{"id":"court_ctb_2785_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2785,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | |\n| | Xiaobo He | | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor | □ Other | | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□ | □
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | | | |\n| 12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□ | □
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□ | | | | |\n| 13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other | 63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | | | |\n| | | (other than domestic support) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | □
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay | | | | |\n| □
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | | | | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation | | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment | | | |\n| □
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | 91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability | | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action | | | |\n| □
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims | □ | 01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | | |\n| □
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | | | | | |\n| actual fraud
□ | Other
□ | | | | |\n| 67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | □ | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | | |\n| (continued next column) | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n\n**B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| DATE | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| February 12, 2024 | | Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,[1](#page-2-0)\n\nChapter 11\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\nXIAOBO HE,\n\nDefendant.\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Xiaobo He (the \"Defendant\"), stating as\n\nfollows:\n\n 1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate perpetrated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, G Club International Limited (\"G Club International\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$100,040.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual with a place of residence at 9 Lake Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 4A7, Canada.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.[2](#page-4-0) While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including G Club International.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n 2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. G Club International is one of the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.[3](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.[4](#page-5-1)\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n 3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against G Club International which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that G Club International was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including G Club International, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including G Club International, was at all times property of the Debtor.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including G Club International, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, G Club International.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company, G Club International, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, G Club International.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$100,040.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n### **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nXiaobo He（何晓波）\nLuc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins），第11章受托人\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（Douglas S. Skalka），Patrick R. Linsey（Patrick R. Linsey）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一项） 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人／破产管理人 □ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人／破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人 □ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条提出的、请求撤销并追回申请日后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1)－金钱／财产追回 FRBP 7001(6)－可免责性（续）\n□\n11－金钱／财产追回－§542 财产交付\n□ □\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n12－金钱／财产追回－§547 偏颇清偿\n□ □\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意且恶意造成的损害\n□\n13－金钱／财产追回－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－金钱／财产追回－其他 63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□ □\n65－可免责性－其他\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产 FRBP 7001(7)－禁令性救济\n□\n71－禁令性救济－施加中止令\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人的财产－§363(h) □\n72－禁令性救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4)－对免责提出异议／撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议／撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n81－债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n51－撤销确认 □ 91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6)－可免责性 FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权 □ 01－对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□ 其他\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 □ SS－SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02－其他（例如，若与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼\n（续见下一栏） ）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为FRCP 23项下集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分庭办事处 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（Julie A. Manning）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分庭办事处 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/Douglas S. Skalka\n\n律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n日期\n\nFebruary 12, 2024 Douglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院管辖下设立“财产集合”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产集合范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能就该财产集合的财产或财产权发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n除非当事人通过法院案件管理／电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序，否则提交对抗程序的当事人还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》。（CM/ECF在提交过程中采集表格1040所载信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息来处理对抗程序，并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页大多不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告无律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记官另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确列明起诉状中出现的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请列明律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即无律师代理，则须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格州地区 布里奇波特分庭\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，[1]\n\n第11章\n\n案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（Luc A. Despins），第11章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗程序编号：[ ]\n\n诉\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\nXIAOBO HE（何晓波），\n\n被告。\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条请求撤销并追回申请日后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins以其在Ho Wan Kwok（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）身份，针对被告Xiaobo He（以下简称“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（以下简称“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo和Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever Holdings LLC）（税务识别号后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever Holdings Corporation）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC和Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP（Paul Hastings LLP），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok财产集合的受托人（仅限通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后实施的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“破产法典”）授权的债务人财产集合财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司G Club International Limited（G Club International Limited，以下简称“G Club International”），在申请日（定义见下文）后向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为\\$100,040.00的资金。\n\n3. 因为该等申请日后对财产集合财产的转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故该等转让可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院依据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)，对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括11 U.S.C. §§ 549和550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人是第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令获任命[案件编号22-50073（以下简称“主案件”）卷宗编号523]。\n\n8. 被告为个人，其住所地为9 Lake Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 4A7, Canada。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院，以下简称“本院”或“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》《美国法典》第11编第11章提交自愿破产救济申请（以下简称“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所列第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有\\$3,850资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。[2] 债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露由其众多另我空壳公司（包括G Club International）持有及／或转让的债务人财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，破产法院作出裁决备忘录及命令[主案件卷宗编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins为第11章案件的受托人[主案件卷宗编号523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案件，卷宗编号78）。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. G Club International是债务人用以欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。[3] 多年来，债务人一直策划“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司为其另我实体及／或该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平所有在内的目的；在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准许该等救济。[4]\n\n15. 该等诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲属及／或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 以来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购得及／或无对价转让给空壳实体并在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及(iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\n3 受托人已经或将立即对G Club International提起对抗程序；该对抗程序寻求的救济包括确认G Club International为债务人另我实体的确认判决。受托人将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状以引用方式并入本文。\n\n4 这些对抗诉讼包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Mei Guo（梅郭）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另一个自我实体，包括 G Club International（G Club International），作为私人钱袋，用于资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式，同时将资产隐匿于这些另一个自我实体中以躲避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另一个自我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些另一个自我实体的财产，包括 G Club International，始终属于债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏及欺诈在申请后继续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另一个自我实体持有的所有财产，包括 G Club International，均成为第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视 Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）及其在 Bankruptcy Code（破产法典）项下的义务，继续通过众多另一个自我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 G Club International。\n\n19. 这些申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获破产法典授权。\n\nD. 向被告作出的转让\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 G Club International，或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n21. 在作出转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code 第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n23. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至22段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其另一个自我空壳公司 G Club International 作出的转让。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或破产法典授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据破产法典第549(a)条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据破产法典第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让，或其价值，并加计截至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人恭请作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $100,040.00 的该等转让已根据破产法典第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据破产法典第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按法定最高利率向受托人判给判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 12, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\nCHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\n签字：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第11章受托人律师\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交\n\n ინგლის","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2923,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:44:58"}