。\n\n23. 美国政府在对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，对超过 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱”。[13]\n\n24. 债务人的另一个自我的财产，包括 G Club Operations 的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n25. 在与本案有关的所有期间内，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）开展业务，包括指示本案所定义的转让。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n26. 本起诉状所涉的转让均系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，原因在于该等转让均通过债务人的另一个自我空壳公司作出，而该等公司作为债务人空壳把戏的一部分运营。\n\n参见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n27. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，却同时大量支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及亲密关联人的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n28. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审理中的刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。参见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n29. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会有足够资产剩余以偿还其债权人——包括其欺诈行为的众多受害人。因此，该等转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\nE. 向被告作出的转让\n\n30. 在申请日之前，债务人通过其另一个自我空壳公司，包括 G Club Operations，或以其他方式，向被告转让债务人的财产（“该转让”），包括但不限于如下财产：\n\n参见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n31. 在该转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n32. 被告是该转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(A)条和第550(a)条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n33. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至32段所载指控，如同在本文件中完整列明。\n\n34. 债务人通过其另一个自我 G Club Operations 作出该转让时，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n35. 债务人在实施该转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由下列事实表明：\n\na. 该转让系使用另一个自我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该转让向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 该转让作为债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈中受益，而不使其财产受到债务人债权人追索，进一步助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受到债务人债权人追索，进一步助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该转让发生时，债务人正遭受诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该转让发生时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n36. 该转让可由受托人依据《破产法典》第548(a)(i)(A)条予以撤销，并可依据《破产法典》第550(a)条予以追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273、274和276条，以及《破产法典》第544(b)条和第550(a)条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n37. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至32段所载指控，如同在本文件中完整列明。\n\n38. 债务人通过其另一个自我公司 G Club Operations 作出该转让时，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n39. 债务人在实施该转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由下列事实表明：\n\na. 该转让系使用另一个自我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该转让向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 该转让作为债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈中受益，而不使其财产受到债务人债权人追索，进一步助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受到债务人债权人追索，进一步助长了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该转让发生时，债务人正遭受诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该转让发生时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n40. 该转让可由受托人依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273(a)(1)、274和276条以及《破产法典》第544(b)条予以撤销，并可依据《破产法典》第550(a)条予以追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(B)条和第550(a)条撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n41. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至32段所载指控，如同在本文件中完整列明。\n\n42. 债务人就该转让获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n43. 在该转让时，债务人资不抵债，或因该转让而变得资不抵债。\n\n44. 在该转让时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产构成不合理地不足的资本。\n\n45. 在该转让时，债务人意图发生或相信其将发生在该等债务到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n46. 该等转让构成欺诈性转让，可由受托人依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(B)条予以撤销，并可依据《破产法典》第550(a)条予以追回。\n\n第四项请求\n\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273(a)(2)、274及276条以及《破产法典》第544(b)及550(a)条请求撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让）\n\n47. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至32段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人未就该转让获得合理等值的对价。\n\n49. 在该转让时，债务人资不抵债，或债务人因该转让而变得资不抵债。\n\n50. 在该转让时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产构成不合理地不足的资本。\n\n51. 在该转让时，债务人意图发生，或相信或理应相信其将发生在该等债务到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n52. 该转让可由受托人依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273(a)(2)、274及276条以及《破产法典》第544(b)条予以撤销，并可依据《破产法典》第550(a)条予以追回。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于$100,000.00的该转让依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(A)条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人财产之利益，从被告处追回该转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于$100,000.00的该转让依据《破产法典》第544(b)条及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273(a)(2)、274及276条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第276条及《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人财产之利益，从被告处追回该转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于$100,000.00的该转让依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(B)条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人财产之利益，从被告处追回该转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于$100,000.00的该转让依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273(a)(2)、274及276条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第276条及《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人财产之利益，从被告处追回该转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按法定最高利率向受托人判给判决前利息；以及\n\n6. 法院在此情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n日期：February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（吕克·A·德斯平）\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka________*________*\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂斯专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第11章受托人律师\n\n附表A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 G Club Operations LLC（G Club Operations有限责任公司） 4/28/2021 $\n(100,000.00)\n\n合计—向 Li Sho Yo（李少友）支付 $\n(100,000.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4901,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:20:44"}