{"id":"court_ctb_2883_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2883,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
□ | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| Debtors.
----------------------------------------------------------- | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
:
x |\n| LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v. | :
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
:
: |\n| | :
:
February 15, 2024 |\n| LYZON ENTERPRISES CORPORATION, | :
: |\n| Defendant.
----------------------------------------------------------- | :
:
x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Lyzon Enterprises Corporation (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, GFNY Inc. (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$1,000,090.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant, as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a foreign corporation with an address at 460 Callaway Road, Unit 1002, London, Ontario N6G0Z2, Canada.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including GFNY.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n13. GFNY is one of numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—much of which the Debtor obtained through his fraudulent investment and cryptocurrency schemes—while concealing this property from his creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GFNY, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GFNY, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GFNY was the alter ego of the Debtor and/or that it and any property it nominally held was equitably owned by the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nassets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GFNY, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to perpetrate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including GFNY, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, GFNY.\n\n25. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of an interest in property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$1,000,090.00 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n## [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 15, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ Douglas Skalka*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n# **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面）　对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告　被告\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）　律师　（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人／破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人　□ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人　当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人／破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为 1、第一备选诉因为 2、第二备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追索金钱／财产\n□\n11－追索金钱／财产－§542 财产交还\n□\n12－追索金钱／财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\n13－追索金钱／财产－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14－追索金钱／财产－其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围　□\n□\n□\n□\n□　FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的损害\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n65－可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财团及共同所有人的财产－§363(h)　□\n□　FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议／撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议／撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e)　□　FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后顺位\n81－债权或权益的劣后顺位\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认　□　FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏）　□\n其他\n□\n□　FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对移送债权或诉因的裁定\nSS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选　□ 如主张本案属于 FRCP 23 规定的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选　请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名　破产案件编号\n案件审理地区　分院　法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告　被告　对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区　分院　法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期　律师（或原告）印刷体姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将创设受破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，其中包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权极为宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交 Form 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，但该方通过法院案件管理／电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序的除外。（CM/ECF 作为提交流程的一部分采集 Form 1040 中的信息。）填写完成后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份已提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该律师事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------　x\n\n关于：　：\n：\n第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人，　：\n：\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n：\nx\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉　：\n：\n：\n：\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nFebruary 15, 2024\nLYZON ENTERPRISES CORPORATION（莱宗企业公司），　：\n\n被告。\n\nx\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条寻求撤销及追回申请后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，针对被告 Lyzon Enterprises Corporation（莱宗企业公司）（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅供通知和通信之用）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本第 11 章案件开始后作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财团财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 GFNY Inc.（“GFNY”），于申请日后（定义如下）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 $1,000,090.00 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产财团财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可根据《破产法典》第 549 和 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家外国公司，地址为 460 Callaway Road, Unit 1002, London, Ontario N6G0Z2, Canada。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交了根据《破产法典》第 11 章请求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而启动了上述标题所示第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 GFNY）持有和转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出一项裁决备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出一项命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页（主案件，Docket No. 78）。\n\n13. GFNY 是债务人用于欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳把戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人得以使用、花费和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——其中大部分是债务人通过其欺诈性投资和加密货币计划取得——同时对其债权人隐匿该等财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起若干对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我和／或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有等目的；在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已批准该等救济。4\n\n15. 该等诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲和／或下属持有的债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 以来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购得和／或无对价转让给及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产获益并对其拥有控制和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另我（包括 GFNY）作为个人钱袋，用于资助其本人及其家人已习以为常的奢华生活方式，同时隐匿\n\n3 受托人已经或将立即针对 GFNY 提起对抗程序，该对抗程序除其他事项外，请求作出确认判决，确认 GFNY 系债务人的另我和／或其及其名义持有的任何财产在衡平法上归债务人所有。受托人在此以引用方式纳入受托人在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状。\n\n4 这些包括下列对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资〈美国〉有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK技术公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee诉 Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n这些另我实体中的资产，使其债权人无法追及，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些另我实体的财产，包括 GFNY，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏和欺诈在申请后继续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的所有财产，包括 GFNY，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法典》所负的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GFNY。\n\n19. 这些申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未根据《破产法典》获得授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人通过包括 GFNY 在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（以下简称“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n21. 在转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告系该转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法典》第549条和第550(a)条撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让之请求）\n\n23. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至22段所载的指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n24. 该转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其另我空壳公司 GFNY 作出。\n\n25. 该转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 该转让未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n27. 该转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产中财产权益的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 该转让可根据《破产法典》第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法典》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该转让或其价值，并取得截至付款之日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不低于 $1,000,090.00 的该转让根据《破产法典》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，按受托人的选择向被告追回该转让或其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人判给自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在此情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 15, 2024\nNew Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附件A\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2602,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:24:27"}