{"id":"court_ctb_2818_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2818,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | | O.S.C. Orbit II Service Company LLC | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | |\n| □ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | □ Debtor | □ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | |\n| □ Creditor
□ Other | □ Creditor | □ Other
x | | |\n| □ Trustee | □ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers, preferential transfers, and
postpetition transfers and related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544,547,548, and
550 and New York Debtor and Creditor Law Sections 273, 274, and 276 | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property | | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued) | | |\n| □
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property | □
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | | |\n| □
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□ | □
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□ | | | |\n| 13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□ | 63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□ | | | |\n| 14-Recovery of money/property - other | | 64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien | (other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| □
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | | |\n| □
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □ | □
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay | | |\n| | | 72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□ | | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | |\n| 41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | 81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation | | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment | | |\n| □
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | 91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability | | | | |\n| □
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims | □ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | |\n| □
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | | | | |\n| actual fraud | Other | | | |\n| □
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | □
□ | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq. | | |\n| (continued next column) | | 02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | |\n| | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho Wan Kwok | | 22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| | | | | |\n| February 13, 2024 | | Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| O.S.C. ORBIT II SERVICE
COMPANY LLC, | :
:
: | February 13, 2024 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Defendant.
: | x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS, AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant O.S.C. Orbit II Service Company LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, HCHK Technologies, Inc. (\"HCHK\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$120,167.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n# **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Connecticut limited liability company with an address located at 101 Merritt 7 Corporate Place, 3rd Floor, Norwalk, Connecticut 06851.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including, HCHK.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nappointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. HCHK is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n4 Default has entered against HCHK in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK is the alter ego of the Debtor. A motion to set aside the default is currently pending. (Docket no. 172). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including HCHK, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfer at issue in this Complaint.\n\n### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n26. The Transfer (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n27. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n28. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **E. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n30. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell company, HCHK, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n31. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n32. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n33. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n34. The Transfer was made by the Debtor through his alter ego, HCHK, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n8\n\n35. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfer is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Transfer was effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n- b. The Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\n- f. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\t- g. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n36. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and is recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfer pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n37. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n38. The Transfer was made by the Debtor, through his alter ego, HCHK, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n39. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfer is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfer was effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfer was effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfer the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n40. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n41. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n42. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfer.\n\n43. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Transfer.\n\n44. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n45. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n46. The Transfer constitutes a fraudulent transfer and is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-32 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n49. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Transfer.\n\n50. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n11\n\n51. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n52. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$120,167.00 is avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$120,167.00 is avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$120,167.00 is avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$120,167.00 is avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transferor the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant\n\nfor the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n6. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 13, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka*\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面表\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 O.S.C. Orbit II Service Company LLC（O.S.C. Orbit II 服务公司有限责任公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂斯律师事务所）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框） 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人 □ 债务人 □ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他 □ 债权人 □ 其他\nx\n□ 受托人 □ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第544、547、548及550条以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让、优先受偿转让及申请后转让，并请求相关救济的诉状\n\n诉讼性质\n（从主诉因作为1开始编号，最多填写五（5）个方框；第一备选诉因作为2，第二备选诉因作为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 交还财产 □\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□ □\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意损害\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□ 63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他 64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的效力、优先顺位或范围 （家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的效力、优先顺位或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产 FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) □ □\n71-禁令救济 – 施加停止\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的次级化\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) □ 81-债权或权益的次级化\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 宣告性判决\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ 91-宣告性判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权 □ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01-对移送的债权或诉因作出裁定\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈 其他\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 □\n□ SS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n（续见下一栏） 02-其他（例如，与破产案件无关时本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法的实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073 (JAM)\n案件审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\n\nFebruary 13, 2024 Douglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财产”，其包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财产的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即对抗程序封面表，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中采集表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，封面表概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面表及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文书。该封面表大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份已提交的诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写原告和被告在诉状中所列的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的金额。\n\n签名。本封面表必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n: 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 :\n:\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n:\n: x\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\nO.S.C. ORBIT II SERVICE\nCOMPANY LLC（O.S.C. ORBIT II 服务公司有限责任公司）， :\n:\n: February 13, 2024\n\n被告。\n: x\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第544、548及550条以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他化名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗诉状（“诉状”），针对被告 O.S.C. Orbit II Service Company LLC（“被告”）提起，并陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人依据《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回于本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其替身空壳公司 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（“HCHK”），在申请日之前（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了 \\$120,167.00 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，并且系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本法院。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第544、548及550条以及《纽约债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条2，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n\n2 对《纽约债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用，下文均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代《纽约统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中依据 NYUFC 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278 请求救济。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523] 获任命。\n\n8. 被告是一家康涅狄格州有限责任公司，地址为 101 Merritt 7 Corporate Place, 3rd Floor, Norwalk, Connecticut 06851。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院（“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第11章提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产并承担数亿美元的负债。3 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多替身空壳公司（包括 HCHK）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录和命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第1页 [主案件 Docket No. 78]。\n\n任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）为第11章案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. HCHK 是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人所使用的众多替身空壳公司之一。4 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳把戏”，利用由家庭成员、副手和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。这一空壳把戏使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，除其他事项外，以确立债务人的空壳公司系其替身，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在其中若干案件中，破产法院已准予该等救济。5\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 以来自\n\n4. 在对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（Despins 诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc. 等案）（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），Docket No. 139）中，已对 HCHK 作出缺席登记；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，确认 HCHK 为债务人的另一个自我。目前，一项撤销该缺席登记的动议尚待裁定。(Docket no. 172)。受托人在此以引用方式并入其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的受托人起诉状（Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1）。\n\n5. 其中包括下列对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资〈美国〉有限公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）v. Mei Guo（郭美）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK 科技公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）v. Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转移，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产拥有控制权及支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人对抗程序中涉及的事项外，Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（曙光州有限公司））的受益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王月）。6\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均受债务人控制7，由债务人领导8，和/或服务于债务人的“宗旨……并作为债务人的商业工具”。9\n\n18. 在 Petition Date（申请日）之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方盈利有限公司）——该实体最初由债务人的一名厨师所有，后转让给债务人的女儿——“实质上是”债务人的“一家空壳公司”。10\n\n6. Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order（准许动议、认定债务人违反公司治理命令构成藐视法庭的命令）, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”).\n\n7. Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction（经更正的部分准许初步禁令动议的裁决备忘录）, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (“The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity ‘GTV’”).\n\n8. 同上，第 ¶ 7 段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（吹哨人运动）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9. 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的宗旨，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员对债务人个人忠诚。”）。\n\n10. Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n19. 债务人竭尽全力阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金有限合伙企业）（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017 年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“New York Court”）对债务人提起诉讼，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX Case”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021 年 2 月 3 日，PAX 从纽约州法院取得针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX Judgment”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May（“五月花”号），债务人虚假声称该游艇归其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓由信托为债务人的儿子持有。债务人在判决后程序中违抗纽约州法院命令，最终导致其承担 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚金。\n\n20. 债务人还将其另一个自我，包括 HCHK，当作个人的提款箱，在将资产隐匿于这些另一个自我、使债权人无法发现，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿的同时，为其本人及其家人惯常享有的奢华生活提供资金。债务人通过这些另一个自我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n21. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿其负债，其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅在资产清单中列示 $3,850 的资产。12\n\n11. Hearing on Debtor’s Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief（关于债务人请求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令之动议的听证会，该命令：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资；(II) 安排临时及最终听证会；及 (III) 给予相关救济）(Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12. 见注释 3。\n\n22. 2023 年 3 月，债务人被逮捕，并在就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控受审前持续被羁押。\n\n23. United States Government（美国政府）在其针对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少 80 个不同实体或个人名义持有的 500 多个账户，清洗了逾 $1 billion 的欺诈所得。”13\n\n24. 债务人另一个自我的财产，包括 HCHK 的财产，在申请日之前始终属于债务人的财产。\n\n25. 在与本案有关的所有期间，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）开展业务，包括指示实施本起诉状所涉的申请前转让。\n\nD. 以阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人为目的作出的转让\n\n26. 本起诉状所涉的 Transfer（如下文所定义）系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，因为该等转让均通过债务人的另一个自我空壳公司作出，该等空壳公司作为债务人空壳游戏的一部分而运营。\n\n27. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元的资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，却同时大量支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及其亲密关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n13. 见 Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang’s Motion for Pretrial Release（美利坚合众国反对被告 Yanping Wang（王燕平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录）第 29 页，作为 Exhibit B 附于 Chapter 11 Trustee（第 11 章受托人）对 G Club Operations LLC（G Club 运营有限责任公司）补充反对受托人强制履行之动议及相关救济请求的答复（June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934）。\n\n28. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美国诉郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n29. 债务人知悉并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，使其剩余资产不足以偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因而，该等转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出的。\n\nE. 向被告作出的转让\n\n30. 在申请日之前，债务人利用其另一个自我空壳公司 HCHK，或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给被告（统称为“Transfer”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的 SCHEDULE A。\n\n31. 在作出 Transfer 时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未偿义务。\n\n32. 被告是 Transfer 的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n33. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 32 段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n34. 债务人通过其另一个自我 HCHK 作出 Transfer，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n35. 债务人在实施 Transfer 时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，由包括下列事项在内的事实表明：\n\na. Transfer 是利用另一个自我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. Transfer 对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. Transfer 是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，在债务人为隐匿和遮蔽资产而控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施；\n\nd. Transfer 使债务人能够从其欺诈中获益，而不使其财产受债权人追索，从而进一步促成债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. Transfer 使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受债权人追索，从而进一步促成债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在作出 Transfer 时，债务人正受到诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX Case 中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在作出 Transfer 时，债务人资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n36. 受托人可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A) 撤销 Transfer，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回该 Transfer。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n37. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 32 段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n38. 债务人通过其另一个自我 HCHK 作出 Transfer，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n39. 债务人在实施 Transfer 时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，由包括下列事项在内的事实表明：\n\na. Transfer 是利用另一个自我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. Transfer 对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. Transfer 是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，在债务人为隐匿和遮蔽资产而控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施；\n\nd. Transfer 使债务人能够从其欺诈中获益，而不使其财产受债权人追索，从而进一步促成债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. Transfer 使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受债权人追索，从而进一步促成债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在作出 Transfer 时，债务人正受到诉讼，包括 PAX 在 PAX Case 中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在作出 Transfer 时，债务人资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n40. 受托人可根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 撤销 Transfer，并可根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回该 Transfer。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a) 撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n41. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 32 段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n42. 债务人为 Transfer 所取得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n43. 在作出 Transfer 时，债务人资不抵债，或因 Transfer 而陷入资不抵债。\n\n44. 在该转让发生时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产作为资本数额均属不合理地微小。\n\n45. 在该转让发生时，债务人意图承担，或相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时其无能力偿还的债务。\n\n46. 该转让构成欺诈性转让，受托人可依据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B) 撤销该转让，并可依据《破产法》section 550(a) 追偿。\n第四项请求\n（依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 请求撤销及追偿推定欺诈性转让）\n\n47. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至32段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人未就该等转让获得合理等值的对价。\n\n49. 在该转让发生时，债务人已无力清偿债务，或债务人因该转让而变得无力清偿债务。\n\n50. 在该转让发生时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人剩余的任何财产作为资本数额均属不合理地微小。\n\n51. 在该转让发生时，债务人意图承担，或相信或理应相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时其无能力偿还的债务。\n\n52. 受托人可依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 撤销该转让，并可依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追偿该转让。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n请求救济\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $120,167.00 的该转让依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A) 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追偿该转让或由受托人选择追偿其价值，以使债务人财产受益；\n\n2. 就第二项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $120,167.00 的该转让依据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 及 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追偿该转让或由受托人选择追偿其价值，以使债务人财产受益；\n\n3. 就第三项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $120,167.00 的该转让依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(B) 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该转让；以及 (c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追偿该转让或由受托人选择追偿其价值，以使债务人财产受益；\n\n4. 就第四项请求而言，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $120,167.00 的该转让依据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 及 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，由被告向受托人追偿该转让或由受托人选择追偿其价值，以使债务人财产受益；\n\n5. 判给受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n6. 法院在此情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 13, 2024，New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂斯专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n附表A\n密封提交\n英文","key_entities":["Despins","HCHK","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4929,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:07:41"}