{"id":"court_ctb_3403_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3403,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| Luc
A.
Despins,
Chapter
11
Trustee | BIRCHSTONE
CAPITAL
AG | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
(203) 781-2847 | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
X | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | |\n| Complaint
of
Chapter
11
Trustee
seeking
avoidance
and
relief
pursuant
to
bankruptcy
code
sections
549
and
550 | recovery | of
postpetition
transfer
and
related | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
X
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | |\n| | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho
Wan
Kwok | | 22-50073
(JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie
A.
Manning | |\n| | | RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/
Patrick
R.
Linsey | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n| August
13,
2024 | | Patrick
R.
Linsey | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n| UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT |\n|--------------------------------|\n| DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT |\n| BRIDGEPORT DIVISION |\n\n:\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------|---|\n| | |\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*., 1\n\nDebtors.\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\nAugust 13, 2024\n\nChapter 11\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| | | |\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nv.\n\nBIRCHSTONE CAPITAL AG,\n\nDefendant.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFER AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Birchstone Capital AG (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover a transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, G Club International Limited (\"G Club International\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$3,153,823.50 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because this postpetition transfer of estate property was not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, it is subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a Swiss entity with an address located at Kägiswilerstrasse 17, 6060 Sarnen, OW, Switzerland.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including G Club International.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. G Club International is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n3 On February 15, 2024, the Trustee commenced an adversary proceeding against, among others, G Club International (*see Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.,* et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.)), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that this entity was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 24-0249, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249].\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including G Club International, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including G Club International, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including G Club International, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, G Club International.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs,\n\nfailed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.) The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent\" (*id.* at p. 17).\n\n23. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n24. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n## **E. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n25. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company G Club International, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Postpetition Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n26. At the time of the Postpetition Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n27. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Postpetition Transfer.\n\n6\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n28. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-27 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n29. The Postpetition Transfer was made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, G Club International.\n\n30. The Postpetition Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n31. The Postpetition Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n32. The Postpetition Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n33. The Postpetition Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n34. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfer in an amount not less than \\$3,153,823.50 is avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: August 13, 2024 New Haven, CT\n\n## LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|-------------------------------------------|-----------|----------------------|\n| 1 | G Club International Limited | 6/22/2022 | \\$
(3,153,823.50) |\n| | Total - Payments to Birchstone Capital AG | | \\$
(3,153,823.50) |","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告 被告\nLuc\nA.\nDespins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人 BIRCHSTONE\nCAPITAL\nAG（伯奇斯通资本股份公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）、Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n(203) 781-2847 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\nX □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉因 （简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第 11 章\n\n受托人\n提起的\n请求\n依据\n《破产法典》第\n\n549 条及 550 条撤销并追回\n破产申请提交后转让及相关\n救济的诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多可勾选五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为第 1 项、第一备选诉因为第 2 项、第二备选诉因为第 3 项，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 偏颇性清偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\nX\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免除性（续）\n□\n61-可免除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n□\n68-可免除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免除性 - 其他\n21-留置权或财产中其他权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人的财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免除性\n□\n66-可免除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免除性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人身份下的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续下栏） FRBP 7001(10) 已移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对已移送的请求或诉因作出裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关则本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及实体性州法问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 \\$\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名 破产案件编号\nHo\nWan\nKwok（郭文贵） 22-50073\n(JAM)\n案件审理地区 法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） Bridgeport（布里奇波特） Julie\nA.\nManning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办公室 法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/\nPatrick\nR.\nLinsey\n\n日期 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nAugust\n13,\n2024 Patrick\nR.\nLinsey\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖范围内设立一项“财产”，该财产由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就该财产或该财产的权利提起诉讼。也可能会有涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，但该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序的除外。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中获取表格 1040 上的信息。）填写完毕后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序，并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每提交一份诉状，均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。准确填写原告和被告在诉状中出现的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院\n\n康涅狄格州联邦地区\n布里奇波特分院\n\n：\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，1\n\n债务人。\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n（合并管理）\n\nAugust 13, 2024\n\n第 11 章\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\n诉\n\nBIRCHSTONE CAPITAL AG（伯奇斯通资本股份公司），\n\n被告。\n\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条请求撤销并追回破产申请提交后转让及相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（下称“债务人”或“Kwok（郭）”）的第 11 章案件（下称“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（下称“受托人”）身份，针对被告 Birchstone Capital AG（伯奇斯通资本股份公司）（下称“被告”）提交本对抗程序诉状（下称“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（吉尼弗控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）以及 Genever Holdings Corporation（吉尼弗控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC（吉尼弗控股有限责任公司）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（吉尼弗控股公司）的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，收件人为 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），作为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）破产财产的受托人（仅用于通知和通信）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始后对债务人第 11 章破产财产所作、且未经破产法院依据《美国法典》第 11 编（下称“破产法典”）授权的财产转让。\n\n2. 在申请日后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 G Club International Limited（G Club International Limited）（下称“G Club International”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$3,153,823.50 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该项破产财产的破产申请提交后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条被撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审理地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令任命 [案件编号 22-50073（下称“主案件”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家瑞士实体，地址位于 Kägiswilerstrasse 17, 6060 Sarnen, OW, Switzerland。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（下称“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦地区破产法院）（下称“破产法院”）依据《美国法典》第 11 编第 11 章（下称“破产法典”）提交自愿救济申请，从而启动了上述标题所示的第 11 章案件（下称“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。未任命审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露由其众多另我空壳公司（包括 G Club International）持有和/或转让的债务人财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出备忘决定及命令 [主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）为第 11 章案件中的受托人 [主案件案卷编号 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页 [主案件案卷编号 78]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. G Club International 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳游戏”，使用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起若干对抗程序，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司为其另我和/或确认该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在其中若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购置的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n3 于 February 15, 2024，受托人针对包括 G Club International 在内的数方提起对抗程序（见 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（下称“综合对抗程序”）），该对抗程序请求除其他事项外作出确认判决，确认该实体为债务人的另我。受托人通过援引方式将受托人在综合对抗程序中提交的诉状（Adv. Proc. No. 24-0249, Docket No. 1）纳入本文。\n\n4 这些对抗程序包括以下案件：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭美）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（Golden Spring（纽约）有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（Lamp资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；以及 (viii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd.（ACA资本集团有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 24-05249]。\n\n16. 债务人还将其另一自我实体，包括 G Club International（G Club International），用作个人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢靡生活提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于这些另一自我实体中，以逃避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过这些另一自我实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。包括 G Club International 在内的这些另一自我实体的财产，在申请日之前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的障眼法和欺诈在申请日后继续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另一自我实体持有的全部财产，包括 G Club International，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过众多作为另一自我实体的空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 G Club International。\n\n19. 这些申请日后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求的时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《部分准许延长期限动议的裁决备忘录及命令》[主案案卷编号 2921]（以下简称“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据《破产程序规则》9006(b)，将《破产法》第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括 2024年8月15日。\n\n21. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的清单及财务状况陈述，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且未以其他方式与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令，第14页。）\n\n22. 债务人的家属及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院已作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿[Mei] Guo，以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示而构成藐视法庭”，即为明证。（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中，不遵守本院命令的情形是非同寻常的”（同上），并且面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”（同上，第17页）。\n\n23. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉状中提出的请求方面一直勤勉行事。\n\n24. 鉴于受托人在开展其勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻碍等因素，衡平利益的权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所述请求的任何诉讼时效实行衡平法上的时效中止。\n\nE. 向被告的转让\n\n25. 申请日后，债务人通过其空壳公司 G Club International，或以其他方式，向被告转让了破产财产（合称“申请日后转让”），包括但不限于如下转让：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n26. 在申请日后转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n27. 被告是申请日后转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法》第549条及第550(a)条提出的撤销并追回未经授权的申请日后转让的请求）\n\n28. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至27段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n29. 债务人向被告作出了申请日后转让，包括通过其作为另一自我实体的空壳公司 G Club International 作出的转让。\n\n30. 申请日后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n31. 申请日后转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n32. 申请日后转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n33. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，申请日后转让可以撤销。\n\n34. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回申请日后转让或其价值，并加计至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$3,153,823.50 的申请日后转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该申请日后转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，按受托人的选择向被告追回申请日后转让或其价值；\n\n2. 裁定受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率获得判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院可根据具体情形认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：August 13, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH 专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附件A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 G Club International Limited（G Club International有限公司） 6/22/2022 \\$\n(3,153,823.50)\n\n支付给 Birchstone Capital AG（Birchstone Capital股份公司）的款项合计 \\$\n(3,153,823.50)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3064,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:48:11"}