{"id":"court_ctb_2783_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2783,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
□ | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|--|--|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 | | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: | | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v. | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] | | |\n| LAI LAU A/K/A ANNIE LAU
A/K/A LAU LAI CHUN ANNIE, | February 12, 2024 | | |\n| Defendant. | | | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF
FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF
PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK
DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276 | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the | | | |\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Lai Lau a/k/a Annie Lau a/k/a Lau Lai\n\nChun Annie (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case, including transfers within 90 days of the petition date; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, Lamp Capital LLC (\"Lamp Capital\") and Leading Shine NY Ltd. (\"Leading Shine\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$1,187,879.49 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, HCHK Property Management Inc. (\"HCHK Property\") and Lamp Capital, transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$192,934.25 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n2\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is an individual with an address at 185 Tai Tong Wu Tsuen, Sha Taukok Road, Fanling, Hong Kong, China.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\nliabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including HCHK Property, Lamp Capital and Leading Shine.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. HCHK Property, Lamp Capital, and Leading Shine are among the numerous alterego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 Default has entered against HCHK Property in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK Property was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23- 5013, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Court has entered judgment to the effect that Lamp Capital was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023 (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"), Docket No. 66). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Lamp Capital A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\nDefault has entered against Leading Shine in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023 (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"), Docket No. 13), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Leading Shine was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Lamp Capital A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\nby the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nFoundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK Property, Lamp Capital, and Leading Shine, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including HCHK Property, Lamp Capital and Leading Shine, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n#### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n28. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including HCHK Property, Lamp Capital, and Leading Shine, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n29. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, HCHK Property and Lamp Capital.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a\n\n8\n\ncriminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **F. Investigation and Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n35. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter-ego shell companies, Lamp Capital and Leading Shine, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n36. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies, HCHK Property and Lamp Capital, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n37. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers and the Postpetition Transfers (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n38. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]*\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n39. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n40. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, Lamp Capital and Leading Shine, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n41. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\n10\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n42. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n43. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n44. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter egos, Lamp Capital and Leading Shine, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n45. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nPrepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n46. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n49. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n50. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n51. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n12\n\n52. The Prepetition Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n53. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n54. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n55. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n56. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n57. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n58. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FIFTH CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n59. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-38 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n60. The Postpetition Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell companies, HCHK Property and Lamp Capital.\n\n61. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n62. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n63. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n64. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n65. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,187,879.49 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,187,879.49 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,187,879.49 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,187,879.49 are avoided pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. On the Fifth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$192,934.25 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n6. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n7. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2783 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 17:06:54 Page 21 of 21\n\n### **SCHEDULE B**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面有说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人／破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人／破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉所有美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为 1、第一备选诉因为 2、第二备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱／财产追偿\n□\n11-金钱／财产追偿 - §542 财产交还\n□\n12-金钱／财产追偿 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-金钱／财产追偿 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-金钱／财产追偿 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 □\n□\n□\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) □\n□ FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议／撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议／撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续下栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为 FRCP 23 规定的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件待决地区 分庭办事处 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将产生由破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，该财团包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围如此广泛，且法院管辖权如此宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权产生诉讼。也可能会有涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院案件管理／电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以获取。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记官提交一份单独的封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请完全按照起诉状中所载名称填写原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由表格第二页方框中的登记在案律师签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格州地区 布里奇波特分庭\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n：\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉 对抗程序编号 [ ]\nLAI LAU（刘丽）又名 ANNIE LAU（安妮·刘）\n又名 LAU LAI CHUN ANNIE（刘丽春·安妮）， 2024年2月12日\n被告。\n\n第 11 章受托人起诉状：请求撤销及追回\n欺诈性转让和申请后转让，并依据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 和 550 条及《纽约州\n债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条请求相关救济\n\nLuc A. Despins，以在 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人身份（“受托人”），对被告 Lai Lau 又名 Annie Lau 又名 Lau Lai Chun Annie（“被告”）提起本对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销及追回：(a) 本第 11 章案件开始前对债务人财产所作的转让，包括在申请日后 90 天内作出的转让；以及 (b) 本第 11 章案件开始后对债务人第 11 章破产财团财产所作、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Lamp Capital LLC（“Lamp Capital”）和 Leading Shine NY Ltd.（“Leading Shine”），于申请日（定义见下文）前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$1,187,879.49 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，且作出该等转让意图阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈债务人的债权人。或者，该等转让构成推定欺诈，因为该等转让是在债务人无力偿债时作出的，且债务人未就此获得合理等值的对价。\n\n4. 在申请日后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 HCHK Property Management Inc.（“HCHK Property”）和 Lamp Capital，向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计金额为 \\$192,934.25 的资金。\n\n5. 由于该等申请后破产财团财产转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可根据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n6. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本法院。\n\n8. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 544、548、549 和 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条2，或任何其他适用的等同州法规定。\n\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n10. 被告为个人，地址为 185 Tai Tong Wu Tsuen, Sha Taukok Road, Fanling, Hong Kong, China。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n11. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州地区美国破产法院）依据《破产法典》第 11 章自愿提交救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n12. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司持有和／或转让的财产，其中包括 HCHK Property、Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine。\n\n2 此后，对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均简称为“纽约债务人与债权人法”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约州统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或产生的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中依据 NYUFC 及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、273a、275、276 和 278 条请求救济。\n\n14. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出裁决备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命第 11 章受托人。依照该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件中的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. HCHK Property、Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine 是债务人用以阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。4 多年来，债务人一直策划“空壳把戏”，利用名义上由家庭成员、副手和／或下属拥有、但实际上由其控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第 1 页 [主案件 Docket No. 78]。\n\n4 在对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.（对抗程序案号 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），Docket No. 139）中，已就 HCHK Property（HCHK 财产）作出缺席登记；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，认定 HCHK Property 是债务人的另一个自我。受托人在此通过援引纳入受托人在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序案号 23-5013，Docket No. 1）。\n\n法院已作出判决，认定 Lamp Capital（蓝普资本）是债务人的另一个自我。见 Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）, et al.（对抗程序案号 23-5023（“Lamp Capital A.P.”），Docket No. 66）。受托人在此通过援引纳入受托人在 Lamp Capital A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序案号 23-5023，Docket No. 1）。\n\n在对抗程序 Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.（对抗程序案号 23-5023（“Lamp Capital A.P.”），Docket No. 13）中，已就 Leading Shine（领盛）作出缺席登记；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，认定 Leading Shine 是债务人的另一个自我。受托人在此通过援引纳入受托人在 Lamp Capital A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序案号 23-5023，Docket No. 1）。\n\n由债务人实施。这种空壳公司障眼法使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元的现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n16. 自其获任以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确定债务人的空壳公司是其另一个自我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准予此类救济。5\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转移至空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转移的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n18. 除受托人对抗程序中所处理的事项外，破产法院已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）的受益所有人（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（道恩州有限公司）的受益所有人），且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王月婷）。6\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制7、由债务人领导8，和/或为债务人“服务于……的目的并作为其商业工具”。9\n\n20. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——一家最初由债务人的一名厨师拥有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——“实质上是”债务人的一家“空壳公司”。10\n\n21. 债务人不遗余力地阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017 年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）提起针对债务人的诉讼，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX 案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021 年 2 月 3 日，PAX 从纽约法院取得针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX 判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称该船由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓由信托为债务人的儿子持有。债务人在判决后程序中违抗纽约法院命令的行为，最终导致债务人被处以 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction, ¶ 3（对抗程序案号 22-05032，January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及关联实体‘GTV’。”））。\n\n8 同上，¶ 7（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，并且其成员个人效忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. 债务人还将其另一个自我，包括 HCHK Property、Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine，用作个人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢靡生活提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于该等另一个自我中以逃避债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过该等另一个自我实施的转移延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其没有足够资产偿付其负债，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅申报 \\$3,850 的资产。12\n\n24. 2023 年 3 月，债务人被捕，并在等待就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控受审期间继续被羁押。\n\n25. 美国政府在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少 80 个不同实体或个人名义持有的约 500 多个账户，对超过 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”13\n\n26. 债务人另一个自我的财产，包括 HCHK Property、Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief（主案件，April 27, 2022）\n\n12 见注 3\n\n13 见 Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29，作为 Exhibit B 附于 Chapter 11 Trustee 对 G Club Operations LLC 就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复（June 23, 2023，主案件 Docket No. 1934）。\n\n27. 在与本案有关的所有期间，债务人在纽约州纽约市开展业务，包括指示实施本起诉状所涉的申请前转移。\n\nD. 债务人的空壳公司障眼法和欺诈行为在申请后继续进行\n\n28. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另一个自我持有的所有财产，包括 HCHK Property、Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine，均成为第 11 章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n29. 在申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）下的义务，继续通过大量作为其另一个自我的空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于 HCHK Property 和 Lamp Capital。\n\n30. 该等申请后转移均未经破产法院授权，亦未获破产法授权。\n\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而实施的转移\n\n31. 本起诉状所涉的转移（定义见下文）均是通过作为债务人空壳公司障眼法一部分运作的、属于债务人另一个自我的空壳公司实施，因而系出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\n32. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便隐匿和耗散数百万美元的资产，同时向其众多债权人虚假声称其一贫如洗。债务人声称身无分文，同时却大肆支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及其密切关联人的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n33. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害者处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York 待决的一宗刑事案件中，面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会剩余足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害者。因此，该等转移必然是出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\nF. 调查及向被告作出的转移\n\n35. 在申请日之前，债务人通过其作为另一个自我的空壳公司 Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine，或以其他方式，向被告转移债务人的财产（统称“申请前转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n36. 在申请日后，债务人通过其空壳公司 HCHK Property 和 Lamp Capital，或以其他方式，向被告转移破产财产（统称“申请后转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 B。\n\n37. 在申请前转移和申请后转移（统称“转移”）发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未偿义务。\n\n38. 被告是该等转移的初始受让人。\n\n[本页剩余部分有意留白]\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code 第 548(a)(1)(A) 条和第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移）\n\n39. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1-38 段所载指称，如同在此全文列明。\n\n40. 申请前转移由债务人通过其另一个自我 Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine 作出，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n41. 债务人在实施申请前转移时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由下列事实证明：\n\na. 申请前转移系利用作为另一个自我的空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请前转移被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 破产申请前转让是债务人在其控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下，为隐匿和保护资产而进行的“障眼法”的一部分；\n\nd. 破产申请前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 破产申请前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX（PAX）在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n42. 根据《破产法》section 548(a)(i)(A)，受托人可撤销破产申请前转让；并可根据《破产法》section 550(a)追回该等转让。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276，以及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a)，请求撤销及追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n43. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1-38 段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n44. 债务人通过其替身实体 Lamp Capital（兰普资本）和 Leading Shine（领耀），以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的方式作出了破产申请前转让。\n\n45. 债务人在实施破产申请前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，体现如下：\n\na. 破产申请前转让是利用一家替身空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 破产申请前转让被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 破产申请前转让是债务人在其控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下，为隐匿和保护资产而进行的“障眼法”的一部分；\n\nd. 破产申请前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 破产申请前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步实施了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n46. 根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 及《破产法》section 544(b)，受托人可撤销破产申请前转让；并可根据《破产法》section 550(a)追回该等转让。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a) 请求撤销及追回推定欺诈性转让）\n\n47. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1-38 段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人就破产申请前转让所获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n49. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人资不抵债，或因破产申请前转让而变得资不抵债。\n\n50. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正在从事一项业务或交易，或即将从事一项业务或交易，而债务人留存的任何财产均构成不合理地少量的资本。\n\n51. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人意图承担，或相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时其无力偿还的债务。\n\n52. 破产申请前转让构成欺诈性转让，根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B)，受托人可予撤销；并可根据《破产法》section 550(a)追回该等转让。\n\n第四项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 请求撤销及追回推定欺诈性转让）\n\n53. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1-38 段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n54. 债务人就破产申请前转让未获得合理等值的对价。\n\n55. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人资不抵债，或债务人因破产申请前转让而变得资不抵债。\n\n56. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正在从事一项业务或交易，或即将从事一项业务或交易，而债务人留存的任何财产均构成不合理地少量的资本。\n\n57. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人意图承担，或相信或理应相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时其无力偿还的债务。\n\n58. 根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 及《破产法》section 544(b)，受托人可撤销破产申请前转让；并可根据《破产法》section 550(a)追回该等转让。\n\n第五项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a) 请求撤销及追回未经授权的破产申请后转让）\n\n59. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1-38 段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n60. 债务人向被告作出了破产申请后转让，包括通过其替身空壳公司 HCHK Property（HCHK地产）和 Lamp Capital。\n\n61. 破产申请后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n62. 破产申请后转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n63. 破产申请后转让构成对债务人第 11 章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n64. 根据《破产法》section 549(a)，破产申请后转让可予撤销。\n\n65. 根据《破产法》section 550(a)，受托人有权向被告追回破产申请后转让或其价值，并获得截至付款日的利息及本案诉讼费用。\n\n［本页其余部分故意留白］\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求而言，(a) 作出裁定，宣告根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(A)，金额不少于 \\$1,187,879.49 的破产申请前转让予以撤销；(b) 作出裁定，命令撤销该等破产申请前转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求而言，(a) 作出裁定，宣告根据《破产法》section 544(b) 和 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276，金额不少于 \\$1,187,879.49 的破产申请前转让予以撤销；(b) 作出裁定，命令撤销该等破产申请前转让；及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 和《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求而言，(a) 作出裁定，宣告根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B)，金额不少于 \\$1,187,879.49 的破产申请前转让予以撤销；(b) 作出裁定，命令撤销该等破产申请前转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项请求而言，(a) 作出裁定，宣告根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276，以及就 April 4, 2020 之前的转让而言，根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278，金额不少于 \\$1,187,879.49 的破产申请前转让予以撤销；(b) 作出裁定，命令撤销该等破产申请前转让；及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 和《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 就第五项请求而言，(a) 作出裁定，宣告根据《破产法》section 549，金额不少于 \\$192,934.25 的破产申请后转让予以撤销；及 (b) 作出裁定，命令撤销该等破产申请后转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，从被告处追回破产申请后转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n6. 判给受托人自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n7. 法院在此等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n［本页其余部分故意留白］\n\n日期：February 12, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\n第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka_____*_____*\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙泰斯律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人的代理律师\n\n附表 A\n密封提交\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2783 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 17:06:54 Page 21 of 21\n\n附表 B\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","HCHK","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5368,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:07:43"}