{"id":"court_ctb_2859_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2859,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
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68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
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91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|-------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Debtors.
:
:
x | (Jointly Administered) |\n| LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| CIRRUS DESIGN CORPORATION and
QIANG GUO, | :
:
:
: | February 14, 2024 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | :
Defendants.
:
x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Cirrus Design Corporation (\"Cirrus\") and Qiang Guo, stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") to avoid and recover transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies, Inc. (\"HCHK Technologies\"), Leading Shine NY Ltd. (\"Leading Shine\"), and Lamp Capital LLC (\"Lamp Capital\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$3,915,140.00 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to Cirrus as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors. Alternatively, these transfers were constructively fraudulent, because they were made when the Debtor was insolvent, and the Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in consideration thereof.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. Cirrus is a Wisconsin corporation with an address and place of business at 4515 Taylor Circle, Duluth, Minnesota 55811-1548.\n\n9. Qiang Guo is an individual residing at Flat 6, 5 Princes Gate, London SW7 1QJ.\n\n10. Qiang Guo is the Debtor's son.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278.\n\nliabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including, HCHK Technologies.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. HCHK Technologies, Leading Shine, and Lamp Capital are among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 Default has entered against HCHK Technologies in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 139), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that HCHK Technologies is the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013, Docket No. 1).\n\nDefault has entered against Leading Shine in the adversary proceeding *Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023 (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"), Docket No. 13), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Leading Shine was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Lamp Capital A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\nThe Court has entered judgment to the effect that Lamp Capital was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023 (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"), Docket No. 66). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Lamp Capital A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5023, Docket No. 1).\n\nby the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nFoundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, Leading Shine, and Lamp Capital, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, Lamp Capital, and Leading Shine, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n#### **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n28. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n29. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n30. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n31. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n32. Cirrus manufactures and sells aircraft for private use, including light sport aircraft and light jet aircraft.\n\n33. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint funded costs in connection with the purchase of two aircraft, *i.e.*, an SR22 single-engine propeller aircraft and an SF50 light jet aircraft (collectively, the \"Aircraft\").\n\n34. The Aircraft were purchased for the benefit of Qiang Guo, the Debtor's son.\n\n35. Qiang Guo has participated in many of the Debtor's fraudulent schemes, including, among other things, illegal securities offerings, fraudulent cryptocurrency ventures, and the Debtor's \"G Club\" scheme. Qiang Guo has also assisted the Debtor in laundering and concealing the Debtor's assets to hinder, delay, or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n36. In the course of this involvement, Qiang Guo traveled to the United States. Qiang Guo has also benefited from transfers of funds that originated from within the United States, including the Transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n37. Qiang Guo has had use and enjoyment of the Aircraft since they were purchased.\n\n38. The Debtor received no consideration in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n### **E. Transfers to Cirrus**\n\n39. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell companies, HCHK Technologies, Leading Shine, and Lamp Capital, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to Cirrus (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n40. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n41. Cirrus was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n42. Guo was the individual for whose benefit the Transfers were made.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Cirrus to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n43. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n44. The Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter egos, HCHK Technologies, Leading Shine, and Lamp Capital, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n45. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n46. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Cirrus to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter ego, HCHK Technologies, Leading Shine, and Lamp Capital, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n49. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n- b. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n50. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n### **(Claim Against Cirrus to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(B) and 550(a))**\n\n51. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n52. The Debtor received less than a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n53. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n54. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction, for which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n55. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur or believed he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debts matured.\n\n56. The Transfers constitute fraudulent transfers and are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FOURTH CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Cirrus to Avoid and Recover Constructive Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n57. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n58. The Debtor did not receive reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n59. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or the Debtor became insolvent as a result of the Transfers.\n\n60. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was engaged in a business or transaction, or was about to engage in a business or transaction which any property remaining with the Debtor was an unreasonably small amount of capital.\n\n61. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts that would be beyond his ability to pay as such debt matured.\n\n62. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **FIFTH CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim Against Qiang Guo to Recover Transfers for the Benefit of Qiang Guo Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code section 550(a))**\n\n63. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-42 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n64. Qiang Guo was the party for whose benefit the Transfers were made, because Qiang Guo obtained the use and enjoyment of the Aircraft.\n\n65. To the extent that the Transfers are avoided, without waiver of the Trustee's claims to recover the value from Cirrus, the value of the Transfers is recoverable against Qiang Guo.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$3,915,140.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Cirrus for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$3,915,140.00 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Cirrus for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$3,915,140.00 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Cirrux for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. On the Fourth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$3,915,140.00 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020,\n\nN.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from Cirrus for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n5. On the Fifth Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers are recoverable by the Trustee pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code and (b) recovery of the value of the Transfers in the amount of \\$3,915,140.00 from Qiang Guo, for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n6. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n7. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 14, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick Linsey \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如知悉）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）项，从主要诉因编号为1开始，第一备选诉因编号为2，第二备选诉因编号为3，以此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追收金钱/财产\n□\n11-追收金钱/财产 - §542 财产交付\n□\n12-追收金钱/财产 - §547 偏颇性转让\n□\n13-追收金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追收金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的效力、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的效力、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免除（续）\n□\n61-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-债务可否免除 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除\n□\n41-对债务免除提出异议/撤销债务免除 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益从属\n□\n81-债权或权益从属\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n□\n91-确认之诉\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免除\n□\n66-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-债务可否免除 - §523(a)(4)，受托人身份下的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续下栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本会在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件审理地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交设立了一项受破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围如此广泛且法院管辖权如此宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利产生诉讼。也可能存在有关债务人债务免除的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF将表格1040中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填妥后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息来处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交及送达。封面页大体不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每一份提交的起诉状均须向书记官另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如知悉，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所成员签署。如原告为自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n： 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n：\n：\nx （合并管理）\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 ：\n：\n：\n：\n原告，\n：\n： 对抗程序编号 [ ]\nCIRRUS DESIGN CORPORATION（Cirrus Design公司）及\nQIANG GUO（郭强）， ：\n：\n：\n： February 14, 2024\n\n被告。\n：\nx\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第544、548及550条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条请求撤销及追收欺诈性转让并请求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以在 Ho Wan Kwok（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）中获指定的第11章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为：Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人：Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅用于通知和通信目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（以下简称“起诉状”），针对被告 Cirrus Design Corporation（以下简称“Cirrus”）及 Qiang Guo，陈述如下：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人根据《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“破产法典”）提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追收债务人在本第11章案件开始前进行的财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另一个自我空壳公司 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（以下简称“HCHK Technologies”）、Leading Shine NY Ltd.（以下简称“Leading Shine”）及 Lamp Capital LLC（以下简称“Lamp Capital”），在申请日之前（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的 Cirrus 转让了金额为 $3,915,140.00 的资金。\n\n3. 这些转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，且其作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。或者，这些转让构成推定欺诈，因为其作出时债务人已无清偿能力，且债务人未就此获得合理等值的对价。\n\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第544、548和550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274和276条 2 或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令 [案号 22-50073（以下简称“主案件”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. Cirrus 是一家威斯康星州公司，其地址及营业地点为 4515 Taylor Circle, Duluth, Minnesota 55811-1548。\n\n9. Qiang Guo 是居住于 Flat 6, 5 Princes Gate, London SW7 1QJ 的个人。\n\n10. Qiang Guo 是债务人的儿子。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n11. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦破产法院，以下简称“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的申请（以下简称“申请日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n12. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第11章案件中指定了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未指定审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并承担了数亿美元的\n\n2 以下对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用，均简称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约州统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278 请求救济。\n\n负债。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另一个自我空壳公司持有和/或转让的财产，包括 HCHK Technologies。\n\n14. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中指定一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 作为受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准指定 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件中的受托人 [主案件案卷编号 523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. HCHK Technologies、Leading Shine 和 Lamp Capital 是债务人用以阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另一个自我空壳公司中的一部分。4 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由其控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络\n\n3 《资产与负债清单》，第1页 [主案件案卷编号 78]。\n\n4 在对抗程序 Despins v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et. al（对抗程序编号 23-5013（以下简称“HCHK Entities A.P.”），案卷编号 139）中，已对 HCHK Technologies 作出缺席裁定；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求确认 HCHK Technologies 为债务人的另一个自我之确认判决。受托人将其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5013，案卷编号 1）通过援引纳入本文。\n\n在对抗程序 Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.（对抗程序编号 23-5023（以下简称“Lamp Capital A.P.”），案卷编号 13）中，已对 Leading Shine 作出缺席裁定；该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求确认 Leading Shine 曾为债务人的另一个自我之确认判决。受托人将其在 Lamp Capital A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5023，案卷编号 1）通过援引纳入本文。\n\n法院已作出判决，认定 Lamp Capital（蓝普资本）系债务人的另一自我。见 Despins v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.（对抗程序案号 23-5023（“Lamp Capital A.P.”），案卷编号 66）。受托人通过援引方式将其在 Lamp Capital A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序案号 23-5023，案卷编号 1）并入本文。\n\n由债务人进行。该障眼法使债务人得以使用、花费和/或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n16. 自其获任以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起若干对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确立债务人的空壳公司系其另一自我，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；破产法院已在若干该等对抗程序中准予此类救济。5\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购置的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其享有控制权及支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n18. 除受托人对抗程序中处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（十年资本有限公司）的受益所有人（并通过该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（晨州有限公司）的受益所有人），且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。6\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制7、由债务人领导8，和/或服务于债务人的“目的……并作为债务人的商业工具”。9\n\n5 其中包括下列对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（第 11 章受托人）v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [对抗程序案号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins（第 11 章受托人）v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [对抗程序案号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins（第 11 章受托人）v. Mei Guo [对抗程序案号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins（第 11 章受托人）v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [对抗程序案号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins（第 11 章受托人）v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [对抗程序案号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins（第 11 章受托人）v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [对抗程序案号 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins（第 11 章受托人）v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [对抗程序案号 23-05023]。\n\n6 准许要求认定债务人藐视公司治理命令之动议的命令，第 ¶¶ 1、4 段（Jan. 24, 2023，案卷编号 1372（“Corp. Governance Contempt Order”））。\n\n20. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——该实体最初由债务人的一名厨师所有，后转让给债务人的女儿——就债务人而言“实质上是一家空壳公司”。10\n\n21. 债务人不遗余力地阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017 年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“New York Court”）起诉债务人，案卷索引号 652077/2017（“PAX Case”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。On February 3, 2021，PAX 从纽约法院取得针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX Judgment”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决，其中包括 Lady May——债务人虚假声称该船由其女儿所有——以及债务人在 Manhattan（曼哈顿）的豪华公寓——债务人虚假声称该公寓为其儿子以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中违抗纽约法院命令，最终导致其被处以 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 部分准许初步禁令动议的经更正决定备忘录，第 ¶ 3 段（对抗程序案号 22-05032，January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及相关实体‘GTV’”））。\n\n8 同上，第 ¶ 7 段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. 债务人还将其另一自我，包括 HCHK Technologies、Leading Shine 和 Lamp Capital，作为个人钱袋，用以资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢侈生活方式，同时将资产隐匿于这些另一自我之中以避开其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另一自我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿还其负债，且其奢侈生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅在资产清单中列报 \\$3,850 的资产。12\n\n24. In March 2023，债务人被逮捕，并在联邦刑事指控的审判前持续被羁押；该等指控包括但不限于电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱。\n\n25. 美国政府在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少 80 个不同实体或个人名义持有的约 500 多个账户，对超过 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”13\n\n26. 债务人的另一自我所持有的财产，包括 HCHK Technologies、Lamp Capital 和 Leading Shine 的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 就债务人请求作出临时及终局 DIP 命令的动议举行的听证会：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资；(II) 安排临时及终局听证会；以及 (III) 准予相关救济（主案件，April 27, 2022）\n\n12 见注 3\n\n13 见 United States of America（美利坚合众国）反对被告 Yanping Wang（王艳萍）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第 29 页，该备忘录作为附件 B 附于第 11 章受托人对 G Club Operations LLC（G Club 运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中（June 23, 2023，主案件案卷编号 1934）。\n\n27. 在与本文有关的所有时间内，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）经营业务，包括指示实施本起诉状所涉的申请前转让。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n28. 本起诉状所涉的转让（定义见本文）均系通过债务人作为其障眼法一部分而运营的另一自我空壳公司作出，故该等转让意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n29. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产，同时向其众多债权人虚假声称自己贫困。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，却同时大量支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n30. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待审的一起刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（美利坚合众国诉郭文贵案）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n31. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会剩余足够资产用以偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，这些转让必然是意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出的。\n\n32. Cirrus（西锐）制造并销售供私人使用的飞机，包括轻型运动飞机和轻型喷气飞机。\n\n33. 本起诉状所涉转让为购置两架飞机，即一架 SR22 单引擎螺旋桨飞机和一架 SF50 轻型喷气飞机（合称“Aircraft”）相关的费用提供了资金。\n\n34. 该等飞机系为 Qiang Guo（郭强）、即债务人之子的利益而购置。\n\n35. 郭强参与了债务人的诸多欺诈计划，包括但不限于非法证券发行、欺诈性加密货币项目，以及债务人的“G Club”计划。郭强还协助债务人洗钱和隐匿债务人的资产，以阻碍、拖延或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n36. 在参与该等活动的过程中，郭强前往美国。郭强还从源自美国境内的资金转让中受益，包括本起诉状所涉转让。\n\n37. 郭强自该等飞机购置以来一直对其享有使用和收益。\n\n38. 债务人未就该等转让获得任何对价。\n\nE. 向 Cirrus 作出的转让\n\n39. 在申请日之前，债务人使用其另一自我空壳公司 HCHK Technologies、Leading Shine 和 Lamp Capital，或以其他方式，向 Cirrus 转让债务人的财产（合称“Transfers”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n40. 在转让时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未偿义务。\n\n41. Cirrus 是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n42. Guo 是为其利益作出该等转让的个人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法典》第 548(a)(1)(A) 条及第 550(a) 条针对 Cirrus 提出的撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n43. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 42 段所载的指称，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n44. 该等转让由债务人通过其另一自我 HCHK Technologies、Leading Shine 和 Lamp Capital 作出，且具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n45. 债务人在实施该等转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，由以下事实表明：\n\na. 该等转让系使用另一自我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转让向债务人的债权人隐匿；\n\nc. 该等转让作为债务人“障眼法”的一部分实施，并在债务人的家庭成员及其所控制的其他亲信和下属协助下进行，以试图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中受益，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，进一步推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让通过使债务人从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，进一步推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在转让时，债务人正面临诉讼，其中包括 PAX 在 PAX Case 中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在转让时，债务人处于资不抵债状态或资本不足状态。\n\n46. 根据《破产法》第548(a)(1)(A)条，受托人可撤销该等转让；根据《破产法》第550(a)条，该等转让可被追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据《纽约债务与债权法》第273、274及276条，以及《破产法》第544(b)及550(a)条，针对Cirrus提出的撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n47. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人通过其另我实体HCHK Technologies、Leading Shine及Lamp Capital，以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而作出该等转让。\n\n49. 债务人在实施该等转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，表明如下：\n\na. 该等转让是通过一个另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 该等转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分，在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属协助下实施，意图隐瞒和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，从而进一步促成债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受其债权人追索，从而进一步促成债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括由PAX在PAX案中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n50. 根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276及《破产法》第544(b)条，受托人可撤销该等转让；根据《破产法》第550(a)条，该等转让可被追回。\n\n第三项请求\n（根据《破产法》第548(a)(1)(B)及550(a)条，针对Cirrus提出的撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n51. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n52. 债务人就该等转让获得的对价低于合理等值。\n\n53. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无力偿债，或因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n54. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或者即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人留存的任何财产构成不合理地少量的资本。\n\n55. 在该等转让发生时，债务人意图承担，或相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n56. 该等转让构成欺诈性转让；根据《破产法》第548(a)(1)(B)条，受托人可撤销该等转让；根据《破产法》第550(a)条，该等转让可被追回。\n\n第四项请求\n（根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276及《破产法》第544(b)及550(a)条，针对Cirrus提出的撤销并追回推定欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n57. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n58. 债务人就该等转让未获得合理等值的对价。\n\n59. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无力偿债，或债务人因该等转让而变得无力偿债。\n\n60. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正在从事某项业务或交易，或者即将从事某项业务或交易，而债务人留存的任何财产构成不合理地少量的资本。\n\n61. 在该等转让发生时，债务人意图承担，或相信或合理地应当相信其将承担，在该等债务到期时超出其偿付能力的债务。\n\n62. 根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276及《破产法》第544(b)条，受托人可撤销该等转让；根据《破产法》第550(a)条，该等转让可被追回。\n\n第五项请求\n（根据《破产法》第550(a)条，针对Qiang Guo（郭强）提出的为Qiang Guo利益而作出的转让之追回请求）\n\n63. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至42段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n64. Qiang Guo是为其利益作出该等转让的一方，因为Qiang Guo取得了对该飞机的使用和享有。\n\n65. 在该等转让被撤销的范围内，在不放弃受托人向Cirrus追回该价值之请求的前提下，可向Qiang Guo追回该等转让的价值。\n\n【本页其余部分有意留白。】\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，（a）作出命令，宣告根据《破产法》第548(a)(1)(A)条，金额不少于\\$3,915,140.00的该等转让予以撤销；（b）作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及（c）根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向Cirrus追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，（a）作出命令，宣告根据《破产法》第544(b)条及N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276，金额不少于\\$3,915,140.00的该等转让予以撤销；对于2020年4月4日之前的转让，则根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278予以撤销；（b）作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及（c）根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 276及《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向Cirrus追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求，（a）作出命令，宣告根据《破产法》第548(a)(1)(B)条，金额不少于\\$3,915,140.00的该等转让予以撤销；（b）作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及（c）根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向Cirrus追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 就第四项请求，（a）作出命令，宣告根据《破产法》第544(b)条及N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276，金额不少于\\$3,915,140.00的该等转让予以撤销；对于2020年4月4日之前的转让，则根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278予以撤销；（b）作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及（c）根据N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276及《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向Cirrus追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n5. 就第五项请求，（a）作出命令，宣告根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人可追回该等转让；以及（b）根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向Qiang Guo追回金额为\\$3,915,140.00的该等转让价值；\n\n6. 向受托人裁定自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n7. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n【本页其余部分有意留白】\n\n日期：February 14, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Patrick Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的代理律师\n\n附件A\n密封提交","key_entities":["Guo","Despins","HCHK","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","GTV","Saraca","GETTR","Paul Hastings","CIPA","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5168,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:46:57"}