{"id":"court_ctb_2804_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2804,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | Weddle Law PPLC | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
x
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n**B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|--|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF
DEFENDANT | | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| February 12, 2024 | | Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered)
x | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
:
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
:
TRUSTEE,
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
v.
:
: | | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] | |\n| | : | February 13, 2024 | |\n| WEDDLE LAW PLLC, | :
: | | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Defendant.
: | x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Weddle Law PLLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies (\"HCHK Technologies\"), HCHK Property Management Inc. (\"HCHK Property\") and G Club Operations LLC (\"G Club Operations\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$585,655.80 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is New York professional limited liability company with offices located at 37 West 20th Street, Suite 1206, New York, New York 10011.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations are some of the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n3 Default has entered against HCHK Technologies and HCHK Property in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK Technologies and HCHK Property is the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against G Club Operations, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that G Club Operations was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, HCHK Technologies, HCHK Property, and G Club Operations.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n## *[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$585,655.80 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 13, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas S. Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_*\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人） Weddle Law PPLC（韦德尔律师事务所职业有限责任公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ U.S.\nTrustee/Bankruptcy Admin（美国受托人/破产管理人）\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy\nAdmin（美国受托人/破产管理人）\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\nx\n□ 受托人\n\n诉因 （简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回破产申请提交后转让，并寻求相关救济的起诉书\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多填写五（5）项，从主要诉因作为1开始，第一备选诉因作为2，第二备选诉因作为3，依此类推。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产追回\n□\n11-金钱/财产追回 - §542 财产交还\n□\n12-金钱/财产追回 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-金钱/财产追回 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-金钱/财产追回 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的效力、优先顺位或范围\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性（续）\n□\n61-可解除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可解除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的损害\n□\n63-可解除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可解除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-可解除性 - 其他\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的效力、优先顺位或范围\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性\n□\n66-可解除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-可解除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可解除性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送的债权或诉因的裁定\n\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 本案如涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案系依据 FRCP 23 的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉书中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人名称 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告\n被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名（正楷）\n\nFebruary 12, 2024 Douglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院的管辖范围内设立一项“财产集合”，其中包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产集合范围广泛，且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就该财产集合的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能会发生涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如在破产法院提起该等诉讼，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中会获取表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该信息以处理对抗程序，并编制关于法院活动的必要统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文书。该封面页大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉书均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写原告和被告在起诉书中所列的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告、在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的一项。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉书中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n: 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （合并管理）\nx\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n:\n受托人，\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n诉\n:\n: 对抗程序编号 [ ]\n: February 13, 2024\nWEDDLE LAW PLLC（韦德尔律师事务所职业有限责任公司）， :\n\n被告。\n: x\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回破产申请提交后转让并寻求相关救济的起诉书\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok（郭）”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，对被告 Weddle Law PLLC（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉书（“起诉书”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人是 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产集合的受托人（仅用于通知和通信）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人财产集合财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另一自我空壳公司 HCHK Technologies（“HCHK Technologies”）、HCHK Property Management Inc.（“HCHK Property”）和 G Club Operations LLC（“G Club Operations”），在申请日（定义见下文）后向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$585,655.80 的资金。\n\n3. 因为这些破产申请提交后作出的财产集合财产转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约州职业有限责任公司，办事处位于 37 West 20th Street, Suite 1206, New York, New York 10011。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“本院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》《美国法典》第11编第11章寻求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而开始上述第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务。2 虽然债务人的确负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另一自我空壳公司持有和转让的财产，包括 HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property 和 G Club Operations。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出备忘录式裁决和命令 [主案 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 担任第11章案件的受托人 [主案 Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案，Docket No. 78）。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property 和 G Club Operations 是债务人用于欺诈其债权人的众多另一自我空壳公司中的一部分。3 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，使用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司是其另一自我，及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；且在数项对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属及/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 以现金购买的资产，\n\n3 在对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），Docket No. 139）中，已对 HCHK Technologies 和 HCHK Property 作出缺席裁定；该对抗程序寻求的救济包括确认 HCHK Technologies 和 HCHK Property 是债务人的另一自我的确认判决。受托人将其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉书（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013，Docket No. 1）作为本文的一部分以引用方式并入。\n\n受托人已经或将立即对G Club Operations（G Club运营公司）提起一项对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出宣告性判决，确认G Club Operations系债务人的另我。受托人通过援引将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状纳入本文。\n\n4 这些对抗程序包括如下程序：(i) 第11章受托人Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）诉HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments（USA）有限责任公司）等人 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) 第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等人 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) 第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Mei Guo（郭梅）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) 第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等人 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) 第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等人 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) 第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Golden Spring (New York) Limited（Golden Spring（纽约）有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及(vii) 第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等人 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体，和/或在空壳实体之间无偿转移，以及(iii)债务人从该等资产中受益并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另我，包括HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property（HCHK地产公司）和G Club Operations，用作个人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已经习惯的奢华生活提供资金，同时将资产隐藏于该等另我之中以规避其债权人，并妨碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等另我实施的转移延续了债务人的欺诈计划。该等另我的财产，包括HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property和G Club Operations，在申请日之前始终属于债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏和欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我持有的全部财产，包括HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property和G Club Operations，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的财产。见11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》所承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property和G Club Operations。\n\n19. 该等申请后转移均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转移\n\n20. 在申请日后，债务人通过包括HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property和G Club Operations在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，将债务人第11章破产财产的财产转移给被告（统称“该等转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文一部分的附表A。\n\n21. 在该等转移发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告系该等转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法》第549条和第550(a)条撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转移之请求）\n\n23. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至22段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出该等转移，包括通过其另我空壳公司HCHK Technologies、HCHK Property和G Club Operations作出该等转移。\n\n25. 该等转移发生于申请日后。\n\n26. 该等转移未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转移构成对债务人第11章破产财产财产的未经授权转移。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该等转移可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转移或其价值，并加计至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于\\$585,655.80的该等转移根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；及(b) 命令撤销该等转移；及(c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该等转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 13, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka____________*__* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["HCHK","Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2905,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:45:10"}