{"id":"court_ctb_3360_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3360,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
ACASS U.S.A. Inc. | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔
CAUSE OF ACTION | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
✔
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee Seeking Avoidance and Recovery of Postpetition Transfer and Related Relief Pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code Sections 549, and 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | | |\n| DATE
July 29, 2024 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Patrick R. Linsey | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | :
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
:
: | x
Adv. Proceeding No. 24-___ |\n| ACASS U.S.A.INC., | :
: | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant.
:
: | x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFER AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549, AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant ACASS U.S.A. Inc. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate (the \"Estate\") after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Specifically, on or about October 19, 2022, the Debtor transferred to the Defendant a certain Bombardier Inc. model BD-700-1A0 Global Express XRS airframe bearing manufacturer's serial number 9189 with two installed Rolls-Royce BR710A2-20 engines bearing manufacturer's serial numbers 12489/BR710 and 12490/BR710 and one installed Allied Signal (now Honeywell) RE\\_220GX auxiliary power unit bearing manufacturer's serial number P-316/WE3800714-1 and all appurtenances, appliances, parts, avionics, instruments, components, accessions, furnishings, items of equipment and accessories installed thereon or appurtenant thereto (collectively, the \"Bombardier\").\n\n3. Although the Bombardier was nominally owned by one of the Debtor's shell companies, the Court has already ruled that the Bombardier was property of the Debtor's Estate on the date of the transfer; thus, the transfer of the Bombardier to the Defendant was a transfer of Estate property. Because the transfer was not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, it is subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Delaware corporation with a principal address at 601 Bayshore Boulevard, Suite 700, Tampa, Florida 33606.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies.\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n13. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property, became property of the Estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n14. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers of property that was property of the Estate.\n\n15. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Beneficial Ownership of Bombardier**\n\n16. At all times from in or around November 2018 until the Bombardier was transferred to the Defendant, the Bombardier was nominally owned by Whitecroft Shore Limited (\"Whitecroft\"), which in turn was nominally owned by the Debtor's daughter, Mei Guo.\n\n17. On May 16, 2023, the Trustee sued Mei Guo to establish that the Debtor beneficially owned the Bombardier (*see* Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008, the \"Mei Guo Adversary Proceeding\").\n\n18. On April 3, 2024, this Court granted the Trustee's motion for summary judgment in the Mei Guo Adversary Proceeding, determining, among other things, that the \"Bombardier was property of the Estate as of the filing of the … Debtor's [chapter 11] petition …\" [Adv. Proc. 23- 05008 Docket No. 126 at p. 29.]\n\n19. In so ruling, the Bankruptcy Court relied upon undisputed material facts including, among other things, that:\n\na. The Debtor initially purchased the Bombardier;\n\nb. The Bombardier was subsequently transferred to shell companies nominally owned by the Debtor's personal chef and daughter for no consideration;\n\nc. The Debtor continued to use and control the Bombardier after these transfers, including while it was nominally owned by Whitecroft; and\n\nd. The Debtor funded the operation and maintenance of the Bombardier through one of his alter egos, Golden Spring (New York) Ltd.\n\n[Adv. Proc. 23-05008 Docket No. 126 at pp. 27-28.]\n\n## **D. ACASS USA AND ACASS CANADA**\n\n20. The Defendant is an affiliate of ACASS Canada Ltd. (\"ACASS Canada\").\n\n21. From in or around July 2015 until the Defendant obtained the Bombardier,\n\nACASS Canada maintained and operated the Bombardier for the Debtor.\n\n22. ACASS Canada was aware of the Debtor's use and control of the Bombardier.\n\n23. In 2022, ACASS Canada negotiated to obtain the transfer of the Bombardier\n\nthrough its affiliate, the Defendant.\n\n24. Andre Khury (\"Mr. Khury\") is the President of the Defendant and the CEO of ACASS Canada. On or about August 2, 2022, signed an Aircraft Purchase Agreement with respect to the Bombardier (the \"APA\") on behalf of the Defendant.\n\n5\n\n25.\n\n26. On or about September 8, 2022, ACASS Canada received a copy of the *First Supplemental Omnibus Motion of Chapter 11 Trustee for Entry of Order Under Bankruptcy Rule 2004 and Local Rule 2004-1 Authorizing Discovery with Respect to Additional Legal and Financial Advisors to the Debtor, Entities and Individuals Affiliated with Debtor, and Relevant Banks* [Main Case Docket No. 839] (the \"Rule 2004 Motion\"). The Court granted the Rule 2004 Motion on September 21, 2022 [Main Case Docket No. 886]. Included as an attachment to the Rule 2004 Motion was a form of subpoena inquiring as to the Bombardier and Whitecroft (the \"ACASS Subpoena\").\n\n27. On or about September 13, 2022, counsel for the Trustee was contacted by counsel for ACASS Canada and, thereafter, counsel for the Trustee and ACASS Canada communicated concerning the ACASS Subpoena in September 2022.\n\n28. As of September 2022, ACASS Canada was aware from these communications and its review of the ACASS Subpoena that: (a) the Debtor was the debtor in this Chapter 11 Case; (b) the Trustee was appointed Chapter 11 Trustee for the Debtor; and (c) the Trustee was investigating the Debtor's interest in the Bombardier.\n\n## **E. Transfer to Defendant**\n\n29. On or about October 19, 2022, the Bombardier was transferred to the Defendant (the \"Transfer\").\n\n30. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n31. At the time of the Transfer, the Defendant knew through ACASS Canada that: (a) the Debtor was the debtor in this Chapter 11 Case; (b) the Trustee was appointed Chapter 11 Trustee for the Debtor; and (c) the Trustee was investigating the Debtor's interest in the Bombardier.\n\n32. The value of the Bombardier at the time of the Transfer was no less than \\$13,500,000, which was the purchase price set forth in the APA.\n\n33. To date, the Trustee has recovered \\$10,218,943.38 of sale proceeds with respect to the Bombardier (the \"Recovered Proceeds\"), however, the remainder of the sale proceeds have been dissipated.\n\n34. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's Estate.\n\n35. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]*\n\n# **CLAIM FOR RELIEF**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n36. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-35 as\n\nif fully set forth herein.\n\n- 37. The Transfer was made to the Defendant of property that was property of the Estate.\n- 38. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n- 39. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n- 40. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Estate.\n- 41. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n- 42. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe value of the Transfer, less the Recovered Proceeds, from the Defendant, plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. (a) an order declaring that the Transfer is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the value of the Transfer less the Recovered Proceeds from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's Estate pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]*\n\nDated: July 29, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins，Chapter 11 受托人 被告\nACASS U.S.A. Inc.（ACASS美国公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka，Patrick R. Linsey\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙泰斯律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔\n诉因 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n✔\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\nChapter 11 受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条，请求撤销及追回申请提交后转让并寻求相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为 1，第一备选诉因为 2，第二备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产返还\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 偏颇性清偿\n□\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性（续）\n□\n61－可解除性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68－可解除性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63－可解除性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－可解除性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65－可解除性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务\n□\n41－对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务－§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后顺位\n□\n81－债权或权益的劣后顺位\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91－确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性\n□\n66－可解除性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权\n□\n62－可解除性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－可解除性－§523(a)(4)，受托人身份欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） □\n其他\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n01－对被移送的请求或诉因的裁定\nSS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02－其他（例如，若与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体争议，请勾选 □ 如本案主张为 FRCP 23 项下集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 \\$\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件待决地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分院办公室\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期\nJuly 29, 2024 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nPatrick R. Linsey\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交会在破产法院管辖下创设一个“破产财团”，该财团包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生涉及债务人解除债务的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中采集表格 1040 中的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交及送达。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每一份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确按照起诉状所载填写原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该所一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: Chapter 11\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， :\n: 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n:\n: （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，CHAPTER 11\n受托人，\n诉 :\n:\n:\n:\n原告，\n:\n:\n:\n: x\n对抗程序编号 24-___\nACASS U.S.A. INC.（ACASS美国公司）， :\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。\n:\n: x\nCHAPTER 11 受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条请求撤销及追回申请提交后转让并寻求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的 Chapter 11 案件（“Chapter 11 案件”）中获任命的 Chapter 11 受托人（“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本 Chapter 11 案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP，200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团受托人（仅用于通知和通信）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），起诉被告 ACASS U.S.A. Inc.（“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本 Chapter 11 案件开始后，对债务人 Chapter 11 破产财团（“破产财团”）财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 具体而言，于或约于 October 19, 2022，债务人向被告转让了一架 Bombardier Inc.（庞巴迪公司）BD-700-1A0 型 Global Express XRS 飞机机体，制造商序列号为 9189，装配两台 Rolls-Royce BR710A2-20 发动机，制造商序列号为 12489/BR710 和 12490/BR710；一台装配的 Allied Signal（现为 Honeywell）RE_220GX 辅助动力装置，制造商序列号为 P-316/WE3800714-1；以及安装于其上或附属于其的全部附属物、器具、零件、航空电子设备、仪器、组件、添附物、陈设、设备物品及配件（统称“Bombardier”）。\n\n3. 尽管 Bombardier 名义上由债务人的一家空壳公司持有，法院已经裁定，在转让之日 Bombardier 属于债务人破产财团的财产；因此，向被告转让 Bombardier 构成对破产财团财产的转让。由于该转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可依据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人是本 Chapter 11 案件中的 Chapter 11 受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [Case No. 22-50073（“主案件”）Docket No. 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家 Delaware（特拉华州）公司，其主要地址为 601 Bayshore Boulevard, Suite 700, Tampa, Florida 33606。\n事实\nA. Chapter 11 案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）自愿提交了依据《破产法典》Chapter 11 请求救济的申请，从而启动本 Chapter 11 案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本 Chapter 11 案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产并承担数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人的确负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多自我替身空壳公司持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n2 资产及负债清单，第 1 页 [主案件 Docket No. 78]。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案件 Docket No. 465]，指示美国受托人在本 Chapter 11 案件中任命一名 Chapter 11 受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为本 Chapter 11 案件的受托人 [主案件 Docket No. 523]。\nB. 债务人的空壳操作及欺诈在申请提交后持续进行\n\n13. 截至申请日，债务人的全部财产均成为破产财团财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n14. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法典》下的义务，继续实施对属于破产财团财产的转让。\n\n15. 该等申请提交后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未经《破产法典》授权。\nC. 债务人对 Bombardier 的受益所有权\n\n16. 自约 November 2018 起至 Bombardier 被转让给被告时止，Bombardier 名义上一直由 Whitecroft Shore Limited（“Whitecroft”）持有，而 Whitecroft 又名义上由债务人的女儿 Mei Guo（郭美）持有。\n\n17. 于 May 16, 2023，受托人起诉 Mei Guo，以确认债务人对 Bombardier 享有受益所有权（见 Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008，即“Mei Guo 对抗程序”）。\n\n18．2024年4月3日，本院批准了受托人在 Mei Guo 对抗程序中提出的简易判决动议，并认定，其中包括，“截至……债务人提交其[chapter 11]申请之日，Bombardier（庞巴迪）飞机属于破产财产……”[Adv. Proc. 23-05008 Docket No. 126 at p. 29.]\n\n19．在作出该裁定时，破产法院所依据的无争议重要事实包括，其中包括：\n\na．债务人最初购买了该庞巴迪飞机；\n\nb．该庞巴迪飞机随后无对价转让给名义上由债务人的私人厨师和女儿拥有的空壳公司；\n\nc．在上述转让后，债务人继续使用和控制该庞巴迪飞机，包括在其名义上由 Whitecroft（怀特克罗夫特）拥有期间；以及\n\nd．债务人通过其替身实体之一 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd.（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）为该庞巴迪飞机的运营和维护提供资金。\n\n[Adv. Proc. 23-05008 Docket No. 126 at pp. 27-28.]\n\nD．ACASS USA（ACASS 美国）和 ACASS CANADA（ACASS 加拿大）\n\n20．被告是 ACASS Canada Ltd.（ACASS 加拿大有限公司）（“ACASS Canada”）的关联方。\n\n21．自2015年7月前后起，至被告取得该庞巴迪飞机时止，ACASS Canada 为债务人维护和运营该庞巴迪飞机。\n\n22．ACASS Canada 知悉债务人对该庞巴迪飞机的使用和控制。\n\n23．2022年，ACASS Canada 通过其关联方被告谈判取得该庞巴迪飞机的转让。\n\n24．Andre Khury（安德烈·库里）（“Khury 先生”）为被告的总裁兼 ACASS Canada 的首席执行官。2022年8月2日前后，Khury 先生代表被告就该庞巴迪飞机签署了一份《飞机购买协议》（the “APA”）。\n\n25．\n\n26．2022年9月8日前后，ACASS Canada 收到《Chapter 11 受托人首次补充综合动议：请求根据 Bankruptcy Rule 2004 和 Local Rule 2004-1 作出命令，授权就债务人的额外法律及财务顾问、与债务人关联的实体和个人以及相关银行进行证据开示》[Main Case Docket No. 839]（the “Rule 2004 Motion”）的副本。本院于2022年9月21日批准了该 Rule 2004 Motion [Main Case Docket No. 886]。作为该 Rule 2004 Motion 附件所附的是一份就该庞巴迪飞机和 Whitecroft 进行查询的传票格式文本（the “ACASS Subpoena”）。\n\n27．2022年9月13日前后，受托人的律师获 ACASS Canada 的律师联系；此后，受托人的律师与 ACASS Canada 的律师于2022年9月就该 ACASS Subpoena 进行了沟通。\n\n28．截至2022年9月，ACASS Canada 通过上述沟通及其对 ACASS Subpoena 的审阅知悉：（a）债务人是本 Chapter 11 Case 中的债务人；（b）受托人被指定为债务人的 Chapter 11 受托人；以及（c）受托人正在调查债务人对该庞巴迪飞机的权益。\n\nE．向被告的转让\n\n29．2022年10月19日前后，该庞巴迪飞机被转让给被告（the “Transfer”）。\n\n30．被告是该转让的初始受让人。\n\n31．在转让时，被告通过 ACASS Canada 知悉：（a）债务人是本 Chapter 11 Case 中的债务人；（b）受托人被指定为债务人的 Chapter 11 受托人；以及（c）受托人正在调查债务人对该庞巴迪飞机的权益。\n\n32．转让时该庞巴迪飞机的价值不少于 \\$13,500,000，即 APA 中载明的购买价格。\n\n33．截至目前，受托人已就该庞巴迪飞机收回 \\$10,218,943.38 的出售所得款项（the “Recovered Proceeds”）；然而，其余出售所得款项已被耗散。\n\n34．转让时，债务人对其破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n35．被告是该转让的初始受让人。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n救济请求\n\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code 第549条和第550(a)条提出的撤销及追回未经授权的申请后转让请求）\n\n36．受托人重申并重新主张第1至35段所载的指控，如同在本文件中完整列明。\n\n37．该转让系向被告转让属于破产财产的财产。\n\n38．该转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n39．该转让未经破产法院或 Bankruptcy Code 授权。\n\n40．该转让构成对破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n41．该转让可根据 Bankruptcy Code 第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n42．根据 Bankruptcy Code 第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该转让的价值，扣除已收回所得款项，并加计至付款日的利息及本诉讼的费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1．（a）作出命令，宣告该转让根据 Bankruptcy Code 第549条予以撤销；以及（b）作出命令，指示撤销该转让；以及（c）根据 Bankruptcy Code 第550(a)条，为债务人破产财产之利益向被告追回该转让的价值，扣除已收回所得款项；\n\n2．自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人判给判决前利息；以及\n\n3．本院在此种情形下认为公正、适当或合乎衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：July 29, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\nLUC A. DESPINS\nCHAPTER 11 受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey________\nDouglas S. Skalka（ct00616）\nPatrick R. Linsey（ct29437）\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\nChapter 11 受托人律师","key_entities":["Kwok","Despins","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","CIPA","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2865,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:43:53"}