{"id":"court_ctb_2795_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2795,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET<br>(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET<br>(Instructions on Reverse)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER<br>(Court Use Only)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | DEFENDANTS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | Max Krasner                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | ATTORNEYS<br>(If Known)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey<br>Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.<br>195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510<br>(203)781-2847                                                                                                                                                                                                  |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)<br>□ Debtor<br>□ U.S.<br>Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin<br>□ Creditor<br>□ Other<br>□ Trustee                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | □ Debtor<br>□ Creditor<br>□ Trustee                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | PARTY (Check One Box Only)<br>□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy<br>Admin<br>□ Other                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |  |  |  |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION<br>(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers and related relief pursuant<br>to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544,548, and 550 and New York Debtor and Creditor Law Sections 273, 274, and 276                                                                                                        |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| NATURE OF SUIT<br>(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.)                                                                                                                                                                                |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property<br>□<br>11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property<br>□<br>12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference<br>□<br>13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer<br>□<br>14-Recovery of money/property - other<br>FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien | □<br>□<br>□<br>□<br>□                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)<br>61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support<br>68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury<br>63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan<br>64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation<br>(other than domestic support)<br>65-Dischargeability - other |  |  |  |\n| □<br>21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property<br>FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property<br>□<br>31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)                                                                                                                                   | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief<br>□<br>71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay<br>□<br>72-Injunctive relief – other                                                                                                                                                         |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge<br>□<br>41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | □                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest<br>81-Subordination of claim or interest                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |  |  |  |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation<br>□<br>51-Revocation of confirmation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | □                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment<br>91-Declaratory judgment                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |  |  |  |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability<br>□<br>66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims<br>□<br>62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,<br>actual fraud<br>□<br>67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny<br>(continued next column)                   | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action<br>□<br>01-Determination of removed claim or cause<br>Other<br>□<br>SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.<br>□<br>02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court<br>if unrelated to bankruptcy case) |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |  |  |  |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Demand \\$                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n| Other Relief Sought                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  |  |  |\n\n**B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES |           |                                       |                  |  |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR                                            |           | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.                   |                  |  |\n| Ho Wan Kwok                                               |           | 22-50073 (JAM)                        |                  |  |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING                         |           | DIVISION OFFICE                       | NAME OF JUDGE    |  |\n| Connecticut                                               |           | Bridgeport                            | Julie A. Manning |  |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY)                     |           |                                       |                  |  |\n| PLAINTIFF                                                 | DEFENDANT |                                       | ADVERSARY        |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       | PROCEEDING NO.   |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                  |  |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING                    |           | DIVISION OFFICE                       | NAME OF JUDGE    |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                  |  |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)                      |           |                                       |                  |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                  |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                  |  |\n| /s/Douglas S. Skalka                                      |           |                                       |                  |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                  |  |\n| DATE                                                      |           |                                       |                  |  |\n|                                                           |           | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) |                  |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                  |  |\n| February 12, 2024                                         |           | Douglas S. Skalka                     |                  |  |\n|                                                           |           |                                       |                  |  |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\nChapter 11\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,[1](#page-2-0)\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\nMAX KRASNER,\n\nDefendant.\n\n------------------------------------------------------\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nx\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n<span id=\"page-2-0\"></span> <sup>1</sup> The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Max Krasner (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, Greenwich Land LLC (\"Greenwich Land\") and Lexington Property and Staffing, Inc. (\"Lexington\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$112,650.36 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant, which Defendant was the initial transferee of the funds.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor perpetrated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n2\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 [2](#page-4-0) or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual residing at 6 Thornley Pl, Holmdel, New Jersey, 07733.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.[3](#page-4-1) While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the\n\n<span id=\"page-4-0\"></span> <sup>2</sup> All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n<span id=\"page-4-1\"></span><sup>3</sup> Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDebtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Greenwich Land and Lexington.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Greenwich Land and Lexington are among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. [4](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—much of which the Debtor obtained through his fraudulent investment and cryptocurrency schemes—while concealing this property of this creditors.\n\n<span id=\"page-5-0\"></span> <sup>4</sup> Default has entered against Lexington in the adversary proceeding Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013) (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Lexington was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23- 5013, Docket No. 1).\n\nThere is a pending motion for summary judgment to determine that Greenwich Land is the alter ego of the Debtor in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5005 (the \"Greenwich Land A.P.\"), Docket No. 78). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Greenwich Land A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5005, Docket No. 1).\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. [5](#page-6-0)\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.[6](#page-6-1)\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n<span id=\"page-6-0\"></span> <sup>5</sup> These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n<span id=\"page-6-1\"></span><sup>6</sup> *Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order,* ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor[7](#page-7-0) , led by the Debtor[8](#page-7-1) and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.[9](#page-7-2)\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.[10](#page-7-3)\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n<span id=\"page-7-0\"></span> <sup>7</sup> *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n<span id=\"page-7-1\"></span><sup>8</sup> *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n<span id=\"page-7-2\"></span><sup>9</sup> *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n<span id=\"page-7-3\"></span><sup>10</sup> *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Greenwich Land and Lexington, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members. [11](#page-8-0) The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.[12](#page-8-1)\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"[13](#page-8-2)\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Greenwich Land and Lexington, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n<span id=\"page-8-0\"></span> <sup>11</sup> Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022).\n\n<span id=\"page-8-1\"></span><sup>12</sup> *See* n.3\n\n<span id=\"page-8-2\"></span><sup>13</sup> *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n#### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n26. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n27. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n28. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n30. The Defendant participated in multiple of the Debtor's fraudulent schemes, including those involving illegal private securities offerings and purported cryptocurrency ventures, as well as the Debtor's \"G Club\" scheme.\n\n8\n\n31. The Defendant also held nominal positions and/or assisted the Debtor in the management and operation of the Debtor's alter-ego entities, including Golden Spring. Following the Petition Date, the Defendant assisted the Debtor in orchestrating the unauthorized sale of the Debtor's Bombardier private jet.\n\n32. The Defendant has benefited from his involvement in the Debtor's shell game, including, among other things, by obtaining the Transfers at issue in this Complaint, in consideration of which the Debtor received no value.\n\n#### **E. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n33. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell companies including Greenwich Land and Lexington, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n34. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n35. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n36. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-35 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n37. The Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, Greenwich Land and Lexington, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n38. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in perpetrating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n9\n\na. The Transfers were perpetrated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were perpetrated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n39. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n40. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-35 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n41. The Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter egos, Greenwich Land and Lexington, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n42. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in perpetrating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfers were perpetrated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were perpetrated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n43. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n44. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-35 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n45. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n46. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n47. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n48. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n49. The Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n50. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-35 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n51. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n52. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n53. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n54. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n55. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$112,650.36 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$112,650.36 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$112,650.36 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$112,650.36 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n6. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2795 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 18:31:24 Page 19 of 19\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面表\n（背面附有说明）　对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告　被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 受托人　Max Krasner（马克斯·克拉斯纳）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址和电话号码）　律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂斯律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人　□ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人　当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法典条款）\nChapter 11 受托人根据《破产法典》第 544、548 和 550 条及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条寻求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为 1、第一备选诉因为 2、第二备选诉因为 3，依此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追收金钱/财产\n□\n11-追收金钱/财产 - §542 返还财产\n□\n12-追收金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追收金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追收金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围　□\n□\n□\n□\n□　FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性（续）\n61-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n68-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意伤害\n63-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n65-债务可免除性 - 其他\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)　FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止令\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责的异议/撤销\n□\n41-对免责的异议/撤销 - §727(c),(d),(e)　□　FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的次级排序\n81-债权或权益的次级排序\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认　□　FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性\n□\n66-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏）　FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，若与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及实体性州法争议，请勾选　□ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选　请求金额 \\$\n所请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人名称　破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵）　22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区　分院办公室　法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州）　Bridgeport（布里奇波特）　Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告　被告　对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区　分院办公室　法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期\n律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n\nFebruary 12, 2024　Douglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即产生一项由破产法院管辖的“财产集合”，其中包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能就该财产集合的财产或财产权利产生诉讼。也可能存在有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提出对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面表》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中收集表格 1040 中的信息。）填写完成后，封面表概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息，以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面表及其中所载信息并不取代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面表大体上不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均必须向书记员另行提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。准确填写原告和被告在起诉状中所列的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。为原告在第一栏勾选最适当的方框，并为被告在第二栏勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的金额。\n\n签名。本封面表必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该律师事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT（美国破产法院）DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT（康涅狄格州地区）BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（布里奇波特分院）\n\nChapter 11\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，[1]\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），CHAPTER 11 受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\n诉\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\nMAX KRASNER（马克斯·克拉斯纳），\n\n被告。\n\nCHAPTER 11 受托人根据《破产法典》第 544、548 和 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条寻求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和相关救济的起诉状\n\nx\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）的 Chapter 11 案件（“Chapter 11 Case”）中获指定的 Chapter 11 受托人（“Trustee”）的身份，对被告 Max Krasner（马克斯·克拉斯纳）（“Defendant”）提起本对抗程序起诉状（“Complaint”），陈述如下：\n\n1 这些 Chapter 11 案件中的债务人是 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever Holdings 有限责任公司）（税务识别号后四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever Holdings 公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所）, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产集合的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本 Chapter 11 Case 开始之前对债务人财产作出的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Greenwich Land LLC（“Greenwich Land”）和 Lexington Property and Staffing, Inc.（“Lexington”），在 Petition Date（定义如下）之前向被告转让了 $112,650.36 的资金；被告是该等资金的初始受让人。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，并且其实施意图在于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。作为备选，该等转让构成推定欺诈性转让，因为该等转让作出时债务人处于资不抵债状态，且债务人未就此获得合理等值的对价。\n\n管辖权和审理地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序享有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第 11 编（“Bankruptcy Code”）第 544、548 和 550 条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条[2]，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系 Chapter 11 Case 中的 Chapter 11 受托人，依据 Bankruptcy Court 于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令 [Case No. 22-50073（“Main Case”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告为居住于 6 Thornley Pl, Holmdel, New Jersey, 07733 的个人。\n\n事实\n\nA. Chapter 11 案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州地区美国破产法院）（“Bankruptcy Court”）根据《破产法典》Chapter 11 提交了自愿救济申请（“Petition Date”），从而启动了 Chapter 11 Case。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本 Chapter 11 Case 中指定了无担保债权人正式委员会。未指定审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向 Bankruptcy Court 提交的破产财产和负债清单声称其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元债务。[3] 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司持有和/或转让的财产，包括 Greenwich Land 和 Lexington。\n\n2 此后，对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法定引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约州统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。就 April 4, 2020 之前的转让而言，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 和 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第 273、273a、275、276 和 278 条寻求救济。\n\n3 财产和负债清单，第 1 页 [Main Case Docket No. 78]。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，Bankruptcy Court 作出决定备忘录及命令 [Main Case Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在 Chapter 11 Case 中指定一名 Chapter 11 受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，Bankruptcy Court 作出命令，批准 Luc A. Despins 在 Chapter 11 Case 中担任受托人 [Main Case Docket No. 523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Greenwich Land 和 Lexington 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。[4] 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——其中大部分系债务人通过其欺诈性投资和加密货币计划获得——同时隐匿其债权人的该等财产。\n\n4. 在对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.（对抗程序编号 23-5013）（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），Docket No. 139）中，已对 Lexington（莱克星顿）作出缺席判决；该对抗程序寻求的救济包括确认 Lexington 为债务人的另一个自我。受托人在此通过援引方式纳入其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5013，Docket No. 1）。\n\n在对抗程序 Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC（对抗程序编号 23-5005（“Greenwich Land A.P.”），Docket No. 78）中，目前待决一项简易判决动议，以认定 Greenwich Land（格林尼治地产）为债务人的另一个自我。受托人在此通过援引方式纳入其在 Greenwich Land A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5005，Docket No. 1）。\n\n14. 自其获任以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多起对抗程序，目的包括确定债务人的空壳公司系其另一个自我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在数起案件中，破产法院已准予该等救济。[5]\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价地转移至及在空壳实体之间转移的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人对抗程序中处理的事项外，破产法院已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（黎明州有限公司））的受益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。[6]\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）、Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他自称独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制\n\n5. 这些对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A. 德斯平斯），第11章受托人 v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司），et al. [对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司），et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Mei Guo（梅果）[对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.，et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司），et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）[对抗程序 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人 v. Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司），et al. [对抗程序 23-05023]。\n\n6. 准许动议、认定债务人藐视公司治理命令的裁定，¶¶ 1, 4（Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”）。\n\n由债务人领导[7]和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业工具”。[8][9]\n\n18. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——一家最初由债务人的一名厨师拥有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——“实质上是”债务人的“空壳公司”。[10]\n\n19. 债务人为阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金有限合伙企业）（“PAX”）的追偿工作，已不遗余力。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“New York Court”）起诉债务人，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX Case”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院取得针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX Judgment”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称该游艇归其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓系为债务人的儿子而以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中蔑视纽约法院命令的行为，最终导致其被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7. 经更正的部分准许初步禁令动议的裁决备忘录，¶ 3（对抗程序编号 22-05032，January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及相关实体 ‘GTV’”）。\n\n8. 同上，¶ 7（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（吹哨人运动）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9. 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，并且其成员个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10. Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. 债务人还将其另一个自我，包括 Greenwich Land 和 Lexington，当作私人小金库，用以资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢靡生活方式，同时将资产隐匿于这些另一个自我中，以躲避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另一个自我实施的转移延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n21. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿付其负债，且其奢华的生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家人持有的企业资助。[11] 债务人仅列报 $3,850 的资产。[12]\n\n22. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，并一直被羁押，等待就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控接受审判。\n\n23. 美国政府在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，清洗了超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得。”[13]\n\n24. 债务人的另一个自我的财产，包括 Greenwich Land 和 Lexington 的财产，在申请日前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11. 关于债务人请求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令的听证会：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资，及 (II) 安排临时及最终听证会，以及 (III) 准予相关救济（主案，April 27, 2022）。\n\n12. 见注释3\n\n13. 见 United States of America（美利坚合众国）反对被告 Yanping Wang（王燕平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页，该备忘录作为附件B附于第11章受托人对 G Club Operations LLC（G俱乐部运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中（June 23, 2023，主案 Docket No. 1934）。\n\n25. 在本案相关的所有期间，债务人在纽约州纽约市开展业务，包括指示实施本起诉状所涉的申请日前转移。\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转移\n\n26. 本起诉状所涉的转移（定义见本文）均系通过作为债务人空壳把戏一部分而运营的债务人另一个自我空壳公司作出，故其作出时意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n27. 债务人故意以此种方式安排其财务事务，以在向其众多债权人虚假声称自己贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元的资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却大肆花费，为其本人、家人及亲密同伙维持亿万富翁的生活方式。\n\n28. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。因此，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中，面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. 债务人明知并意图通过以此种方式隐匿和耗散其资产，不会有足够的剩余资产偿还其债权人——包括其诸多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转移必然是出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\n30. 被告参与了债务人的多项欺诈计划，包括涉及非法私募证券发行和所谓加密货币项目的计划，以及债务人的“G Club”计划。\n\n31. 被告还担任名义职位和/或协助债务人管理和运营债务人的另一个自我实体，包括 Golden Spring。在申请日之后，被告协助债务人策划未经授权出售债务人的 Bombardier（庞巴迪）私人飞机。\n\n32. 被告从其参与债务人的空壳把戏中获益，包括但不限于取得本起诉状所涉转移；对此，债务人未收到任何价值。\nE. 向被告作出的转移\n\n33. 在申请日之前，债务人利用其另一个自我空壳公司，包括 Greenwich Land 和 Lexington，或以其他方式，向被告转移债务人的财产（统称“Transfers”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n34. 在作出转移时，债务人对其遗产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n35. 被告是该等转移的初始受让人。\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条和第 550(a) 条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移的请求）\n\n36. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至35段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n37. 债务人通过其另一个自我 Greenwich Land 和 Lexington 作出该等转移时，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n38. 债务人在实施该等转移时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其体现于：\n\na. 该等转移系利用另一个自我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转移被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转移系作为债务人的“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，并在债务人的家人及其控制的其他亲信和下属协助下，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转移通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在作出该等转移时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX Case 中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在作出该等转移时，债务人已无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n39. 根据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条，该等转移可由受托人撤销；并可根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条追回。\n第二项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第 273、274 和 276 条，以及《破产法典》第 544(b) 条和第 550(a) 条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移的请求）\n\n40. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至35段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n41. 该等转让由债务人通过其替身实体 Greenwich Land（格林尼治地产）和 Lexington（列克星敦）作出，其实际意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人。\n\n42. 债务人在实施该等转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\na. 该等转让系通过一家替身空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转让向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，并在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属的协助下实施，旨在隐瞒和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该等转让作出时，债务人正被提起诉讼，其中包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该等转让作出时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n43. 受托人可依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 及《破产法典》第 544(b) 条撤销该等转让，并可依据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条予以追回。\n\n第三项诉请\n（依据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(B) 条及第 550(a) 条撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n44. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 35 段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n45. 债务人就该等转让所获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n46. 在该等转让作出时，债务人无力偿债，或因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n47. 在该等转让作出时，债务人正在从事或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产对于该业务或交易而言均构成不合理不足的资本。\n\n48. 在该等转让作出时，债务人意图承担，或认为其将承担，在该等债务到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n49. 该等转让构成欺诈性转让，受托人可依据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(B) 条予以撤销，并可依据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条予以追回。\n\n第四项诉请\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 及《破产法典》第 544(b) 条和第 550(a) 条撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n50. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 35 段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n51. 债务人就该等转让未获得合理等值对价。\n\n52. 在该等转让作出时，债务人无力偿债，或债务人因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n53. 在该等转让作出时，债务人正在从事或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产对于该业务或交易而言均构成不合理不足的资本。\n\n54. 在该等转让作出时，债务人意图承担，或认为或在合理情况下应当认为其将承担，在该等债务到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n55. 受托人可依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 及《破产法典》第 544(b) 条撤销该等转让，并可依据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条予以追回。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项诉请，(a) 作出裁定，宣告金额不低于 $112,650.36 的该等转让依据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 依据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项诉请，(a) 作出裁定，宣告金额不低于 $112,650.36 的该等转让依据《破产法典》第 544(b) 条及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 予以撤销；就 April 4, 2020 之前的转让而言，依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278 予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 及《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项诉请，(a) 作出裁定，宣告金额不低于 $112,650.36 的该等转让依据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(B) 条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 依据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项诉请，(a) 作出裁定，宣告金额不低于 $112,650.36 的该等转让依据《破产法典》第 544(b) 条及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 予以撤销；就 April 4, 2020 之前的转让而言，依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278 予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 及《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人财产的利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人裁定判决前利息；以及\n\n6. 法院在此等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：February 12, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第 11 章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第 11 章受托人的代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2795 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 18:31:24 Page 19 of 19\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","HCHK","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","CIPA","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5043,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:10:55"}