{"id":"court_ctb_2891_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2891,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-15","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | Cotton
Craft
Textiles
Intl
Trading | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| Avram E. Luft and Douglass Barron
Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166
(212) 318-6000 | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only) | PARTY (Check One Box Only) | | | | |\n| Ƒ'HEWRU
Ƒ86
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin | ƑDebtor
ƑU.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin | | | | |\n| Ƒ&UHGLWRU
Ƒ2WKHU
Ƒ7UXVWHH
✔ | ƑCreditor
ƑOther
ƑTrustee | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | |\n| Complaint
of
Chapter
11
Trustee
seeking
avoidance
and
recovery
of
fraudulent
transfers
and
postpetition
transfers
and
related
relief
pursuant
to
Bankruptcy
Code
Sections
544,
548,
and
550
and
New
York
Debtor
and
Creditor
Law
Sections
273,
274,
275,
276,
and
278 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
Ƒ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
Ƒ | | | | |\n| 11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
Ƒ | Ƒ | 61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support | | | |\n| 12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
Ƒ
✔
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer | 68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
Ƒ
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan | | | | |\n| Ƒ
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other | Ƒ
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation | | | | |\n| | (other than domestic support) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
Ƒ
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | Ƒ
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property | Ƒ | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | | |\n| Ƒ
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | 71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
Ƒ
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
Ƒ
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
Ƒ
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation | | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment | | | |\n| Ƒ
51-Revocation of confirmation | Ƒ | 91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability | | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action | | | |\n| Ƒ
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims | Ƒ
01-Determination of removed claim or cause | | | | |\n| Ƒ
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation, | | | | | |\n| actual fraud
Ƒ | Other
Ƒ | | | | |\n| 67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
Ƒ
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court | | | | |\n| (continued next column) | | if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| ƑCheck if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
✔ | ƑCheck if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| Ƒ&KHFNLIDMXU\\trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| /s/
Avram
E.
Luft | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| February
15,
2024 | | Avram
E.
Luft | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,1\n\nDebtors.\n\nChapter 11\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 15, 2024\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nCOTTON CRAFT TEXTILES INTL TRADING\n\nDefendant.\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 AND 278**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Cotton Draft Textiles Intl Trading (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, Saraca Media Group Inc.\n\n(\"Saraca\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$190,649.78 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 547, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 2782 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is Cotton Craft Textiles International Trading Limited, a Hong Kong private limited company, with an address at 18/F ON Building, 162 Queen's Road Central, Central Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. Because the transfers at issue in this Complaint occurred prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278.\n\nliabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including Saraca.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Saraca is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against Saraca, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Saraca is the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\nby the Debtor and in several adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al.* [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor7 , led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Saraca, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested and remains confined pending his trial on federal criminal charges of, among other things, wire fraud, securities fraud, and money laundering.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserts that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Saraca, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the prepetition transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n#### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n26. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Saraca, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n27. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Saraca.\n\n28. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n29. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were all made through the Debtor's alter ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n30. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n31. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor faces multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n32. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n#### **F. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n33. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell company Saraca, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n34. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n35. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n36. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-35 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n37. The Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter ego, Saraca, with the\n\nactual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n38. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nTransfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n- b. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n39. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law Sections 273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278, and Bankruptcy Code Sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n40. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-35 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n41. The Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter ego, Saraca, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n42. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n43. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$190,649.78 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$190,649.78 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n4. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of page intentionally left blank.*]\n\nDated: February 15, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Avram E. Luft*\n\n Avram E. Luft (admitted pro hac vice) Douglass Barron (admitted pro hac vice) PAUL HASTINGS LLP 200 Park Avenue New York, New York 10166 (212) 318-6000 aviluft@paulhastings.com douglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n*and*\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n*Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2891 Filed 02/15/24 Entered 02/15/24 12:14:18 Page 16 of 16\n\n### **SCHEDULE A**\n\nFiled Under Seal","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明）　对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告　被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人　Cotton\nCraft\nTextiles\nIntl\nTrading\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址和电话号码）　律师\n（如已知）\nAvram E. Luft（阿夫拉姆·E·卢夫特）和 Douglass Barron（道格拉斯·巴伦）\nPaul Hastings LLP（保尔·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166\n(212) 318-6000\n当事人（仅勾选一项）　当事人（仅勾选一项）\n债务人\n美国\n受托人/破产管理人　债务人\n美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n债权人\n其他\n受托人\n✔　债权人\n其他\n受托人\n\n诉因　（简要说明诉因，包括所涉及的所有美国法条）\n第11章\n\n受托人\n提起的\n请求撤销和\n追回\n欺诈性\n转让及\n申请日后\n转让\n以及相关\n救济的\n起诉状，\n依据\n《破产法典》\n第\n544、\n548、\n和\n\n条，以及\n《纽约州债务人与债权人法》\n第\n273、\n274、\n275、\n276、\n和\n\n条\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1)－追回金钱/财产\n□　FRBP 7001(6)－可免责性（续）\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产返还\n□　□　61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\n✔\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让　68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的损害\n□\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n✔\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他　□\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21－留置权或财产其他权益的有效性、优先权或范围　□\n65－可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产　□　FRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h)　71－禁令救济－施加停止令\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4)－对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e)　FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81－债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认　FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n51－撤销确认　□　91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6)－可免责性　FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权　□\n01－对被移送债权或诉因的裁定\n□\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□　其他\n□\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃　SS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼\n（续见下一栏）　）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实质性争议，请勾选\n✔　□ 如主张本案为根据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选　请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵）　破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件待决地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州）　分部办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特）　法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告　被告　对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区　分部办事处　法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/\nAvram\nE.\nLuft\n\n日期　律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nFebruary\n15,\n2024　Avram\nE.\nLuft\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立一项“财产”，该财产由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能会就破产财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生关于债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填妥并提交 Form 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将 Form 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填妥后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规则所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填妥（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填妥）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记官另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请按起诉状中的表述准确填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签名。如原告由律师事务所代理，则该事务所的一名成员必须签名。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签名。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，1\n\n债务人。\n\n第11章\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n（合并管理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n诉\n\nFebruary 15, 2024\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nCOTTON CRAFT TEXTILES INTL TRADING，\n\n被告。\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第544、548和550条及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、273-a、274、275、276和278条提起的请求撤销和追回欺诈性转让及其他相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，提起本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 财产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），针对被告 Cotton Draft Textiles Intl Trading（“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销和追回：(a) 本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；以及 (b) 本第11章案件开始后对债务人第11章破产财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Saraca Media Group Inc.（“Saraca”），在申请日（定义如下）之前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了 $190,649.78 的资金。\n\n3. 这些转让属于实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分予以实施，且作出该等转让时意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序拥有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第544、547、548、549和550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、273-a、274、275、276和278条2，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告为 Cotton Craft Textiles International Trading Limited，一家香港私人有限公司，地址为 18/F ON Building, 162 Queen's Road Central, Central Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第11章提交了自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产清单称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的\n\n2 以下对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均简称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约州统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或产生的义务。由于本起诉状所涉转让发生于 April 4, 2020 之前，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 以及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law §§273, 273-a, 274, 275, 276 and 278 请求救济。\n\n负债。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 Saraca）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件的受托人 [主案 Docket No. 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Saraca 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。4 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳把戏”，利用由家属、副手和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起若干对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产由衡平法上拥有\n\n3 资产及负债清单，第1页 [主案 Docket No. 78]。\n\n4. 受托人已经或即将对 Saraca（萨拉卡）提起对抗程序；该对抗程序除其他外，请求作出确认判决，认定 Saraca 系债务人的另我。受托人通过援引方式将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状纳入本文。\n\n债务人控制；且在数个对抗程序中，破产法院已给予该等救济。5\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 以来自其他由债务人控制的实体的现金购置的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人对抗程序中所处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（并经由该公司成为 Dawn State Limited（曙光州有限公司））的受益所有人，且债务人控制并使用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。6\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（G实体）（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制7、由债务人领导8，和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业工具”。9\n\n5 这些对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林威治土地有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（郭梅）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n6 关于批准要求认定债务人藐视公司治理命令之动议的裁定，第¶¶ 1、4段（Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“公司治理藐视裁定”））。\n\n18. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方盈利有限公司）——一家最初由债务人的一名厨师所有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——本质上是债务人的“一家空壳公司”。10\n\n19. 债务人不遗余力地阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，有限合伙）（“PAX”）的追偿努力。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）对债务人提起诉讼，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就应付欠款作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 获得纽约法院作出的针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX判决——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称其由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓为其儿子以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中拒不遵守纽约法院命令，最终导致债务人承担 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 经更正的部分批准初步禁令动议的决定备忘录，第¶ 3段（Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及关联实体‘GTV’”））。\n\n8 同上，第¶ 7段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（吹哨人运动）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上。（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员个人上效忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n20. 债务人还将包括 Saraca 在内的其另我作为个人钱袋使用，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢侈生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐藏于该等另我之中，以逃避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等另我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n21. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其没有足够资产清偿其负债，且其奢侈生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家人持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅在财产清单中列报 \\$3,850 的资产。12\n\n22. 2023年3月，债务人被捕，并在等待就包括电信欺诈、证券欺诈和洗钱在内的联邦刑事指控受审期间持续被羁押。\n\n23. United States Government（美国政府）在对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，对超过 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”13\n\n24. 在申请日之前的任何时候，债务人的另我（包括 Saraca）的财产均为债务人的财产。\n\n11 关于债务人请求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令之动议的听证会：(I) 授权债务人获得无担保、次级的申请后融资；(II) 安排临时及最终听证会；以及 (III) 给予相关救济（主案，April 27, 2022）\n\n12 见注3\n\n13 见 United States of America（美利坚合众国）反对被告 Yanping Wang（王艳萍）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页；该备忘录作为附件B附于 Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）对 G Club Operations LLC（G俱乐部运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制执行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中（June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934）。\n\n25. 在与本文有关的所有期间内，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）经营业务，包括指示本起诉状所涉的申请日前转让。\nD. 债务人的空壳骗局和欺诈在申请后持续进行\n\n26. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我（包括 Saraca）持有的全部财产均成为第11章财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n27. 申请日后，债务人公然蔑视破产法院及其在 Bankruptcy Code（破产法典）下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司（包括但不限于 Saraca）实施转让。\n\n28. 该等申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获破产法典授权。\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而实施的转让\n\n29. 本起诉状所涉的转让（定义见本文）均系通过债务人的另我空壳公司实施，而该等空壳公司作为债务人空壳骗局的一部分运作，故该等转让系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\n30. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿并耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称身无分文，同时却大量花费，以维持其本人、其家人及其亲密同伙的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n31. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审理中的刑事案件中面临多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索指控。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 215] (Jan. 3, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n32. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，致使不会留有足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n33. 在申请日之前，债务人使用其另我空壳公司 Saraca，或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给被告（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见附于本文并构成本文一部分的附表A。\n\n34. 在作出该等转让时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n35. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n第一项请求\n（根据破产法典第548(a)(1)(A)条和第550(a)条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n36. 受托人重复主张并再次主张第1至35段所载的指控，如同其在本文中完整列明。\n\n37. 债务人通过其另我 Saraca 作出该等转让，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n38. 债务人在实施该等转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他外，由以下事实表明：\n\na. 该等转让系使用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让作为债务人“空壳骗局”的一部分实施，借助债务人控制的家人及其他得力助手和下属，意图隐匿和遮蔽资产；\n\nd. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中获益，而不使其财产落入其债权人可及范围，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产落入其债权人可及范围，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在作出该等转让时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在作出该等转让时，债务人无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n39. 该等转让可由受托人依据破产法典第548(a)(1)(A)条撤销，并可依据破产法典第550(a)条追回。\n第二项请求\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第273、273-a、274、275、276和278条，以及破产法典第544(b)条和第550(a)条撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求）\n\n40. 受托人重复主张并再次主张第1至35段所载的指控，如同其在本文中完整列明。\n\n41. 债务人通过其另我 Saraca 作出该等转让，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n42. 债务人在实施该等转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他外，由以下事实表明：\n\na. 该等转让系使用另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让作为债务人“空壳骗局”的一部分实施，借助债务人控制的家人及其他得力助手和下属，意图隐匿和遮蔽资产；\n\nd. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中获益，而不使其财产落入其债权人可及范围，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产落入其债权人可及范围，推进了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在转让发生时，债务人已资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n43. 根据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》sections 273、273-a、274、275、276 和 278，以及《破产法》section 544(b)，该等转让可由受托人撤销，并可根据《破产法》section 550(a) 予以追回。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告根据《破产法》section 548(a)(1)(A)，金额不少于 $190,649.78 的转让予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产之利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告根据《破产法》section 544(b) 及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》sections 273、273-a、274、275、276 和 278，金额不少于 $190,649.78 的转让予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》及《破产法》section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财产之利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人裁定判决前利息；以及\n\n4. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n日期：February 15, 2024　New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）第 11 章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Avram E. Luft\n\nAvram E. Luft（阿夫拉姆·E·卢夫特）（获准 pro hac vice）\nDouglass Barron（道格拉斯·巴伦）（获准 pro hac vice）\nPAUL HASTINGS LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所）\n200 Park Avenue\nNew York, New York 10166\n(212) 318-6000\naviluft@paulhastings.com\ndouglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n以及\n\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）（ct00616）\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）（ct29437）\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n第 11 章受托人代理律师\n\nCase 22-50073　Doc 2891　Filed 02/15/24　Entered 02/15/24 12:14:18　Page 16 of 16\n\n附件 A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Saraca","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Paul Hastings","Himalaya","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","GETTR","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":215,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4392,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-15 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-15","updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:02:57"}