{"id":"court_ctb_2894_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":2894,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2024-02-15","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
RM
Auctions
Deutschland
GMBH
and
Qiang
Guo | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Avram E. Luft and Douglass Barron
Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166
(212) 318-6000 | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
Ƒ'HEWRU
Ƒ86
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
Ƒ&UHGLWRU
Ƒ2WKHU
Ƒ7UXVWHH
✔ | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
ƑDebtor
ƑU.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
ƑCreditor
ƑOther
ƑTrustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OFCAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL
U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
Complaint
of
Chapter
11
Trustee
seeking
avoidance
and
recovery
of
fraudulent
transfers
and
postpetition
transfers
and
related
relief
pursuant
to
Bankruptcy
Code
Sections
549 and
550 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
Ƒ
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
Ƒ
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
Ƒ
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
Ƒ
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
Ƒ
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | Ƒ
Ƒ
Ƒ
Ƒ
Ƒ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other
FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
Ƒ
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h)
FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge | Ƒ
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
Ƒ
72-Injunctive relief – other
FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest | | | | |\n| Ƒ
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e)
FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
Ƒ
51-Revocation of confirmation | Ƒ
81-Subordination of claim or interest
FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
Ƒ
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
Ƒ
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
Ƒ
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
Ƒ
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
Ƒ
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
Ƒ
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
Ƒ
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| ƑCheck if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
✔ | ƑCheck if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| Ƒ&KHFNLIDMXU\\trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| /s/
Avram
E.
Luft | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| February
15,
2024 | | Avram
E.
Luft | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*.,1\n\nDebtors.\n\nChapter 11\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nv.\n\nFebruary 15, 2024\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nRM AUCTIONS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH and QIANG GUO,\n\nDefendants.\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendants RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH\n\n(\"RM Auctions\") and Qiang Guo, stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate effectuated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Himalaya International Clearing Ltd (\"Himalaya\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$3,957,808.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the RM Auctions as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because this postpetition transfer of estate property was not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, it is subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. Defendant RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH is a corporation formed under the laws of Germany, with an address at (i) Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse 18-20, 53113 Bonn, Germany, and (ii) Viktoriaplatz 1, Munich, Germany.\n\n9. Qiang Guo is an individual residing at Flat 6, 5 Princes Gate, London SW7 1QJ.\n\n10. Qiang Guo is the Debtor's son.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Himalaya.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\nTrustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. Himalaya is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n18. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Himalaya, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing\n\n 3 The Trustee has or will imminently commence an adversary proceeding against Himalaya, which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that Himalaya is the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in such adversary proceeding.\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; and (vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023].\n\nassets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Himalaya, was at all times property of the Debtor.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n19. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Himalaya, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n20. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Himalaya.\n\n21. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n22. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint funded costs in connection with the purchase of a 1989 Ferrari 640, *i.e.*, a Formula One racing car with which the Ferrari team competed in the 1989 Formula One World Championship (the \"Racing Car\").\n\n23. The Racing Car was purchased for the benefit of Qiang Guo, the Debtor's son.\n\n24. The bill of sale with respect to the sale of the Racing Car identifies Qiang Guo as the buyer.\n\n25. Qiang Guo has participated in many of the Debtor's fraudulent schemes,\n\nincluding, among other things, illegal securities offerings, fraudulent cryptocurrency ventures, and the Debtor's \"G Club\" scheme. Qiang Guo has also assisted the Debtor in laundering and concealing the Debtor's assets to hinder, delay, or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n26. In the course of this involvement, Qiang Guo traveled to the United States. Qiang Guo has also benefited from transfers of funds that originated from within the United States, including the Transfers at issue in this Complaint.\n\n27. The Debtor received no consideration in exchange for the Transfers.\n\n## **D. Transfers to RM Auctions**\n\n28. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Himalaya, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the RM Auctions (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n29. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n30. The RM Auctions was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n31. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-30 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n32. The Transfer was made to RM Auctions by the Debtor, including through his alter-\n\nego shell company, Himalaya.\n\n33. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n34. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n35. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n36. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n37. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfer, or the value thereof, from RM Auctions plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n## **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim Against Qiang Guo to Recover Transfers for the Benefit of Qiang Guo Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Section 550(a))**\n\n38. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-30 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n39. Qiang Guo was the party for whose benefit the Transfers were made, because Qiang Guo obtained the use and enjoyment of the Aircraft.\n\n40. To the extent that the Transfers are avoided, without waiver of the Trustee's claims to recover the value from RM Auctions, the value of the Transfers is recoverable against Qiang Guo.\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$3,957,808.00 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from RM Auctions for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers are recoverable by the Trustee pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code and (b) recovery of the value of the\n\nTransfers in the amount of \\$3,957,808.00 from Qiang Guo, for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n4. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: February 15, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Avram E. Luft*\n\n Avram E. Luft (admitted pro hac vice) Douglass Barron (admitted pro hac vice) PAUL HASTINGS LLP 200 Park Avenue New York, New York 10166 (212) 318-6000 aviluft@paulhastings.com douglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n*and*\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n*Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 2894 Filed 02/15/24 Entered 02/15/24 12:26:42 Page 12 of 12\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\nFiled Under Seal","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nRM\nAuctions\nDeutschland\nGMBH\n及\nQiang\nGuo（郭强）\n\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nAvram E. Luft（阿夫拉姆·E·卢夫特）及 Douglass Barron（道格拉斯·巴伦）\nPaul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166\n(212) 318-6000 律师 （如已知）\n\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\nƑ债务人\nƑ美国受托人/破产管理人\nƑ债权人\nƑ其他\nƑ受托人\n\n✔ 当事人（仅勾选一项）\nƑ债务人\nƑ美国受托人/破产管理人\nƑ债权人\nƑ其他\nƑ受托人\n\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人提起的诉状，请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和申请后转让，并根据《破产法典》第549条及\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）项方框编号，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1)－金钱/财产追回\nƑ\n11－金钱/财产追回－§542 财产交还\nƑ\n12－金钱/财产追回－§547 偏颇性清偿\nƑ\n13－金钱/财产追回－§548 欺诈性转让\nƑ\n✔\n14－金钱/财产追回－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2)－留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\nƑ\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 Ƒ\nƑ\nƑ\nƑ\nƑ FRBP 7001(6)－可免责性（续）\n61－可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n68－可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63－可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64－可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n65－可免责性－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(7)－禁令救济\n\nFRBP 7001(3)－批准出售财产\nƑ\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h)\n\nFRBP 7001(4)－对免责提出异议/撤销免责 Ƒ\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\nƑ\n72－禁令救济－其他\n\nFRBP 7001(8)－债权或权益的劣后顺位\nƑ\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e)\n\nFRBP 7001(5)－撤销确认\nƑ\n51－撤销确认 Ƒ\n81－债权或权益的劣后顺位\n\nFRBP 7001(9)－确认之诉\nƑ\n91－确认之诉\n\nFRBP 7001(6)－可免责性\nƑ\n66－可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\nƑ\n62－可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\nƑ\n67－可免责性－§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10)－已移送诉讼的裁定\nƑ\n01－对已移送债权或诉因的裁定\n\n其他\nƑ\nSS－SIPA案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\nƑ\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\nƑ如本案涉及州法实质性争点，请勾选\n✔ Ƒ如主张本案为依据FRCP 23提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\nƑ如诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 \\$\n\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人名称\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格） 分院办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/\nAvram\nE.\nLuft\n\n日期 律师（或原告）印刷体姓名\nFebruary\n15,\n2024 Avram\nE.\nLuft\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立一项“破产财产”，该财产包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权甚广，可能就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交过程中采集表格1040中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制关于法院活动的必需统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规则所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。准确填写诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告、在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。在诉状中填入所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签字。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签字。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签字。\n\n美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，1\n\n债务人。\n\n第11章\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n（联合管理）\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n诉\n\nFebruary 15, 2024\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nRM AUCTIONS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH 及 QIANG GUO（郭强），\n\n被告。\n\n----------------------------------------------------- x\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条请求撤销及追回申请后转让并请求相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获指定的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，针对被告 RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH（“RM Auctions”）及 Qiang Guo（郭强）提交本对抗诉状（“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（吉尼弗控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（吉尼弗控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）破产财产的受托人（仅用于通知和通信目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销及追回债务人在本第11章案件开始后实施的、未经破产法院授权或未经《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Himalaya International Clearing Ltd（“Himalaya”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的 RM Auctions 转让了金额为 \\$3,957,808.00 的资金。\n\n3. 因该破产财产申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 和 550。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，系根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命[案件编号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告 RM Auctions Deutschland GmbH 是根据德国法律设立的公司，地址为：(i) Kurt-Schumacher-Strasse 18-20, 53113 Bonn, Germany，及 (ii) Viktoriaplatz 1, Munich, Germany。\n\n9. Qiang Guo（郭强）系居住于 Flat 6, 5 Princes Gate, London SW7 1QJ 的个人。\n\n10. Qiang Guo（郭强）是债务人的儿子。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n11. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第11编第11章自愿提交救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所示第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n12. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 Himalaya）持有及/或转让的财产。\n\n14. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出了一份决定备忘录及命令[主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页（主案，案卷编号 78）。\n\n受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）为第11章案件的受托人[主案案卷编号 523]。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. Himalaya 是债务人为欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、花费及转移数百万美元现金和其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n16. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司是其另我及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有在内的目的；且在若干案件中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲属及/或下属持有的、债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 以来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购置的资产，及/或无偿转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n18. 债务人还将其另我实体（包括 Himalaya）用作个人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时隐匿\n\n3 受托人已对或即将对Himalaya（喜马拉雅）提起对抗程序；该对抗程序尤其请求作出确认判决，确认Himalaya系债务人的另我。受托人通过援引方式将其在该对抗程序中提交的起诉状纳入本文件。\n\n4 这些对抗程序包括以下各项：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A.·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）诉HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee诉Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee诉Mei Guo（郭梅）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee诉HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK技术公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee诉Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee诉Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉（纽约）有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；以及(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee诉Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]。\n\n债务人向其债权人隐匿其在该等另我中的资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等另我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。该等另我（包括Himalaya）的财产在任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳骗局及欺诈行为在申请破产后持续\n\n19. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我持有的全部财产（包括Himalaya）均成为第11章破产财产。见11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n20. 在申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》所负义务，继续通过众多作为另我的空壳公司（包括但不限于Himalaya）实施转让。\n\n21. 该等申请破产后转让均未获破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\n22. 本起诉状所涉转让为购买一辆1989 Ferrari 640（法拉利640）所涉费用提供资金，即Ferrari（法拉利）车队用于参加1989 Formula One World Championship（1989年一级方程式世界锦标赛）的一辆一级方程式赛车（以下简称“赛车”）。\n\n23. 该赛车系为债务人的儿子Qiang Guo（郭强）的利益而购买。\n\n24. 有关该赛车出售的销售单据将Qiang Guo列为买方。\n\n25. Qiang Guo参与了债务人的许多欺诈计划，\n\n其中包括非法证券发行、欺诈性加密货币项目以及债务人的“G Club”计划。Qiang Guo还协助债务人洗钱及隐匿债务人的资产，以阻碍、拖延或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n26. 在参与该等活动期间，Qiang Guo曾前往美国。Qiang Guo还受益于源自美国境内的资金转让，包括本起诉状所涉转让。\n\n27. 债务人未就该等转让获得任何对价。\n\nD. 向RM Auctions（RM拍卖行）的转让\n\n28. 在申请日后，债务人通过包括Himalaya在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向RM Auctions转让债务人第11章破产财产的财产（统称“转让”），包括但不限于如下项目：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n29. 在转让发生时，债务人对其破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n30. RM Auctions系该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转让）\n\n31. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至30段所载指控，犹如在本文件中完整载明。\n\n32. 该转让由债务人向RM Auctions作出，包括通过其作为另我的空壳公司Himalaya作出。\n\n33. 该转让发生于申请日后。\n\n34. 该转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n35. 该转让构成未经授权转让债务人第11章破产财产的财产。\n\n36. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该转让可以撤销。\n\n37. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向RM Auctions追回该转让或其价值，并追回至付款之日止的利息及本案费用。\n\n第二项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第550(a)条向Qiang Guo请求追回为Qiang Guo利益而作出的转让）\n\n38. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至30段所载指控，犹如在本文件中完整载明。\n\n39. Qiang Guo系为其利益而作出该等转让的一方，因为Qiang Guo取得了对该航空器的使用及受益。\n\n40. 在该等转让被撤销的范围内，在不放弃受托人向RM Auctions追回该等价值的请求权的前提下，可向Qiang Guo追回该等转让的价值。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于$3,957,808.00的该转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；及(b) 命令撤销该转让；及(c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，由RM Auctions返还该转让，或由受托人选择返还其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告受托人可根据《破产法》第550(a)条追回该等转让；及(b) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向Qiang Guo追回金额为$3,957,808.00的该等转让价值；\n\n3. 向受托人判给自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；及\n\n4. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：February 15, 2024，New Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Avram E. Luft\n\nAvram E. Luft（阿夫拉姆·E.·卢夫特）（获准pro hac vice出庭）\nDouglass Barron（道格拉斯·巴伦）（获准pro hac vice出庭）\nPAUL HASTINGS LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所）\n200 Park Avenue\nNew York, New York 10166\n(212) 318-6000\naviluft@paulhastings.com\ndouglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n以及\n\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S.·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R.·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙泰斯律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n第11章受托人的代理律师\n\n案件22-50073，文件2894，提交于02/15/24，录入于02/15/24 12:26:42，第12页，共12页\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Guo","Despins","Himalaya","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Paul Hastings","Miles Guo","HCHK","CIPA","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2974,"status":"published","published_at":"2024-02-15 00:00:00","created_at":"2024-02-15","updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:41:51"}