{"id":"court_ctb_2813_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2813,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
NATURE OF SUIT | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| In re: | :
:
: | Chapter 11 | |\n|------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------|--|\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) | |\n| TRUSTEE, | -----------------------------------------------------------
x
:
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
: | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] | |\n| v.
IASON & ANELLO P.C., | :
:
:
MORVILLO ABRAMOWITZ GRAND
:
: | February 13, 2024 | |\n| Defendant. | :
:
x | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary proceeding complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Morvillo Abramowitz Grand Iason & Anello P.C. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, HCHK Property Management Inc. (\"HCHK Property\") and Lexington Property and Staffing Inc. (\"Lexington\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$992,535.80 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a New York professional service corporation with an address at 565 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10017.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Lexington and HCHK Property.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A.\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDespins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. HCHK Property and Lexington are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n3 Default has entered against Lexington and HCHK Property and Lexington in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Lexington and HCHK Property were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK Property, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos effectuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including HCHK Property, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including HCHK Property and Lexington, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, HCHK Property and Lexington.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n5\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies, HCHK\n\nProperty and Lexington, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Debtor.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell companies, HCHK Property and Lexington.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's\n\nchapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n## *[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$992,535.80 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 13, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka*\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址和电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人／破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人／破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉讼理由\n诉讼性质 （简要说明诉讼理由，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉讼理由为 1，第一备选诉讼理由为 2，第二备选诉讼理由为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1)－金钱／财产追回\n□\n11－金钱／财产追回－§542 财产交付\n□\n12－金钱／财产追回－§547 优先受偿\n□\n13－金钱／财产追回－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－金钱／财产追回－其他\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6)－债务可否免除（续）\n□\n61－可否免除－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n□\n68－可否免除－§523(a)(6)，故意且恶意造成的损害\n□\n63－可否免除－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可否免除－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65－可否免除－其他\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) FRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4)－对债务免除提出异议／撤销债务免除\n□\n41－对债务免除提出异议／撤销债务免除－§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益次级化\n□\n81－债权或权益次级化\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6)－债务可否免除\n□\n66－可否免除－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62－可否免除－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可否免除－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01－对已移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02－其他（例如，若与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 \\$\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所涉破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件待决地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会产生由破产法院管辖的“破产财产”，其中包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利产生诉讼。也可能会产生关于债务人债务免除的诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院案件管理／电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中会获取表格 1040 所载信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请按照起诉状中的记载准确填写原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部）\n\n关于： ：\n：\n： 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n：\n： （合并管理）\nTRUSTEE（受托人）， -----------------------------------------------------------\nx\n：\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n：\n：\n：\n原告，\n： 对抗程序编号 [ ]\n诉\nMORVILLO ABRAMOWITZ GRAND IASON & ANELLO P.C.（莫维洛·阿布拉莫维茨·格兰德·艾森与阿内洛专业公司）， ：\n：\n：\n被告。 ：\n： 2024年2月13日\nx\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins 以其作为 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提出本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），起诉被告 Morvillo Abramowitz Grand Iason & Anello P.C.（“被告”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，以 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产受托人的身份（仅供通知和通信之用）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销及追回在本第 11 章案件开始后进行、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人第 11 章破产财产转让。\n\n2. 在申请提交日后，债务人通过其替身空壳公司 HCHK Property Management Inc.（“HCHK Property”）和 Lexington Property and Staffing Inc.（“Lexington”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计 \\$992,535.80 的资金。\n\n3. 因为该等申请提交后的破产财产转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可依据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 2022年7月8日作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家纽约专业服务公司，地址为 565 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10017。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 2022年2月15日（“申请提交日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“本院”或“破产法院”）提交了根据《破产法典》第 11 章申请救济的自愿申请，从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 2022年3月21日，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 2022年3月向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人的确负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多替身空壳公司持有和／或转让的财产，包括 Lexington 和 HCHK Property。\n\n12. 2022年6月15日，破产法院作出裁决备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 作为受托人。2022年7月8日，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页 [主案件 Docket No. 78]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. HCHK Property 和 Lexington 是债务人用以阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人的众多替身空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和／或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和／或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其替身和／或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有在内的目的；在数项对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n3 在 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”）, Docket No. 139）对抗程序中，Lexington 和 HCHK Property 及 Lexington 已被记载缺席；该对抗程序所寻求的救济包括确认 Lexington 和 HCHK Property 系债务人的替身的确认判决。受托人通过引用将其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉状（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1）纳入本案。\n\n4 该等程序包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和／或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制的实体的现金购置的资产，和／或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另我实体，包括 HCHK Property（HCHK房地产），用作私人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢靡生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于该等另我实体中，以躲避其债权人，并阻挠及拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等另我实体实施的转让，促成了债务人的欺诈计划。在申请日之前的任何时候，该等另我实体的财产，包括 HCHK Property，均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳实体游戏及欺诈行为在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的所有财产，包括 HCHK Property 和 Lexington（列克星敦），均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人明目张胆地无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 HCHK Property 和 Lexington。\n\n19. 该等申请后转让均未获破产法院授权，亦未根据《破产法》获得授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 HCHK Property 和 Lexington，或以其他方式，向被告转让了破产财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于以下各项：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告是债务人的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n23. 受托人重复主张并重新援引第 1 至 22 段所载指控，如同在本文中全文载明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出该等转让，包括通过其另我空壳公司 HCHK Property 和 Lexington 作出该等转让。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第 549(a) 条，该等转让可以撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并自转让之日起至付款之日止收取利息，以及本诉讼的费用。\n\n［本页其余部分故意留白。］\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$992,535.80 的该等转让根据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 按法定最高利率，判给受托人自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n［本页其余部分故意留白］\n\n日期：February 13, 2024\nNew Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\n第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["HCHK","Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2614,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:20:06"}