{"id":"court_ctb_2817_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2817,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | Wedlake Bell LLP | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | | | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas Skalka | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n| February 13, 2024 | | Douglas Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
:
Chapter 11
: |\n| HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | 1 | :
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [
]
:
: |\n| | | :
:
February
13, 2024 |\n| WEDLAKE BELL LLP, | | :
: |\n| | Defendant. | :
:
x |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Wedlake Bell LLP (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate perpetrated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, Lexington Property and Staffing Inc. (\"Lexington\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$161,996.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.[2](#page-3-0)\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief under N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273,273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a United Kingdom limited liability partnership with an address and place of business at 71 Queen Victoria Street, EC4V 4AY, London, United Kingdom.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities[.](#page-4-0)3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Lexington.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A.\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\nDespins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Lexington is one of the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.[4](#page-5-0) For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.[5](#page-5-1)\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n4 Default has entered against Lexington in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Lexington was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23- 5013, Docket No. 1).\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Lexington, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Lexington, was at all times property of the Debtor.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Lexington, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Lexington.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Lexington, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, Lexington.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$161,996.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 13, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka*\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 [dskalka@npmlaw.com](mailto:dskalka@npmlaw.com) [plinsey@npmlaw.com](mailto:plinsey@npmlaw.com) *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n#### **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | | Amount |\n|--------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|------------|----|--------------|\n| 1 | Lexington Property and Staffing Inc | 11/3/2022 | \\$ | (22,832.00) |\n| 2 | Lexington Property and Staffing Inc | 11/23/2022 | | (63,714.00) |\n| 3 | Lexington Property and Staffing Inc | 1/6/2023 | | (75,450.00) |\n| Total - Payments to Wedlake Bell LLP | | | | (161,996.00) |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 Wedlake Bell LLP（韦德莱克·贝尔有限责任合伙）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思职业公司）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n\n诉因 （简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条提起的诉状，请求撤销并追回申请提交后转移，以及寻求相关救济\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产返还\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转移\n□\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的损害\n□\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65－可免责性－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财团财产及共有人的财产－§363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后顺位\n□\n81－债权或权益的劣后顺位\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91－确认判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01－对被移送的债权或诉因作出裁定\n\n其他\n□\nSS－SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02－其他（例如，若与破产案件无关原本将在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体性问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件案号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas Skalka\n\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n\nFebruary 13, 2024 Douglas Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财团”，该财团由债务人的所有财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能存在涉及债务人免责的诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交程序中收集表格1040所载信息。）完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制有关法院活动的必要统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。准确填写原告和被告在诉状中所载的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该所成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n:\n第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， 1 :\n案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n:\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n对抗程序编号：[\n]\n\nFebruary\n13, 2024\nWEDLAKE BELL LLP（韦德莱克·贝尔有限责任合伙）， :\n\n被告。 :\n:\nx\n\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条和第550条提起的诉状，请求撤销并追回申请提交后转移，以及寻求相关救济\n\nLuc A. Despins以其在Ho Wan Kwok（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）身份，针对被告Wedlake Bell LLP（以下简称“被告”）提交本对抗诉状（以下简称“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo及Miles Kwok，以及众多其他化名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC和Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财团受托人（仅供通知和通信之用）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后实施、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财团财产转移。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司Lexington Property and Staffing Inc.（以下简称“Lexington”），在申请日后（定义如下）向作为初始受让人的被告转移了$161,996.00的资金。\n\n3. 因为该等申请提交后对破产财团财产的转移未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销并追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院根据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文请求救济的法定依据包括11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550。[2]\n\n当事人\n\n2 下文对《纽约债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），于April 4, 2020生效，并适用于在April 4, 2020当日或之后作出的转移或承担的义务。对于April 4, 2020之前的转移，受托人根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273,273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278寻求救济。\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令[Case No. 22-50073（以下简称“主案”）Docket No. 523]获任命。\n\n8. 被告是一家英国有限责任合伙企业，其地址和营业地点为71 Queen Victoria Street, EC4V 4AY, London, United Kingdom。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（以下简称“本院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11编第11章申请救济的申请书（以下简称“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所示第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。未任命审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有$3,850资产，并负有数亿美元债务。[3] 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括Lexington）持有和/或转移的财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A.\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案，Docket No. 78）。\n\nDespins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins为第11章案件中的受托人[主案Docket No. 523]。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Lexington是债务人用于欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。[4] 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由其家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和转移数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人在第11章案件中提起了多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有在内的目的；且在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已经准予该等救济。[5]\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 以现金购买的资产\n\n4 在对抗诉讼 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013，即“HCHK Entities A.P.”，Docket No. 139）中，已对 Lexington（列克星敦）作出缺席判决；该对抗诉讼除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，确认 Lexington 系债务人的另我。受托人特此以援引方式纳入受托人在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉状（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1）。\n\n5 其中包括以下对抗诉讼：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘斯），第11章受托人，v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，v. Mei Guo（梅国）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，v. Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将包括 Lexington 在内的其另我用作个人提款机，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于该等另我之中以躲避其债权人，并妨碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过该等另我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。该等另我（包括 Lexington）的财产在任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳游戏和欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过包括 Lexington 在内的其另我持有的全部财产，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日后，债务人公然漠视破产法院及其根据《破产法典》承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司（包括但不限于 Lexington）实施转让。\n\n19. 该等申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法典》授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 在申请日后，债务人通过包括 Lexington 在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产中的财产（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n22. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追收未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n23. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 22 段所载指控，如同在此完整载明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出该等转让，包括通过其另我空壳公司 Lexington 作出转让。\n\n25. 该等转让发生于申请日后。\n\n26. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 该等转让可根据《破产法典》第 549(a) 条予以撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追收该等转让或其价值，并追收截至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $161,996.00 的转让已根据《破产法典》第 549 条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追收该等转让，或由受托人选择追收其价值；\n\n2. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人判给判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 13, 2024\nNew Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签字人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林齐）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\n[dskalka@npmlaw.com]\n[plinsey@npmlaw.com]\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附表 A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 Lexington Property and Staffing Inc（列克星敦物业与人力配置公司） 11/3/2022 $ (22,832.00)\n\n2 Lexington Property and Staffing Inc 11/23/2022 (63,714.00)\n\n3 Lexington Property and Staffing Inc 1/6/2023 (75,450.00)\n\n合计—向 Wedlake Bell LLP（韦德莱克·贝尔有限责任合伙企业）的付款 (161,996.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","HCHK","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3008,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:53:23"}