{"id":"court_ctb_2799_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2799,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | Berkeley Rowe Limited | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor | □ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor | □ Other | | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers and
postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544 and 548 and (II) related relief | | | | | |\n| pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 550 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□ | □ | 61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | | |\n| 12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□ | □
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□ | | | | |\n| 13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□ | 63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□ | | | | |\n| 14-Recovery of money/property - other | | 64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | (other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□ | | | | |\n| | | 72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | 81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation | | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment | | | |\n| □
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | 91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims | □ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action | | | |\n| □
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | | 01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | | |\n| actual fraud | Other | | | | |\n| □
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | □
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq. | | | | |\n| (continued next column) | □ | 02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | | |\n| | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|---------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| February 12, 2024 | | Douglas S. Skalka | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,[1](#page-2-0)\n\nChapter 11\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\nBERKELEY ROWE LIMITED,\n\nDefendant.\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n 1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Berkeley Rowe Limited (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies Golden Spring (New York) Limited (\"Golden Spring\"), and Leading Shine NY Ltd. (\"Leading Shine\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$129,151.05 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n2\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276[2](#page-4-0) or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a private limited company registered in the United Kingdom with an address at 64 North Row, 5th Floor, London, England, W1K 7DA.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.[3](#page-4-1) While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the\n\n 2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDebtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Leading Shine and Golden Spring.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Leading Shine and Golden Spring are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.[4](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned\n\n 4 The Court has entered judgment to the effect that Golden Spring was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018 (the \"Golden Spring A.P.\"), Docket No. 35). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Golden Spring A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018, Docket No. 1).\n\nDefault has entered against Leading Shine in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023 (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"), Docket No. 13), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Leading Shine was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Lamp Capital A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\nby the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.[5](#page-6-0)\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.[6](#page-6-1)\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor[7](#page-7-0) , led by the Debtor[8](#page-7-1) and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.[9](#page-7-2)\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.[10](#page-7-3)\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n 7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Leading Shine and Golden Spring as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos effectuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.[11](#page-8-0) The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.[12](#page-8-1)\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"[13](#page-8-2)\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Leading Shine and Golden Spring, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n 11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n26. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n27. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n28. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n30. The Debtor's ability to establish and maintain his shell game—which involved a tangled web of numerous alter-ego entities—depended upon, among other things, services provided by professional firms.\n\n8\n\n31. Among other things, the Defendant represented Himalaya International Financial Group Ltd. (\"Himalaya Financial\") and ACA Capital Group Limited (\"ACA Capital\").\n\n32. Himalaya Financial and ACA Capital are entities controlled by the Debtor that facilitated the Debtor's criminal conduct by concealing and transferring the Debtor's property to hinder, delay, or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n33. In particular, the Defendant represented ACA Capital in connection with a sham loan to HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC to fund an escrow related to the Debtor's Lady May yacht.\n\n34. The Debtor intentionally used the Defendant's services to perpetuate his financial shell game such that the Debtor could undertake and continue his fraudulent schemes and conceal and dissipate their proceeds.\n\n35. The Transfers to the Defendant represented payment for such services and thus were further intended to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **E. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n36. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell companies, Leading Shine and Golden Spring, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n37. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n38. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-37 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n39. The Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, Leading Shine and Golden Spring, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n40. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfers were effectuated using alter ego shell companies;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n41. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n42. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-37 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n43. The Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter egos, Leading Shine and Golden Spring, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n44. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n45. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n46. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-37 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n47. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n48. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n49. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction,\n\nor was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n50. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n51. The Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n52. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-37 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n53. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n12\n\n54. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n55. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n56. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n57. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$129,151.05 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$129,151.05 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$129,151.05 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$129,151.05 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n6. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount | |\n|--------------------------------------|---------------------------------|------------|-------------------|--|\n| 1 | Leading Shine NY Ltd | 3/5/2020 | \\$
(39,527.55) | |\n| 2 | Golden Spring (New York)
Ltd | 9/17/2020 | (47,680.50) | |\n| 3 | Golden Spring (New York)
Ltd | 10/26/2020 | (27,486.00) | |\n| 4 | Golden Spring (New York)
Ltd | 2/10/2021 | (14,457.00) | |\n| Total -
Payments to Berkeley Rowe | | | | |\n| Ltd | | | \\$(129,151.05) | |","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘），第 11 章受托人 Berkeley Rowe Limited（伯克利罗有限公司）\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师 （如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂斯律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框） 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人 □ 债务人 □ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人 □ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 544 条及第 548 条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及破产申请后转让，并请求相关救济的起诉状，以及根据《破产法典》第 550 条请求相关救济\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为 1，第一个备选诉因为 2，第二个备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□ □ 61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□ □\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□ 63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他 64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 （家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) □\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责 FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ 81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ 91-确认之诉\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权 □ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、 01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n实际欺诈 其他\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 □\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n（续下栏） □ 02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体争点，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件待决地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序待决地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n\nFebruary 12, 2024 Douglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立一个“财产集合”，其中包括债务人位于任何地点的全部财产。由于破产财产范围如此广泛，且法院的管辖权如此宽泛，可能会就该财产集合的财产或财产权产生诉讼。也可能会有涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填妥并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填妥后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要这些信息以处理对抗程序并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不能替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的书状或其他文书。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填妥（或者，如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填妥）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签名。如原告由律师事务所代理，该事务所的一名成员必须签名。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签名。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，[1]\n\n第 11 章\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯潘），第 11 章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\n诉\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\nBERKELEY ROWE LIMITED（伯克利罗有限公司），\n\n被告。\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 544、548 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘）以其作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提交本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP，200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产集合的受托人（仅用于通知和通信目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），针对被告 Berkeley Rowe Limited（伯克利罗有限公司）（“被告”）提出如下陈述：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回：(a) 本第 11 章案件开始前对债务人财产所作的转让；以及 (b) 本第 11 章案件开始后对债务人第 11 章财产集合所作的、未经破产法院授权或未经《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（“Golden Spring”）及 Leading Shine NY Ltd.（“Leading Shine”），于申请日之前（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$129,151.05 的资金。\n\n3. 这些转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分予以实施，并且其作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 544、548 及 550 条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条[2]，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系本第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定任命[案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家在英国注册的私人有限公司，地址为 64 North Row, 5th Floor, London, England, W1K 7DA。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第 11 章提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动本第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。[3] 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露\n\n2 以下对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用，均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代《纽约统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”），于 April 4, 2020 生效，并适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第 273、273a、275、276 及 278 条请求救济。\n\n3 《资产与负债清单》，第 1 页[主案件案卷编号 78]。\n\n债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司持有和/或转让的财产，包括 Leading Shine 和 Golden Spring。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及裁定[主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在本第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该裁定，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出裁定，批准任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘）担任本第 11 章案件的受托人[主案件案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Leading Shine 和 Golden Spring 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。[4] 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用一个复杂的空壳公司网络，该等公司名义上由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属所有，但实际上由债务人控制。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确立债务人的空壳公司是其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上由其所有\n\n4 法院已作出判决，认定 Golden Spring（New York）Limited（纽约黄金之泉有限公司）系债务人的另我。参见 Despins（德斯平斯）诉 Golden Spring（New York）Limited（对抗程序编号 23-5018（“Golden Spring A.P.”），案卷编号 35）。受托人通过援引并入本案受托人在 Golden Spring A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5018，案卷编号 1）。\n\n在对抗程序 Despins 诉 Lamp Capital LLC（朗普资本有限责任公司）等（对抗程序编号 23-5023（“Lamp Capital A.P.”），案卷编号 13）中，已对 Leading Shine（领耀）作出缺席判决；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，认定 Leading Shine 系债务人的另我。受托人通过援引并入本案受托人在 Lamp Capital A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5023，案卷编号 1）。\n\n由债务人控制，并且破产法院已在数个对抗程序中准予该等救济。[5]\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体并在其间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益并对其享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人对抗程序中所处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人系 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（并通过该公司间接成为 Dawn State Limited（曙光州有限公司））的实益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王伊薇特）。[6]\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他声称独立的实体和组织，均由\n\n5 这些包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Mei Guo（梅国）[对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等 [对抗程序编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序编号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited [对抗程序编号 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Lamp Capital LLC 等 [对抗程序编号 23-05023]。\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order（准许认定债务人藐视公司治理命令之动议的命令），¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”))。\n\n由债务人控制[7]、由债务人领导[8]，和/或“服务于……的目的并作为……的商业工具”的债务人。[9]\n\n18. 在破产申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman（利曼）法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——一家最初由债务人的一名厨师所有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——“实质上是”债务人的“一家空壳公司”。[10]\n\n19. 债务人不遗余力地阻碍并拖延其最大债权人之一 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，有限合伙）（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）以 Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX案件”）起诉债务人，请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院取得针对债务人的金额为 $116,402,019.57 的判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX判决——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称该游艇由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓系为债务人的儿子以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中违抗纽约法院命令，最终导致债务人被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction（部分准予初步禁令动议的更正决定备忘录），¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (“The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity ‘GTV’”))。\n\n8 同上，¶ 7（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员在个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021)。\n\n20. 债务人还将其另我，包括 Leading Shine 和 Golden Spring，当作个人提款机，用以资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式，同时将资产隐匿于该等另我之中以躲避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过该等另我实施的转让，实施了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n21. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿其负债，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家人持有的企业提供资金。[11] 债务人仅在清单中列报 $3,850 的资产。[12]\n\n22. 2023年3月，债务人被逮捕，并在等待就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控受审期间持续被羁押。\n\n23. 在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中，United States Government（美国政府）主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的500多个账户，对超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”[13]\n\n24. 债务人的另我，包括 Leading Shine 和 Golden Spring 的财产，在破产申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor’s Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief（关于债务人请求作出临时及最终DIP命令之动议的听证会：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资；(II) 安排临时及最终听证会；及 (III) 准予相关救济）(Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 见注释3\n\n13 见 Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang’s Motion for Pretrial Release（美利坚合众国反对被告 Yanping Wang（王燕萍）审前释放动议的法律备忘录）第29页，作为 Exhibit B 附于 Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）对 G Club Operations LLC（G Club运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提出补充异议的答复中 (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934)。\n\n25. 在与本案相关的所有期间，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）从事商业活动，包括指示作出本起诉状所涉转让。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n26. 本起诉状所涉的转让（定义见本文）（“转让”）均通过债务人的另我空壳公司作出，该等空壳公司作为债务人空壳游戏的一部分运营，因此，该等转让系出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\n27. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便隐匿和耗散数百万美元的资产，同时向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困。债务人声称自己身无分文，同时却大肆挥霍，以维持其本人、家人及亲密同伙的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n28. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。参见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n29. 债务人明知并意图通过以该等方式隐匿和耗散其资产，使得剩余资产不足以偿还其债权人——包括其欺诈行为的众多受害人。因此，该等转让必然是出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\n30. 债务人建立并维持其空壳游戏的能力——该游戏涉及众多另我实体交织而成的复杂网络——除其他事项外，取决于专业事务所提供的服务。\n\n31. 除其他事项外，被告代理 Himalaya International Financial Group Ltd.（喜马拉雅国际金融集团有限公司）（“Himalaya Financial”）和 ACA Capital Group Limited（ACA资本集团有限公司）（“ACA Capital”）。\n\n32. Himalaya Financial 和 ACA Capital 均系债务人控制的实体，该等实体通过隐匿和转让债务人的财产，以阻碍、拖延或欺诈债务人的债权人，从而协助了债务人的犯罪行为。\n\n33. 尤其是，被告就向 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC 提供的虚假贷款代理 ACA Capital，该贷款用于为与债务人的 Lady May 游艇有关的托管提供资金。\n\n34. 债务人故意利用被告的服务延续其财务空壳游戏，以便债务人能够实施并持续实施其欺诈计划，并隐匿和耗散该等计划的所得。\n\n35. 向被告作出的转让构成该等服务的付款，因此亦意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\nE. 向被告作出的转让\n\n36. 在破产申请日之前，债务人使用其另我空壳公司 Leading Shine 和 Golden Spring，或以其他方式，向被告转让债务人的财产（统称为“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n参见随附并构成本文件组成部分的附件A。\n\n37. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（依据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a) 撤销及追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n38. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至37段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n39. 债务人通过其另我 Leading Shine 和 Golden Spring 作出该等转让，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n40. 债务人在实施该等转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\na. 该等转让系利用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让系债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，并在债务人的家人以及其所控制的其他亲信和下属协助下实施，以图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，从而推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，从而推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在作出该等转让时，债务人正遭受诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在作出该等转让时，债务人已资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n41. 该等转让可由受托人依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(i)(A) 撤销，并可依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 撤销及追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n42. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至37段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n43. 该等转让由债务人通过其另我实体Leading Shine（领尚公司）和Golden Spring（金泉公司）作出，其实际意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人。\n\n44. 债务人在实施该等转让时具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，这一点由包括下列情形在内的事实表明：\n\na. 该等转让是通过一家另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 该等转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施，旨在隐瞒和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正被提起诉讼，包括PAX（PAX）在PAX案中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n45. 受托人可依据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276以及《破产法》section 544(b)撤销该等转让，并可依据《破产法》section 550(a)追回该等转让。\n第三项请求\n（依据《破产法》sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a)撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n46. 受托人重述并再次主张第1-37段所载的指控，视同在此完整列明。\n\n47. 债务人就该等转让所获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n48. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无力偿债，或者因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n49. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正在从事一项业务或交易，或者即将从事一项业务或交易，而债务人保留的任何财产构成不合理地少的资本。\n\n50. 在该等转让发生时，债务人意图承担，或者相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时超出其偿还能力的债务。\n\n51. 该等转让构成欺诈性转让，受托人可依据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B)予以撤销，并可依据《破产法》section 550(a)予以追回。\n第四项请求\n（依据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276以及《破产法》sections 544(b) and 550(a)撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n52. 受托人重述并再次主张第1-37段所载的指控，视同在此完整列明。\n\n53. 债务人就该等转让未获得合理等值对价。\n\n54. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无力偿债，或者债务人因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n55. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正在从事一项业务或交易，或者即将从事一项业务或交易，而债务人保留的任何财产构成不合理地少的资本。\n\n56. 在该等转让发生时，债务人意图承担，或者相信或理应相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时超出其偿还能力的债务。\n\n57. 受托人可依据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276以及《破产法》section 544(b)撤销该等转让，并可依据《破产法》section 550(a)追回该等转让。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$129,151.05的该等转让依据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(A)予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及(c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$129,151.05的该等转让依据《破产法》section 544(b)和N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276予以撤销；并且，就2020年4月4日之前的转让，依据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及(c) 根据N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276和《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$129,151.05的该等转让依据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B)予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及(c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$129,151.05的该等转让依据《破产法》section 544(b)和N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276予以撤销；并且，就2020年4月4日之前的转让，依据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及(c) 根据N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276和《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 向受托人裁定自本起诉状提交之日至本案判决之日，按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n6. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（LUC A. DESPINS）\n第11章受托人\n\n签字：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第11章受托人的代理律师\n\n附表A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 Leading Shine NY Ltd（Leading Shine NY Ltd） 3/5/2020 $\n(39,527.55)\n\n2 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司） 9/17/2020 (47,680.50)\n\n3 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司） 10/26/2020 (27,486.00)\n\n4 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司） 2/10/2021 (14,457.00)\n\n合计－\n向Berkeley Rowe Ltd（Berkeley Rowe Ltd）付款 $(129,151.05)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Himalaya","Guo","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5342,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:19:34"}