{"id":"court_ctb_2800_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2800,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | Wildes & Weinberg, P.C, | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | | | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor | □ Other | | | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and
related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□ | □
□ | 61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | | | |\n| 12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□ | 68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□ | | | | | |\n| 13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other | 63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | | | | |\n| | | (other than domestic support) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien | □
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | |\n| □
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□ | | | | | |\n| □
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | 71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | | | | | | |\n| □
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | | | |\n| | | 81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□ | | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment | | | | |\n| 51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | 91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability | | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action | | | | |\n| □
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□ | □ | 01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | | | |\n| 62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud | | | | | | |\n| □
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | Other
□ | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq. | | | | |\n| (continued next column) | □ | 02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | | | |\n| | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n\n**B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | | | | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| /s/Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| DATE | | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | | |\n| February 12, 2024 | | Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,[1](#page-2-0)\n\nDebtors.\n\nChapter 11\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nWILDES & WEINBERG, P.C.,\n\nDefendant.\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Wildes & Weinberg, P.C. (the\n\n\"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n 1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate perpetrated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Golden Spring (New York) Ltd., (\"Golden Spring\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$115,600.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant, as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York professional corporation with an address at 515 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022.\n\n### FACTS\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.[2](#page-4-0) While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Golden Spring.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n 2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Golden Spring is one of numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.[3](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—much of which the Debtor obtained through his fraudulent investment and cryptocurrency schemes—while concealing this property from his creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.[4](#page-5-1)\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n 3 The Court has entered judgment to the effect that Golden Spring was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018 (the \"Golden Spring A.P.\"), Docket No. 35). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Golden Spring A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Golden Spring, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor perpetrated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Golden Spring, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Golden Spring, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to perpetrate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Golden Spring.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Golden Spring, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n5\n\n21. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alterego shell company, Golden Spring.\n\n25. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of an interest in property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$115,600.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n### [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 12, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas S. Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2800 Filed 02/12/24 Entered 02/12/24 18:54:07 Page 11 of 11\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------------------------------------------|------------------------------|----------|-----------------|\n| 1 | Golden Spring (New York) Ltd | 1/4/2023 | \\$ (115,600.00) |\n| Total - Payments to Wildes & Weinberg PC | \\$ (115,600.00) | | |","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 Wildes & Weinberg, P.C.（怀尔兹与温伯格专业公司）\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙泰思专业公司）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框） 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人 □ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人 □ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因 （请简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条，请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后转让及\n相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1，第一个备选诉因为2，第二个备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□ □\n□ 61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□ 68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他 63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围 □\n65-可免责性 - 其他\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) 71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n81-债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n51-撤销确认 □ 91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性 FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□ □ 01-对已移送债权或诉因的裁定\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 其他\n□ SS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n（续见下一栏） □ 02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案依据 FRCP 23 属于集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/Douglas S. Skalka\n\n律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n日期\n\nFebruary 12, 2024 Douglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立一个“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛，且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中获取表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规则所要求提交及送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大体不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请按照起诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名准确填写。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律所代理，必须由该律所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，[1]\n\n债务人。\n\n第11章\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n（合并管理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n诉\n\nFebruary 12, 2024\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nWILDES & WEINBERG, P.C.（怀尔兹与温伯格专业公司），\n\n被告。\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其获任命担任 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok（郭）”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告 Wildes & Weinberg, P.C.（怀尔兹与温伯格专业公司）（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui（郭文贵）、Miles Guo（郭文贵）及 Miles Kwok（郭文贵），并使用众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（杰尼弗控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（杰尼弗控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC（杰尼弗控股有限责任公司）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（杰尼弗控股公司）的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后实施、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财团财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd.（金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）（“Golden Spring”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $115,600.00 的资金。\n\n3. 因为该等破产申请提交后对破产财团财产的转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条被撤销并追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告为一家纽约专业公司，地址为 515 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章寻求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所列第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元债务。[2] 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 Golden Spring（金泉））持有和转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）为第11章案件中的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案件，Docket No. 78）。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Golden Spring（金泉）是债务人用以欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。[3] 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由其家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——其中很大一部分由债务人通过其欺诈性投资和加密货币计划取得——同时向其债权人隐匿该等财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，其中包括确立债务人的空壳公司系其另我，及/或该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平所有；且破产法院已在数项对抗程序中准予该等救济。[4]\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属及/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 以现金购买的资产，来自\n\n3 法院已作出判决，认定 Golden Spring（金泉）系债务人的另我。见 Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（德斯平斯诉金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018（“Golden Spring A.P.”），Docket No. 35）。受托人在此通过援引将受托人在 Golden Spring A.P.（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018，Docket No. 1）中提交的起诉状并入本文。\n\n4 这些对抗程序包括如下：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限责任公司）等人[对抗程序案号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司）等人[对抗程序案号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（梅国）[对抗程序案号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等人[对抗程序案号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等人[对抗程序案号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[对抗程序案号 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等人[对抗程序案号 23-05023]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体，和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转移，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益并对其享有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其替身实体，包括 Golden Spring，作为个人钱袋，用于资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢靡生活方式，同时向其债权人隐匿该等替身实体中的资产，并阻碍及拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等替身实体实施的转移延续了债务人的欺诈计划。包括 Golden Spring 在内的该等替身实体的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳游戏及欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的全部财产，包括 Golden Spring，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》承担的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于 Golden Spring。\n\n19. 该等申请后转移均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转移\n\n20. 申请日后，债务人通过包括 Golden Spring 在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，向被告转移了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（统称“该转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n21. 在该转移发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告为该转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法》第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转移）\n\n23. 受托人重复援引并再次主张第1至22段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n24. 该转移由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其替身空壳公司 Golden Spring 作出。\n\n25. 该转移发生于申请日后。\n\n26. 该转移未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该转移构成对债务人第11章破产财产中财产权益的未经授权转移。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该转移可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该转移或其价值，并取得截至付款日的利息及本诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不低于 $115,600.00 的该转移根据《破产法》第549条被撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该转移；及 (c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 12, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（ct00616）\nPatrick R. Linsey（ct29437）\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n案件 22-50073 文书 2800 提交日期 02/12/24 登记日期 02/12/24 18:54:07 第 11 页，共 11 页\n\n附表A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd 1/4/2023 $ (115,600.00)\n\n合计－向 Wildes & Weinberg PC（怀尔兹和温伯格律师事务所）的付款 $ (115,600.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3094,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:42:53"}