{"id":"court_ctb_2780_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2780,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| | :
: | February 12, 2024 |\n| FEDERAL CORPORATION, | :
: | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant.
: | x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Federal Corporation (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, Golden Spring (New York) Ltd (\"Golden Spring\"), Rule of Law Foundation III Inc. (\"Rule of Law\"), Rule of Law Society IV Inc. (\"Rule of Law Society\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$251,584.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548 and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a foreign corporation with an address located at 7-156, JoTo-Cho, Kit-Ku, Ngoya-Shi, Aichi, Japan 426-0831.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2002, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 273, 273a, 275, 276, and 278.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Golden Spring, Rule of Law, and Rule of Law Society.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Golden Spring, Rule of Law, and Rule of Law Society are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and/or known subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n4 The Court has entered judgment to the effect that Golden Spring was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018 (the \"Golden Spring A.P.\"), Docket No. 35). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Golden Spring A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against Rule of Law and Rule of Law Society, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Rule of Law and Rule of Law Society were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\nDebtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 *Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order,* para.1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nFoundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of Debtor's chauffeurs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, para. 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at para. 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Golden Spring, Rule of Law, Rule of Law Society, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Golden Spring, Rule of Law, Rule of Law Society, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 See Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the Transfers (as defined herein).\n\n#### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n26. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alterego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n27. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n28. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **E. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n30. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Golden Spring, Rule of Law and Rule of Law Society, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n31. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n32. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code §§ 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n33. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n34. The Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, Golden Spring, Rule of Law, and Rule of Law Society, with the actual intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n35. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, or and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating\n\nthe Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n- b. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n36. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to Section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to Section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n37. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n38. The Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter ego companies, Golden Spring, Rule of Law, and Rule of Law Society, with the actual intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n39. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n- b. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n40. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfer Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code §§ 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n41. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n42. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n43. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n44. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n45. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n46. The Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n49. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n50. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n51. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n52. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$251,584.00 are avoided pursuant to Section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to Section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$251,584.00 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$251,584.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$251,584.00 are avoided pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n6. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址和电话号码） 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为 1，第一备选诉因为 2，第二备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追索金钱/财产\n□\n11-追索金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追索金钱/财产 - §547 偏颇清偿\n□\n13-追索金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追索金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 担保权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21-担保权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 □\n□\n□\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免除（续）\n61-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n68-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n65-债务可否免除 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施停止令\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除\n□\n41-对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免除\n□\n66-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送案件的裁定\n01-对移送的债权或诉因作出裁定\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n所请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）印刷体姓名\n说明\n\n提出破产案件会在破产法院管辖范围内设立一项“财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。还可能发生有关债务人债务免除的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提出对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中收集表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制关于法院活动的必需统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、破产规则或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页大部分不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每一份提交的起诉状均须向书记员提交一份单独的封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请为原告在第一栏勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。在起诉状中填写所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所的一名成员签署。如原告为自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT（美国破产法院）康涅狄格地区布里奇波特分部\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n: 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n诉 :\n:\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n:\n: x\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\n: February 12, 2024\nFEDERAL CORPORATION（联邦公司）， :\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。\n: x\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 544、548 和 550 条以及《纽约债务人和债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条寻求撤销及追索欺诈性转让和相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以获指定担任 Ho Wan Kwok（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（以下简称“第 11 章案件”）第 11 章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）的身份，提起本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码末四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码末四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财团的受托人（仅限用于通知和通信）。\n\n对抗起诉状（以下简称“起诉状”），针对被告 Federal Corporation（以下简称“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追索在本第 11 章案件开始之前对债务人财产作出的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd（以下简称“Golden Spring”）、Rule of Law Foundation III Inc.（以下简称“Rule of Law”）、Rule of Law Society IV Inc.（以下简称“Rule of Law Society”），在申请日（定义见下文）之前向被告作为初始受让人转让了金额为 \\$251,584.00 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让属于实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分予以实施，并且作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。或者，该等转让属于推定欺诈，因为该等转让是在债务人无力偿债时作出的，且债务人未因此获得合理等值的对价。\n管辖权及审判地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. §1334(b) 对本对抗程序拥有案件标的管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. §157(a) 移送本院。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第 11 编（以下简称“破产法典”）第 544、548 和 550 条以及《纽约债务人和债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条2，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令指定 [案号 22-50073（以下简称“主案”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家外国公司，地址位于 7-156, JoTo-Cho, Kit-Ku, Ngoya-Shi, Aichi, Japan 426-0831。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格地区美国破产法院）（以下简称“本院”或“破产法院”）根据《美国法典》第 11 编（以下简称“破产法典”）第 11 章提交自愿救济申请（以下简称“申请日”），从而启动了上述标题所列第 11 章案件（以下简称“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2002，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中指定了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未指定任何审查员。\n\n2 以下对《纽约债务人和债权人法》的所有法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中依据 NYUFC 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第 273、273a、275、276 和 278 条寻求救济。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并承担数亿美元的负债。3 尽管债务人的确负债累累，其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司持有和转让的财产，包括 Golden Spring、Rule of Law 和 Rule of Law Society。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出裁判备忘录和命令 [主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中指定一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准指定 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Golden Spring、Rule of Law 和 Rule of Law Society 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司中的一部分。4 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和/或已知下属名义持有、但实际上由\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第 1 页（主案，案卷编号 78）。\n\n4 本院已作出判决，认定 Golden Spring 为债务人的另我。参见 Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（对抗程序编号 23-5018（以下简称“Golden Spring A.P.”），案卷编号 35）。受托人在此通过援引纳入受托人在 Golden Spring A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5018，案卷编号 1）。\n\n受托人已经或将立即对 Rule of Law 和 Rule of Law Society 提起对抗程序，该对抗程序除其他事项外，寻求确认判决，认定 Rule of Law 和 Rule of Law Society 为债务人的另我。受托人在此通过援引纳入受托人在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状。\n\n债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用和支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自受任以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对立程序，其中包括确立债务人的空壳公司系其另我公司，和/或此等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；破产法院已在其中若干程序中准许该等救济。5\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 以来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产和/或无对价转移至空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转移的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权及支配权。\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人对立程序中处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人为Ace Decade Limited（Ace Decade Limited）（并通过该公司为Dawn State Limited（Dawn State Limited））的实益所有人，且债务人控制并使用了Ace Decade Limited的名义股东Yvette Wang（王悦）。6\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews和GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他据称独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制7、由债务人领导8，和/或服务于债务人的“目的……并作为其商业工具”。9\n\n5 其中包括以下对立程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins）, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n6 《准许动议以裁定债务人藐视公司治理命令的命令》，第1、4段（Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”））。\n\n18. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的Liman法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（Eastern Profit Corporation Limited）——一家最初由债务人的一名司机所有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——“实质上是”债务人的“一家空壳公司”。10\n\n19. 债务人不遗余力地阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.，简称“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017年，PAX在Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）提起对债务人的诉讼，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX从纽约法院获得针对债务人的\\$116,402,019.57判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行PAX判决——包括Lady May（Lady May），债务人虚假声称该游艇由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓以信托形式为债务人的儿子持有。债务人在判决后程序中蔑视纽约法院命令，最终导致债务人承担\\$134 million的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 《部分准许初步禁令动议的经更正裁决备忘录》，第3段（Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制Saraca Media Group（Saraca Media Group）及一关联实体‘GTV’。”））。\n\n8 同上，第7段（“债务人是The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF和Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries和Himalaya服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员对债务人个人忠诚。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. 债务人还将其另我公司，包括Golden Spring（Golden Spring）、Rule of Law（法治）和Rule of Law Society（法治协会），用作个人钱柜，以资助其本人及其家人已习以为常的奢华生活方式；同时将资产隐匿于这些另我公司中，使债权人无法发现，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过这些另我公司实施的转移延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n21. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿付其负债，其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业资助。11 债务人仅在资产清单中列报\\$3,850的资产。12\n\n22. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，并因包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控而在审判前持续被羁押。\n\n23. 在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中，美国政府主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的大约500多个账户，对超过\\$1 billion的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”13\n\n24. 债务人另我公司的财产，包括Golden Spring、Rule of Law和Rule of Law Society的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 《关于债务人请求作出临时及最终DIP命令的动议的听证会：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资；及 (II) 安排临时和最终听证会；及 (III) 准予相关救济》（主案件，April 27, 2022）\n\n12 见注3\n\n13 见《美利坚合众国反对被告Yanping Wang（王艳萍）审前释放动议的法律备忘录》第29页，该备忘录作为附件B附于《第11章受托人对G Club Operations LLC就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复》（June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934）。\n\n25. 在与本案有关的所有时间内，债务人在New York, New York开展业务，包括指示转移（定义如下）。\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转移\n\n26. 本起诉状所涉转移均系通过作为债务人空壳把戏一部分运营的债务人另我空壳公司作出，因此其作出目的在于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n27. 债务人故意如此安排其财务事务，以在向其众多债权人虚假申称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称自己身无分文，却同时大量支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切同伙的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n28. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. 债务人明知并意图通过以该等方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会剩余足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其欺诈行为的众多受害人。因此，该等转移必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出的。\nE. 向被告作出的转移\n\n30. 在申请日之前，债务人通过包括Golden Spring、Rule of Law和Rule of Law Society在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转移给被告（合称“转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n31. 在作出转移时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n32. 被告是该等转移的初始受让人。\n第一项请求\n（根据破产法典§§ 548(a)(1)(A)和550(a)撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移的请求）\n\n33. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至32段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整载明。\n\n34. 债务人通过其另我公司Golden Spring、Rule of Law和Rule of Law Society，以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人，作出了该等转移。\n\n35. 债务人在实施该等转移时阻碍、拖延或和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其可由下列事实证明：\n\na. 该等转移系使用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转移被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转移系债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属协助下实施，旨在隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中受益，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在作出该等转移时，债务人正被起诉，其中包括PAX在PAX案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在作出该等转移时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n36. 该等转移可由受托人根据破产法典第548(a)(i)(A)条撤销，并可根据破产法典第550(a)条追回。\n第二项请求\n（根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276，以及破产法典sections 544(b) and 550(a)撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移的请求）\n\n37. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至32段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整载明。\n\n38. 债务人通过其另我公司Golden Spring、Rule of Law和Rule of Law Society，以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人，作出了该等转移。\n\n39. 债务人在实施该等转移时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其可由下列事实证明：\n\na. 该等转移系使用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转移被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转移系债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属协助下实施，旨在隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中受益，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在作出该等转移时，债务人正被起诉，其中包括PAX在PAX案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在作出该等转移时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n40. 该等转移可由受托人根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276及破产法典section 544(b)撤销，并可根据破产法典section 550(a)追回。\n第三项请求\n（根据破产法典§§ 548(a)(1)(B)和550(a)撤销并追回推定欺诈性转移的请求）\n\n41. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至32段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n42. 债务人就该等转让所获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n43. 在进行该等转让时，债务人已无力偿债，或者因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n44. 在进行该等转让时，债务人正在从事或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产构成不合理地少量的资本。\n\n45. 在进行该等转让时，债务人意图产生，或相信其将产生，在该等债务到期时其无力偿付的债务。\n\n46. 该等转让构成欺诈性转让，受托人可依据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B)予以撤销，并可依据《破产法》section 550(a)予以追回。\n\n第四项请求\n\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 以及《破产法》sections 544(b) and 550(a) 撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n47. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至32段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人就该等转让未获得合理等值的对价。\n\n49. 在进行该等转让时，债务人已无力偿债，或者债务人因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n50. 在进行该等转让时，债务人正在从事或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产构成不合理地少量的资本。\n\n51. 在进行该等转让时，债务人意图产生，或者相信或合理地应当相信其将产生，在该等债务到期时其无力偿付的债务。\n\n52. 受托人可依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 及《破产法》section 544(b) 撤销该等转让，并可依据《破产法》section 550(a)予以追回。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 \\$251,584.00 的该等转让依据《破产法》Section 548(a)(1)(A) 已被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 为债务人财产利益，依据《破产法》Section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 \\$251,584.00 的该等转让依据《破产法》section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 已被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 为债务人财产利益，依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 及《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 \\$251,584.00 的该等转让依据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B) 已被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 为债务人财产利益，依据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不低于 \\$251,584.00 的该等转让依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 已被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 为债务人财产利益，依据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 及《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人裁定判决前利息；以及\n\n6. 法院在此情况下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n［本页其余部分特意留白］\n\n日期：February 12, 2024\nNew Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\n第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙泰思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人律师\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4705,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:40:28"}