{"id":"court_ctb_2771_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2771,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | National Sweepstakes Company, LCC | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
X | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
□ | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| Connecticut | | Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| | | ADVERSARY | | |\n| | | PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | Douglas S. Skalka | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport
DEFENDANT
DIVISION OFFICE
PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| | :
: | February 12, 2024 |\n| NATIONAL SWEEPSTAKES COMPANY,
LLC, | :
:
: | |\n| | Defendant.
x | |\n\n# ----------------------------------------------------------- **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFER AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant National Sweepstakes Company, LLC.\n\n(the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover a transfer of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GClub International Limited (\"GClub\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$507,008.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because this postpetition transfer of estate property was not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, it is subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York corporation with a principal place of business located 1143 East Union Street, Newark, New York 14513.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the abovecaptioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GClub.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. GClub is one of the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GClub, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GClub, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GClub was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\non their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including GClub, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GClub, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GClub.\n\n19. The postpetition transfer was authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor was such transfer authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **D. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including GClub, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, GClub.\n\n25. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$507,008.00 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n## *[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK*\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ \\_Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2771 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 15:23:11 Page 11 of 11\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人 National Sweepstakes Company, LCC（全国抽奖公司，LCC）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师 （如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\nX\n\n诉因 （简要陈述诉因，包括所涉及的所有美国法典条文）\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条，请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多对五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因为 1，第一个备选诉因为 2，第二个备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产移交\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 □\n□\n□\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性（续）\n61－可免除性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n68－可免除性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63－可免除性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64－可免除性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n65－可免除性－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) □\n□ FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n72－禁令救济－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除\n□\n41－对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除－§727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后顺位\n81－债权或权益的劣后顺位\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n91－确认之诉\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性\n□\n66－可免除性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62－可免除性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可免除性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对已移送债权或诉因的裁定\nSS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关则本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为 FRCP 23 规定的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n破产案件编号\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n案件审理地区 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期\n\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）\n\n分院办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特）\n被告\n分院办事处\n律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛，且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利产生诉讼。也可能会出现有关债务人债务免除的诉讼。如在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中采集表格 1040 所载信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份已提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。准确填写起诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。为原告在第一栏勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。在起诉状中填写所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则该所一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签署。\n\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格州联邦地区 布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n： 案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n诉 x\n\n原告，\n：\n：\n： 对抗程序编号：[ ]\n\n： 2024年2月12日\nNATIONAL SWEEPSTAKES COMPANY,\nLLC（全国抽奖公司，有限责任公司）， ：\n\n被告。\nx\n----------------------------------------------------------- 第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以获任命担任 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，对被告 National Sweepstakes Company, LLC（全国抽奖公司，有限责任公司）（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，请求撤销并追回债务人在本第 11 章案件开始后实施的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财团财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 GClub International Limited（“GClub”），在申请日（定义如下）后向作为初始受让人的被告转让了 $507,008.00 的资金。\n\n3. 因该破产财团财产的破产申请提交后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令，在第 11 章案件中担任第 11 章受托人 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约公司，其主要营业地点位于 1143 East Union Street, Newark, New York 14513。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》《美国法典》第 11 编第 11 章请求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所列第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产并承担数亿美元债务。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 GClub）持有和转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录和命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）为第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页（主案件，Docket No. 78）。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. GClub 是债务人用于欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、花费和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，除其他事项外，以确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我，及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；且在若干案件中，破产法院已经准予该等救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲属及/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买，及/或无对价转让给空壳实体和在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其享有控制和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将包括 GClub 在内的其另我公司作为个人钱袋，用以资助其本人及其家人习惯的奢华生活方式，同时向其债权人隐瞒置于这些另我公司中的资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人获得追偿。\n\n3 受托人已对或将立即对 GClub 提起对抗程序，该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，确认 GClub 系债务人的另我。受托人通过援引将受托人在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状并入本文。\n\n4 这些包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭梅）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛座基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n就其债权而言。债务人通过这些另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。在申请日之前的任何时候，这些另我实体的财产，包括 GClub，均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳公司把戏和欺诈行为在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 GClub，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》所负义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GClub。\n\n19. 该申请后转让既未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人通过包括 GClub 在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在该等转让发生时，债务人尚对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告系该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n23. 受托人重复主张并重新援引第 1 至 22 段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n24. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 GClub 向被告作出了该等转让。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的财产未经授权的转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第 549(a) 条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并追回截至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人恭请作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令，(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$507,008.00 的该等转让根据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产的利益，按受托人的选择向被告追回该等转让或其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在此种情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白\n\n日期：February 12, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ \\_Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2771 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 15:23:11 Page 11 of 11\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","CIPA","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2758,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:55:50"}