{"id":"court_ctb_2890_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2890,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
:
:
: |\n| | :
February 15, 2024
: |\n| MZC FINANCIAL INC.,
Defendant.
----------------------------------------------------------- | :
:
:
x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant MZC Financial Inc. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, GFNY Inc. (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$646,460.80 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant, as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a foreign corporation with an address at 34 Henry Bauer Avenue, Markham, Ontario L6C0WA, Canada.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including GFNY.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n13. GFNY is one of numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—much of which the Debtor obtained through his fraudulent investment and cryptocurrency schemes—while concealing this property from his creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GFNY, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing\n\n3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against GFNY, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that GFNY was the alter ego of the Debtor and/or that it and any property it nominally held was equitably owned by the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nassets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including GFNY, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to perpetrate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including GFNY, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, GFNY.\n\n25. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of an interest in property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$646,460.80 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n### [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 15, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/Patrick Linsey*\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\n## **FILED UNDER SEAL**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面表\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码） 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉及的全部美国法令）\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因编号为 1，第一备选诉因编号为 2，第二备选诉因编号为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追偿金钱/财产\n□\n11-追偿金钱/财产 - §542 返还财产\n□\n12-追偿金钱/财产 - §547 偏颇清偿\n□\n13-追偿金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n14-追偿金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免责（续）\n□\n61-可否免责 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可否免责 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可否免责 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可否免责 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-可否免责 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可否免责\n□\n66-可否免责 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-可否免责 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可否免责 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续下栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\n案件待决地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财产”，其包括债务人无论位于何处的全部财产。由于破产财产范围十分广泛，且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。还可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面表，除非该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）完成后，封面表概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面表及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。封面表大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均必须向书记官单独提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写原告和被告在起诉状中所载的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏为原告、在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面表必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签名。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该所一名成员签名。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签名。\n康涅狄格地区美国破产法院 布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等人， ：\n：\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n（联合管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（吕克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉 x\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nFebruary 15, 2024\n\nMZC FINANCIAL INC.（MZC Financial公司），\n被告。\n\nx\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法》第 549 和 550 条寻求撤销和追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，对被告 MZC Financial Inc.（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产受托人的 Luc A. Despins（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销和追回债务人在本第 11 章案件开始后实施、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法”）授权的债务人破产财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另一自我空壳公司 GFNY Inc.（“GFNY”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$646,460.80 的资金。\n\n3. 由于这些破产财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法》授权，故其可依《破产法》第 549 和 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权和审判地点\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序拥有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定[案件编号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号 523]获任命。\n8. 被告是一家外国公司，地址为 34 Henry Bauer Avenue, Markham, Ontario L6C0WA, Canada。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在康涅狄格地区美国破产法院（“破产法院”）自愿提交根据《破产法》第 11 章寻求救济的申请（“申请日”），由此启动上述标题所列第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务。2 尽管债务人确实债台高筑，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另一自我空壳公司（包括 GFNY）持有和转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及裁定[主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该裁定，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出裁定，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件中的受托人[主案案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页（主案，案卷编号 78）。\n\n13. GFNY 是债务人用于欺诈其债权人的众多另一自我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产——其中大部分是债务人通过其欺诈性投资和加密货币计划取得——同时向其债权人隐瞒该等财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人在第 11 章案件中提起了若干对抗程序，以便除其他事项外确认债务人的空壳公司系其另一自我，及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，及/或无对价转让给空壳实体和在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另一自我（包括 GFNY）用作个人存钱罐，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时隐瞒\n\n3 受托人已经或将立即对 GFNY 提起对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他事项外，寻求确认判决，确认 GFNY 系债务人的另一自我，及/或其及其名义持有的任何财产在衡平法上归债务人所有。受托人将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状通过援引纳入本文。\n\n4 这些对抗性诉讼包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限责任公司）等[对抗性诉讼案号22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司）等[对抗性诉讼案号23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉Mei Guo（梅·郭）[对抗性诉讼案号23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK技术公司）等[对抗性诉讼案号23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等[对抗性诉讼案号23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉（纽约）有限公司）[对抗性诉讼案号23-05018]；以及(vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等[对抗性诉讼案号23-05023]。\n\n其在这些另我实体中的资产从其债权人处隐匿，并妨碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另我实体实施的转移行为延续了债务人的欺诈计划。包括GFNY在内的这些另我实体的财产，在破产申请日之前始终属于债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的障眼法及欺诈在申请破产后继续进行\n\n17. 截至破产申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的所有财产，包括GFNY，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在破产申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》所负的义务，继续通过包括但不限于GFNY在内的众多另我空壳公司实施转移行为。\n\n19. 这些申请破产后的转移行为均未获破产法院授权，亦未根据《破产法》获得授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转移\n\n20. 在破产申请日之后，债务人通过包括GFNY在内的空壳公司或以其他方式，向被告转移了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（“该转移”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n21. 在该转移发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告是该转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第549条和第550(a)条提出的撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转移之请求）\n\n23. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至22段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n24. 债务人向被告作出了该转移，包括通过其另我空壳公司GFNY作出该转移。\n\n25. 该转移发生于破产申请日之后。\n\n26. 该转移未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 该转移构成对债务人第11章破产财产中财产权益的未经授权转移。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该转移可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转移或其价值，并追回截至付款之日的利息及本案诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n诉讼请求\n\n据此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于$646,460.80的该转移根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；及(b) 命令撤销该转移；及(c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 裁定自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人支付判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院认为在此情形下公正、适当或合乎衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：February 15, 2024，New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n由：/s/Patrick Linsey*_________* Douglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思职业公司）195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com 第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2574,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:25:10"}