{"id":"court_ctb_3399_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3399,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc
A.
Despins,
Chapter
11
Trustee | CLEAR | TREASURY
(UK
TRADING)
LIMITED | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
(203) 781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
X | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | |\n| Complaint
of
Chapter
11
Trustee
seeking
avoidance
and
recovery
of
postpetition
transfer
and
related
relief
pursuant
to
bankruptcy
code
sections
549
and
550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
X
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| □
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | | |\n| Ho
Wan
Kwok | | 22-50073
(JAM) | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie
A.
Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| /s/
Patrick
R.
Linsey | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n| August
13,
2024 | | Patrick
R.
Linsey | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n| | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n:\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*., 1\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\nChapter 11\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nAugust 13, 2024\n\nv.\n\nCLEAR TREASURY (UK TRADING) LIMITED,\n\nDefendant.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Clear Treasury (UK Trading) Limited (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, ACA Capital Group Ltd (\"ACA Capital\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$5,560,056.39 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n2\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a United Kingdom private limited company with an address located at 288 Bishopsgate, London, England, EC2M 4QP.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including ACA Capital.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\ntrustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. ACA Capital is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n3 On February 15, 2024, the Trustee commenced an adversary proceeding against, among others, ACA Capital (*see Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.,* et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.)), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that this entity was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 24- 0249, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249].\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including ACA Capital, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including ACA Capital, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including ACA Capital, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, ACA Capital.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company ACA Capital, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\n5\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Postpetition Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to\n\ncreditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Postpetition Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Postpetition Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, ACA Capital.\n\n25. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]*\n\n6\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$5,560,056.39 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: August 13, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\n## LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\nFILED UNDER SEAL","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附有说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），\n第 11 章受托人 CLEAR TREASURY (UK TRADING) LIMITED（CLEAR TREASURY（英国贸易）有限公司）\n\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩和蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n(203) 781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\nX □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产管理人\n□ 其他\n\n诉因\n（请简要说明诉因，包括所涉及的全部美国法典条款）\n\n第 11 章受托人提起的诉状，请求依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条撤销并追回破产申请提交后转移，以及请求相关救济。\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为 1、第一备选诉因为 2、第二备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追收金钱/财产\n□\n11—追收金钱/财产—§542 财产移交\n□\n12—追收金钱/财产—§547 优先受偿\n□\n13—追收金钱/财产—§548 欺诈性转移\n□\nX\n14—追收金钱/财产—其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61—可免责性—§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68—可免责性—§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63—可免责性—§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64—可免责性—§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\n□\n65—可免责性—其他\n□\n21—留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31—批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产—§363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71—禁令救济—施加中止\n□\n72—禁令救济—其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41—对免责提出异议/撤销免责—§727(c),(d),(e) □ FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n81—债权或权益劣后\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51—撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91—确认判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66—可免责性—§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权\n□\n62—可免责性—§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67—可免责性—§523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01—对移送的请求或诉因作出裁定\n\n其他\n□\nSS—SIPA 案件—15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02—其他（例如，如与破产案件无关则本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体性争议，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为根据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所由产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 22-50073\n(JAM)\n\n案件待决地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序待决地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\n\n日期 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nAugust 13, 2024 Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会产生由破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，该财团由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权极为宽泛，可能会就该财团的财产或财产权利产生诉讼。也可能会有关于债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的当事人还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交程序中获取表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其中所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文书。该封面页大体上不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每提交一份诉状，必须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告、在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格州地区破产法院布里奇波特分院）\n\n：\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，1\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n第 11 章\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nAugust 13, 2024\n\n诉\n\nCLEAR TREASURY (UK TRADING) LIMITED（CLEAR TREASURY（英国贸易）有限公司），\n\n被告。\n\n第 11 章受托人提起的诉状，请求依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条撤销并追回破产申请提交后转移，以及请求相关救济\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，针对被告 Clear Treasury (UK Trading) Limited（CLEAR TREASURY（英国贸易）有限公司）（“被告”）提起本对抗诉状（“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始后作出的、未经破产法院根据《美国法典》第 11 编（“《破产法典》”）授权的债务人第 11 章破产财团财产转移。\n\n2. 在破产申请提交日后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 ACA Capital Group Ltd（“ACA Capital”），向作为初始受让人的被告转移了 \\$5,560,056.39 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产申请提交后作出的破产财团财产转移未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序拥有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令[案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523]获任命。\n\n8. 被告是一家英国私人有限公司，地址位于 288 Bishopsgate, London, England, EC2M 4QP。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“破产申请提交日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州地区破产法院）（“破产法院”）提交了根据《美国法典》第 11 编第 11 章（“《破产法典》”）寻求救济的自愿申请，从而启动了上述标题所示第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了一个无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并承担了数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过包括 ACA Capital 在内的众多另我空壳公司持有和/或转移的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人于第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）为第 11 章案件的受托人[主案件案卷编号 523]。\n\n2 《资产和负债清单》，第 1 页[主案件案卷编号 78]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. ACA Capital 是债务人用以阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家族成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、花费和/或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，其中包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我和/或该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平持有；在数项该等对抗程序中，破产法院已经准予该等救济。4\n\n3 于 February 15, 2024，受托人对包括 ACA Capital 在内的主体提起对抗程序（见 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）），该对抗程序请求的救济包括确认判决，即该实体系债务人的另我。受托人特此通过引用方式纳入受托人在综合对抗程序中提交的诉状（Adv. Proc. No. 24-0249, Docket No. 1）。\n\n4 这些对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments（USA）Limited, LLC），等[对抗程序案号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，诉 Greenwich Land LLC（Greenwich Land LLC），等[对抗程序案号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[对抗程序案号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK Technologies, Inc.），等[对抗程序案号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，诉 Taurus Fund LLC（Taurus Fund LLC），等[对抗程序案号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（Golden Spring（New York）Limited）[对抗程序案号 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，诉 Lamp Capital LLC（Lamp Capital LLC），等[对抗程序案号 23-05023]；以及 (viii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人，诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd.（ACA Capital Group Ltd.），等[对抗程序案号 24-05249]。\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另我实体，包括 ACA Capital（ACA 资本），用作私人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于该等另我实体中而不让其债权人知悉，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过该等另我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。该等另我实体的财产，包括 ACA Capital，在申请日之前始终属于债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳公司骗局及欺诈在申请后继续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 ACA Capital，均成为第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》承担的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 ACA Capital。\n\n19. 该等申请后转让均未获破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 ACA Capital，或以其他方式，向被告转让了破产财产（统称“申请后转让”），包括但不限于如下转让：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n21. 在申请后转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告是申请后转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据《破产法》第 549 条及第 550(a) 条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n23. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 22 段所载的指控，如同在此完整载明。\n\n24. 债务人，包括通过其另我空壳公司 ACA Capital，向被告作出了申请后转让。\n\n25. 申请后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n26. 申请后转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n27. 申请后转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法》第 549(a) 条，申请后转让可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回申请后转让，或其价值，并加计截至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $5,560,056.39 的申请后转让根据《破产法》第 549 条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等申请后转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回申请后转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 裁定受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率获得判决前利息；及\n\n3. 法院在此情况下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：August 13, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附表 A\n\n密封提交\n\n英文","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2748,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:37:05"}