{"id":"court_ctb_2773_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2773,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
□ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23
Demand \\$ | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered)
x | |\n| :
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
:
TRUSTEE,
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
v.
: | | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] | |\n| | :
: | February 12, 2024 | |\n| CHRIS LEE, | :
: | | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Defendant.
: | x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Chris Lee (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Rule of Law Society IV Inc. (\"Rule of Law\") transferred funds in the amount of \\$400,000.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual who resides at 649 Puma Canyon Lane, Glendora, California 91740.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Rule of Law.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Rule of Law are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Rule of Law, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Rule of Law, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against Rule of Law, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Rule of Law was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n## **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Rule of Law, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Rule of Law.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Rule of Law, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, Rule of Law.\n\n5\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$400,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ \\_Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2773 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 15:34:15 Page 11 of 11\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对席诉讼案件首页\n（说明见反面） 对席诉讼案号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉由\n（简要陈述诉由，包括所涉所有美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多勾选五 (5) 项并编号，首要诉由标为 1，第一备选诉由标为 2，第二备选诉由标为 3，以此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回款项/财产\n□\n11-追回款项/财产 - §542 财产交出\n□\n12-追回款项/财产 - §547 优惠性清偿\n□\n13-追回款项/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回款项/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭抚养费\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意与恶意伤害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭抚养费除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\n21-留置权或财产中其他权益的有效性、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准财产出售\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人之财产 - §363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4) – 异议/撤销免责 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益次序劣后\n□\n41-异议 / 撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e)\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □\n81-债权或权益次序劣后\nFRBP 7001(9) 宣告性判决\n□\n91-宣告性判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵吞、盗窃\n（续下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移转诉讼之裁决\n□\n01-裁决移转之主张或诉由\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如若与破产案件无关本应向州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实质性问题请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判请勾选 □ 如声称属于依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼请勾选\n请求赔偿金额 \\$\n寻求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n产生本对席诉讼之破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案号\n案件系属司法辖区 分区办事处 法官姓名\n相关对席诉讼（如有）\n原告 被告 对席诉讼案号\n对席诉讼系属司法辖区 分区办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n破产案件的申请在破产法院的管辖下创设了一个由债务人的全部财产（无论财产位于何处）组成的“破产财产”。由于破产财产范围极为广泛且法院管辖权极宽，可能会产生关于破产财产或财产权利的诉讼。亦可能会产生涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如果在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则被称为对席诉讼。\n\n提起对席诉讼的当事人还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对席诉讼案件首页》，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件档案系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交该对席诉讼。（CM/ECF 作为立案流程的一部分会采集表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完成后，首页汇总了关于该对席诉讼的基本信息。法院书记官需要这些信息来处理对席诉讼，并就法院活动编制所需的统计报告。\n\n本首页及其所含信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院本地规则所要求的诉讼文书或其他文件的提交与送达。本首页大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师（或在原告未聘请律师代表时由原告本人）填写。每提交一份起诉状，必须向书记官提交单独的一份首页。\n\n原告与被告。准确按照起诉状上所载名称填写原告和被告的姓名/名称。\n\n律师。如已知，填写律师的姓名及地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏为原告勾选最合适的一项，在第二栏为被告勾选最合适的一项。\n\n请求赔偿金额。填写起诉状中要求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本首页必须由记录在案的律师在本表格第二页的框内签名。如果原告由一家律师事务所代表，必须由该所的一名成员签名。如果原告为亲力诉讼，即没有律师代表，则必须由原告本人签名。\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格区破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等， :\n: 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （合并审理）\nx\n:\nLUC A. DESPINS，第 11 章\n:\n受托人，\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\nv.\n: 对席诉讼案号 [ ]\n\n: 2024年2月12日\nCHRIS LEE（李）， :\n\n被告。\n: x\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条寻求撤销并追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（债务人或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中被指定的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告 Chris Lee（“被告”）提起本对席起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 这些第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（又名郭文贵、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多化名）（税号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税号后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 转交 Luc A. Despins（作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产的受托人，仅用于接收通知和通信）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对席诉讼，以撤销并追回债务人在本第 11 章案件启动后实施的、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“《破产法典》”）授权的债务人破产财产的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其人格混同的空壳公司 Rule of Law Society IV Inc.（法治社会，简称“Rule of Law”）在申请日（定义见本文）之后向作为首位受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$400,000.00 的资金。\n\n3. 由于这些对破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条，其应当被撤销并追回。\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)，本法院对本对席诉讼享有标的管辖权。\n\n5. 依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a)，本对席诉讼已移送至本法院。\n\n6. 本文所寻求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 及 550。\n当事人\n\n7. 依据破产法院于 2022年7月8日 作出的裁定 [案号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷号 523]，受托人为第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人。\n\n8. 被告为自然人，居住于 649 Puma Canyon Lane, Glendora, California 91740。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 2022年2月15日（“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格区破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）提交了依据《破产法典》第 11 编第 11 章寻求救济的自愿申请，从而启动了上述标题所示的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 2022年3月21日，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中指定了一个无担保债权人官方委员会。未指定任何审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 2022年3月 向破产法院提交的破产财产明细表声称其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务。2 尽管债务人确实深陷债务，但其明细表未能披露债务人通过其众多人格混同的空壳公司（包括 Rule of Law）持有和转让的财产。\n\n12. 2022年6月15日，破产法院作出决定备忘录及裁定 [主案案卷号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中指定一名第 11 章受托人。根据该裁定，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。2022年7月8日，破产法院作出裁定，准予指定 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件中的受托人 [主案案卷号 523]。\n\n2 资产与负债明细表，第 1 页（主案，案卷号 78）。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对席诉讼\n\n13. Rule of Law 属于债务人用来诈骗其债权人的众多人格混同空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳骗局”，利用由家族成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这种空壳骗局使债务人能够使用、花费和转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获指定以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起了多起对席诉讼，以确立债务人的空壳公司是其人格混同实体，和/或此类公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有等事项，且在若干案件中破产法院已经准予了此类救济。\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的基本事实模式始终涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自债务人控制的其他实体的现金购买的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从中获益并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将包括 Rule of Law 在内的人格混同实体用作个人存钱罐，为其自身及家族已经习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时在这些混同实体中向其债权人隐瞒资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人对其债权的追偿。债务人通过这些混同实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。包括 Rule of Law 在内的这些混同实体的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均属于债务人的财产。\n\n3 受托人已经或即将对 Rule of Law 提起对席诉讼，该对席诉讼寻求判决宣告 Rule of Law 为债务人的人格混同实体等。受托人在此援引受托人在该对席诉讼中提交的起诉状。\nC. 债务人的空壳骗局与欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其人格混同实体（包括 Rule of Law）持有的所有财产均成为债务人第 11 章破产财产。参见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日（Petition Date）之后，债务人（Debtor）公然无视破产法院（Bankruptcy Court）及其在《破产法典》（Bankruptcy Code）下的义务，继续通过大量作为其人格混同替身的壳公司（包括但不限于 Rule of Law［法治］）进行转让。\n\n19. 上述任何一项申请后转让均未获得破产法院的授权，亦未根据《破产法典》获得授权。\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 申请日之后，债务人通过包括 Rule of Law 在内的壳公司或其他方式，向被告（Defendant）转让了债务人第 11 章破产财产中的财产（统称“上述转让”［Transfers］），包括但不限于以下内容：\n\n参见随附于本文件并作为本文件一部分的附表 A（SCHEDULE A）。\n\n21. 在进行上述转让时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未清偿的义务。\n\n22. 被告是上述转让的最初受让人（initial transferee）。\n第一项主张\n（依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让之主张）\n\n23. 受托人（Trustee）重申并再次主张第 1 段至第 22 段所载之各项主张，如同在此处予以完整陈述一般。\n\n24. 上述转让系由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其作为人格混同替身的壳公司 Rule of Law 作出。\n25. 上述转让发生在申请日之后。\n\n26. 上述转让未获得破产法院或《破产法典》的授权。\n\n27. 上述转让构成了对债务人第 11 章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 依据《破产法典》第 549(a) 条，上述转让属于可撤销的转让。\n\n29. 依据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回上述转让的财产或其价值，外加截至付款之日止的利息以及本诉讼的费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n诉讼请求\n\n鉴于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 一项命令：(a) 宣布依据《破产法典》第 549 条，金额不少于 $400,000.00 的上述转让予以撤销；及 (b) 指令撤销上述转让；以及 (c) 依据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人财产之利益，向被告追回上述转让的财产，或根据受托人的选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自本起诉书（Complaint）提交之日起至本案判决作出之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在此情况下可能认为公正、适当或公平的其他及进一步的救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：2024年2月12日 康涅狄格州纽黑文（New Haven, CT）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯） 第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人之代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2773 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 15:34:15 Page 11 of 11\n附表 A\n\n密封归档（FILED UNDER SEAL）","key_entities":["Kwok","Despins","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2453,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 13:46:28"}