{"id":"court_ctb_2846_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2846,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | Gypsy Mei Food Services LLC | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510
(203)781-2847 | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
X | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of postpetition transfers and
related relief pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 549 and 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
X
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other
FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□ | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | 91-Declaratory judgment
FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
X | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n**B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 (JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| /s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| February 14, 2024 | | Patrick R. Linsey | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n## **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|\n| :
In re:
: | Chapter 11 |\n| :
1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al.,
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| :
Debtors.
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| :
-----------------------------------------------------------
:
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
:
TRUSTEE,
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
v.
:
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
February 14, 2024 |\n| :
GYPSY MEI FOOD SERVICES LLC
:
and MEI GUO
:
:
Defendants. | x |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendants Gypsy Mei Food Services LLC (\"Gypsy Mei\") and Mei Guo, stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, Leading Shine NY Ltd. (\"Leading Shine\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$900,000.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to Gypsy Mei as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, Greenwich Land, LLC (\"Greenwich Land\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$875,000.00 to Gypsy Mei as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n2\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548 and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the\n\nBankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. Gypsy Mei is a Delaware limited liability company with an address at 11 W 14th Street Apartment 9B, New York, NY.\n\n11. Mei Guo is an individual with an address at 492 Broome St, Apt 3, New York, New York 10013.\n\n12. Mei Guo is the principal of Gypsy Mei and she is the Debtor's daughter.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n13. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n14. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n15. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Greenwich Land and Leading Shine.\n\n16. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n17. Greenwich Land and Leading Shine are among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 There is a pending motion for summary judgment to determine that Greenwich Land is the alter ego of the Debtor in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5005 (the \"Greenwich Land\n\nhas orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n18. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n19. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n20. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the\n\nBankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and\n\nA.P.\"), Docket No. 78). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Greenwich Land A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5005, Docket No. 1).\n\nDefault has entered against Leading Shine in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023 (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"), Docket No. 13), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Leading Shine was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Lamp Capital A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nthrough it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n21. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n22. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n23. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\nthe Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n24. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Greenwich Land and Leading Shine, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n25. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n26. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n27. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\nnames of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n28. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Leading Shine, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n29. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n30. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Leading Shine, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n31. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Greenwich Land.\n\n32. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n33. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n34. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\ncreditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n35. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n36. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n## **F. Transfers to Gypsy Mei**\n\n37. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell company Leading Shine, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to Gypsy Mei (collectively, the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n38. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies, Greenwich Land, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to Gypsy Mei (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n39. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, Preferential Transfer and the Postpetition Transfers (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n40. Gypsy Mei was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Gypsy Mei to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n41. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-40 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n42. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter ego, Leading Shine, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n43. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n44. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Gypsy Mei to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n45. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-40 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n46. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter ego, Leading Shine, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n47. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nPrepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n48. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Gypsy Mei to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n49. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-40 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n50. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n51. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n52. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n53. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n54. The Prepetition Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Gypsy Mei to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n55. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-40 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n56. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n57. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Prepetition Transfers.\n\n58. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n59. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n60. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n13\n\n### **FIFTH CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Gypsy Mei to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n61. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-40 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n62. The Postpetition Transfers were made to Gypsy Mei by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, Greenwich Land.\n\n63. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n64. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n65. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n66. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n67. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from Gypsy Mei plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n### **SIXTH CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Mei Guo to Recover Transfers for His Benefit and/or Subsequent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code section 550(a))**\n\n68. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-40 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n69. Mei Guo was the party for whose benefit the Transfers were made, because she was the principal of Gypsy Mei.\n\n70. Alternatively, upon information and belief, following the Transfers to Gypsy Mei, some or all of these funds were further transferred to Mei Guo.\n\n71. To the extent that the Transfers are avoided, without waiver of the Trustee's claims to recover the value from Gypsy Mei, the Transfers are recoverable against Mei Guo.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$900,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Gypsy Mei for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$900,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Gypsy Mei for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$900,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Gypsy Mei for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$900,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order\n\ndirecting that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Gypsy Mei for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. On the Fifth Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$875,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Gypsy Mei for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n6. On the Sixth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers are recoverable by the Trustee pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code and (b) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, in the amount of \\$1,775,000.00 from Mei Guo, for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n7. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n8. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n## [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\n17\n\nDated: February 14, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**FILED UNDER SEAL**\n\n# **SCHEDULE B**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 Gypsy Mei Food Services LLC（吉普赛梅食品服务有限责任公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩和蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church St. 13th Floor New Haven, CT 06510\n(203)781-2847 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\nX\n诉因\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人根据《破产法》第549条和第550条提起的请求撤销及追回破产申请后转让\n及相关救济的诉状\n诉讼性质\n（自主要诉因起按1编号，第一项备选诉因为2，第二项备选诉因为3，依此类推，最多编号五（5）项）\nFRBP 7001(1)－追回金钱/财产\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产交付\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\nX\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财团及共有人的财产－§363(h)\nFRBP 7001(4)－异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e)\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(6)－可免责性（续）\n□\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65－可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81－债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\nFRBP 7001(6)－可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ 91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对已移送债权或诉因的裁定\nSS－SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关原本将在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体争议，勾选此项\nX □ 如主张本案属于根据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，勾选此项\n□ 如诉状中请求陪审团审判，勾选此项 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源起的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073 (JAM)\n案件待决地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分部办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nFebruary 14, 2024 Patrick R. Linsey\n说明\n\n破产案件的提起即在破产法院管辖下设立一个“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围十分广泛，且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的当事人还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交过程中会采集表格1040上的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不取代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交及送达的诉辩文件或其他文书。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每提交一份诉状，均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。准确填写诉状中所列原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的一项，在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的一项。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n: 第11章\n:\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等，\n: 案件编号：22-50073 (JAM)\n:\n债务人。\n: （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n:\n受托人，\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n诉\n:\n:\n: x\n对抗程序编号：[ ]\nFebruary 14, 2024\n:\nGYPSY MEI FOOD SERVICES LLC（吉普赛梅食品服务有限责任公司）\n:\n及 MEI GUO（郭梅）\n:\n:\n被告。 x\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法》第544、548、549及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，提起本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo及Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（杰尼维尔控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation（杰尼维尔控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，以 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团受托人身份（仅用于通知及通信）。\n\n对抗诉状（“诉状”），针对被告 Gypsy Mei Food Services LLC（“Gypsy Mei”）及 Mei Guo（郭梅），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回：(a) 于本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产所作的转让；及(b) 于本第11章案件开始后对债务人第11章破产财团财产所作、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“《破产法》”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Leading Shine NY Ltd.（“Leading Shine”），在申请日（定义见下文）之前向作为初始受让人的 Gypsy Mei 转让了金额为 $900,000.00 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，且该等转让系出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图作出。或者，该等转让构成推定欺诈性转让，因为其作出时债务人无清偿能力，且债务人未获得合理等值的对价。\n\n4. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Greenwich Land, LLC（“Greenwich Land”），向作为初始受让人的 Gypsy Mei 转让了合计金额为 $875,000.00 的资金。\n\n5. 由于该等破产申请后对破产财团财产所作的转让未经法院或《破产法》授权，其可根据《破产法》第549条和第550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n6. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n8. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第11编（“《破产法》”）第544、548和550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274和276条2，或任何其他适用的州法同等规定。\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令[案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523]获任命。\n\n10. Gypsy Mei 是一家特拉华州有限责任公司，地址为 11 W 14th Street Apartment 9B, New York, NY。\n\n11. Mei Guo（郭梅）为个人，地址为 492 Broome St, Apt 3, New York, New York 10013。\n\n12. Mei Guo 是 Gypsy Mei 的负责人，且为债务人的女儿。\n\n2 此后，对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代《纽约州统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据NYUFC及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、273a、275、276和278条请求救济。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n13. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）根据《破产法》第11章提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n14. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n15. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。3 虽然债务人确实债务沉重，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 Greenwich Land 和 Leading Shine）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n16. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件的受托人[主案件案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n17. Greenwich Land 和 Leading Shine 是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司中的两家。4 多年来，债务人\n\n3 资产及负债清单，第1页[主案件案卷编号 78]。\n\n4 在对抗程序 Despins v. Greenwich Land, LLC（Despins诉Greenwich Land, LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司））（对抗程序编号 23-5005（“Greenwich Land\n\n一直精心策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由其家庭成员、副手和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n18. 自其获任以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我实体和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有等目的；在其中若干案件中，破产法院已准予该等救济。5\n\n19. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲家庭成员和/或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买，和/或无偿向空壳实体之间转移的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n20. 除受托人对抗程序中处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（通过其 Dawn State Limited）的受益所有人，并且债务人控制并使用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。6\n\nA.P.”），案卷编号 78）。受托人在此通过援引方式纳入受托人在 Greenwich Land A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5005，案卷编号 1）。\n\n在对抗程序 Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.（Despins诉Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等）（对抗程序编号 23-5023（“Lamp Capital A.P.”），案卷编号 13）中，已对 Leading Shine（领耀）作出缺席判决；该对抗程序寻求的救济包括确认 Leading Shine 系债务人的另我实体。受托人在此通过援引方式纳入受托人在 Lamp Capital A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5023，案卷编号 1）。\n\n5 这些包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins）, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.（第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC等）[对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.（第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Greenwich Land LLC等）[对抗程序编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Mei Guo（郭美））[对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.（第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉HCHK Technologies, Inc.等）[对抗程序编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.（第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Taurus Fund LLC等）[对抗程序编号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Golden Spring (New York) Limited）[对抗程序 23- 05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.（第11章受托人Luc A. Despins诉Lamp Capital LLC等）[对抗程序 23-05023]。\n\n21. 破产法院还认定，“G实体”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制7、由债务人领导8，和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业载体”。9\n\n22. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东利有限公司）这一实体在转让给债务人的女儿之前最初由债务人的一名厨师所有，实质上是债务人的一家空壳公司。10\n\n23. 债务人竭力阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金有限合伙企业）（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）对债务人提起诉讼，索引号为 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院取得针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX 通过扣押债务人的资产以执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May，该船被债务人虚假声称归其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，该公寓被债务人虚假声称系为债务人的儿子以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中不遵守纽约法院命令，最终导致债务人被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n6 准许动议、认定债务人藐视公司治理命令的裁定，第 ¶¶ 1, 4 段（Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”）。\n\n7 经更正的部分准许初步禁令动议的裁判备忘录，第 ¶ 3 段（对抗程序编号 22-05032，January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）和一个关联实体‘GTV’”）。\n\n8 同上，第 ¶ 7 段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业载体，其成员在个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n24. 债务人还将其另我实体，包括 Greenwich Land 和 Leading Shine，当作私人钱袋，用以资助他及其家人已习惯的奢侈生活方式，同时在这些另我实体中向其债权人隐匿资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n25. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其没有足够资产偿付其负债，且其奢侈生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅列报了 $3,850 的资产。12\n\n26. 2023年3月，债务人被逮捕，目前仍因面临包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控而被羁押候审。\n\n27. 美国政府在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的超过约500个账户，对超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”13\n\n11 关于债务人请求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令的动议的听证会，该命令：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资，及 (II) 安排临时及最终听证会，以及 (III) 准予相关救济（主案，April 27, 2022）\n\n12 见注3\n\n28. 债务人另我实体的财产，包括 Leading Shine 的财产，在申请日前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n29. 在与本案有关的所有期间，债务人在 New York, New York 开展业务，包括指示本起诉状所涉的申请前转让。\nD. 债务人的空壳游戏及欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n30. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 Leading Shine 持有的财产，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n31. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 Greenwich Land。\n\n32. 这些申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未经破产法授权。\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n33. 本起诉状所涉转让系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，因为这些转让均是通过作为债务人空壳游戏一部分运营的债务人另我空壳公司作出的。\n\n34. 债务人故意以该方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿并耗散数百万美元资产。债务人一面声称自己穷困潦倒，一面大量支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及亲密关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n13 见 United States of America（美国）就反对被告 Yanping Wang（王艳萍）的审前释放动议所提交的法律备忘录，第29页；该备忘录作为附件B附于 Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）对 G Club Operations LLC（G Club运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制执行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中（June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934）。\n\n35. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一起刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美国诉Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵））, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n36. 债务人明知并意图通过以该方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会有足够剩余资产偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，这些转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出的。\nF. 向 Gypsy Mei（郭美）作出的转让\n\n37. 在申请日前，债务人利用其另我空壳公司 Leading Shine，或以其他方式，向 Gypsy Mei 转让债务人的财产（统称“申请前转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n38. 申请日后，债务人通过其空壳公司 Greenwich Land，或以其他方式，向 Gypsy Mei 转让破产财产（统称“申请后转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表B。\n\n39. 在申请前转让、优先性转让和申请后转让（统称“转让”）发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n40. Gypsy Mei 是该等转让的初始受让人。\n第一项请求\n（依据 Bankruptcy Code 第 548(a)(1)(A) 条和第 550(a) 条，针对 Gypsy Mei 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n41. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至40段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n42. 申请前转让系由债务人通过其另我实体 Leading Shine 作出，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n43. 债务人在实施申请前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，由包括以下事项在内的事实表明：\n\na. 申请前转让是利用一家另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请前转让向债务人的债权人隐匿；\n\nc. 申请前转让是作为债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分实施的，并在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他副手和下属的协助下进行，以图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈中受益，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请前转让通过使债务人得以从其欺诈中获利，同时不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正面临诉讼，其中包括 PAX（PAX）在 PAX 案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n44. 根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(A)，受托人可撤销破产申请前转让；并根据《破产法》section 550(a)，可予以追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（针对 Gypsy Mei（吉普赛梅）的请求：根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273、274 和 276，以及《破产法》sections 544(b) 和 550(a)，撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n45. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 40 段所载指控，视同在此完整载明。\n\n46. 债务人通过其另我实体 Leading Shine（利丁夏因），以实际意图阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人而作出破产申请前转让。\n\n47. 债务人在实施破产申请前转让时具有阻碍、拖延和／或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，体现于：\n\na. 破产申请前转让是利用一家另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 破产申请前转让被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 破产申请前转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，并在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属协助下实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 破产申请前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索，进一步推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 破产申请前转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索，进一步推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正面临诉讼，其中包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n48. 根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1)、274 和 276，以及《破产法》section 544(b)，受托人可撤销破产申请前转让；并根据《破产法》section 550(a)，可予以追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（针对 Gypsy Mei 的请求：根据《破产法》sections 548(a)(1)(B) 和 550(a)，撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让）\n\n49. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 40 段所载指控，视同在此完整载明。\n\n50. 债务人就破产申请前转让所获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n51. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人无清偿能力，或因破产申请前转让而陷于无清偿能力。\n\n52. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人保留的任何财产构成不合理地过少的资本。\n\n53. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人意图发生或相信其将发生到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n54. 破产申请前转让构成欺诈性转让，根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B)，受托人可予撤销；并根据《破产法》section 550(a)，可予追回。\n\n第四项请求\n（针对 Gypsy Mei 的请求：根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 和 276，以及《破产法》sections 544(b) 和 550(a)，撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让）\n\n55. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 40 段所载指控，视同在此完整载明。\n\n56. 债务人就破产申请前转让未获得合理等值对价。\n\n57. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人无清偿能力，或债务人因破产申请前转让而陷于无清偿能力。\n\n58. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人保留的任何财产构成不合理地过少的资本。\n\n59. 在破产申请前转让时，债务人意图发生，或相信或合理地应当相信其将发生，到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n60. 根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 和 276，以及《破产法》section 544(b)，受托人可撤销破产申请前转让；并根据《破产法》section 550(a)，可予追回。\n\n第五项请求\n（针对 Gypsy Mei 的请求：根据《破产法》sections 549 和 550(a)，撤销并追回未经授权的破产申请后转让）\n\n61. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 40 段所载指控，视同在此完整载明。\n\n62. 债务人向 Gypsy Mei 作出了破产申请后转让，包括通过其另我空壳公司 Greenwich Land（格林尼治地产）作出的转让。\n\n63. 破产申请后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n64. 破产申请后转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n65. 破产申请后转让构成未经授权转让债务人第 11 章破产财产的财产。\n\n66. 根据《破产法》section 549(a)，破产申请后转让可予撤销。\n\n67. 根据《破产法》section 550(a)，受托人有权向 Gypsy Mei 追回破产申请后转让，或其价值，由受托人选择，并加计截至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n第六项请求\n（针对 Mei Guo（郭梅）的请求：根据《破产法》section 550(a)，追回为其利益作出的转让和／或后续转让）\n\n68. 受托人重申并再次主张第 1 至 40 段所载指控，视同在此完整载明。\n\n69. Mei Guo 是为其利益作出该等转让的一方，因为其为 Gypsy Mei 的负责人。\n\n70. 或者，根据所获信息及信念，在向 Gypsy Mei 作出转让后，该等资金中的部分或全部被进一步转让给 Mei Guo。\n\n71. 在该等转让被撤销的范围内，在不放弃受托人向 Gypsy Mei 追回其价值的请求权的前提下，该等转让可向 Mei Guo 追回。\n\n［本页其余部分特意留白。］\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $900,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(A) 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向 Gypsy Mei 追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $900,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据《破产法》section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 和 276 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 及《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向 Gypsy Mei 追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $900,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(B) 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向 Gypsy Mei 追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于 $900,000.00 的破产申请前转让根据《破产法》section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2)、274 和 276，以及就 2020 年 4 月 4 日之前的转让而言，根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273、273a、275、276 和 278 被撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请前转让；以及 (c) 根据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 及《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向 Gypsy Mei 追回破产申请前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 就第五项请求，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $875,000.00 的破产申请后转让根据《破产法》section 549 被撤销；以及 (b) 作出命令，指令撤销破产申请后转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向 Gypsy Mei 追回破产申请后转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n6. 就第六项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告受托人可根据《破产法》section 550(a) 追回该等转让；以及 (b) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产的利益，向 Mei Guo 追回金额为 $1,775,000.00 的该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n7. 向受托人判给自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n8. 法院在此情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n［本页其余部分特意留白］\n\n日期：February 14, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\n第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人的代理律师\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交\n\n附表 B\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Guo","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Himalaya","CIPA","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5505,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:40:14"}