{"id":"court_ctb_3415_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3415,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | | |\n| Luc
A.
Despins,
Chapter
11
Trustee | IW
GROUP | SERVICES
UK
LTD | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
(203) 781-2847 | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
X | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION | | (WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | |\n| Complaint
of
Chapter
11
Trustee
seeking
avoidance
and
recovery
of
fraudulent
transfers
and
related
relief
pursuant
to
bankruptcy
code
sections
544,
548,
and
550
and
New
York
Debtor
&
Creditor
Law
Sections
273,
274,
and
276 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT | | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
X
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
X
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□ | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| 21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property
FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | □
□ | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | □ | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | □
Other
□
□ | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
X | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| Ho
Wan
Kwok | | 22-50073
(JAM) | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | DIVISION OFFICE | | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| Connecticut | | Bridgeport | Julie
A.
Manning | |\n| | | RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY | |\n| | | | PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| /s/
Patrick
R.
Linsey | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| | | | | |\n| DATE | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | |\n| August
14,
2024 | | | | |\n| | | Patrick
R.
Linsey | | |\n| | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n| UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT |\n|--------------------------------|\n| DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT |\n| BRIDGEPORT DIVISION |\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*., 1\n\n:\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\nAugust 14, 2024\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nChapter 11\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nv.\n\nIW GROUP SERVICES UK LTD,\n\nDefendant.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant IW Group Services UK Ltd (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover the transfer of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company Hamilton Capital Holding Ltd (\"Hamilton Capital\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$1,306,811.50 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n# **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548 and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 273, 273a, 275, 276, and 278.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a United Kingdom private limited company with an address located at 6th Floor 2 Kingdom Street, London, United Kingdom, W2 6BD.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Hamilton Capital.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\ntrustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n# **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Hamilton Capital is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n4 On February 15, 2024, the Trustee commenced an adversary proceeding against, among others, Hamilton Capital (*see Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.,* et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\")), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that this entity was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 24- 0249, Docket No. 1).\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249].\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n16. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n17. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor,7 led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n18. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\nowned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n19. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n20. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Hamilton Capital, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n21. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n22. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested by federal authorities and held without bail. On July 16, 2024, following a trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the Debtor was convicted of nine felony counts, *i.e.*, racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit securities fraud, wire fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, securities fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, wire fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, securities fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, and wire fraud in connection with the Himalaya Exchange.\n\n23. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserted that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n24. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Hamilton Capital, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n25. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the Transfers (as defined herein).\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3.\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n## **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n26. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n27. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n28. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor has been convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n29. The Debtor knew and intended that, by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner, there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **E. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n30. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth\n\n8\n\nin Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n31. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n32. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17).\n\n33. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n34. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n## **F. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n35. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell company Hamilton Capital, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n36. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n37. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n38. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-37 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n39. The Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter ego, Hamilton Capital, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n40. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors and/or by causing valuable assets to be placed in the hands of the Debtor's family members;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX\n\nin the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n41. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n42. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-37 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n43. The Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter ego company, Hamilton Capital, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n44. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nTransfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Transfers were effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n\nb. The Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors and/or by causing valuable assets to be placed in the hands of the Debtor's family members;\n\ne. The Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n45. The Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,306,811.50 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$1,306,811.50 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n4. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n# [*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: August 14, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID# | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|-----|----------------------------|------------|-------------------|\n| 1 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 11/30/2020 | \\$
(55,261.03) |\n| 2 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 12/3/2020 | (295.84) |\n| 3 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 12/3/2020 | (295.84) |\n| 4 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 12/3/2020 | (295.84) |\n| 5 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 12/4/2020 | (4,142.09) |\n| 6 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 12/15/2020 | (63,762.56) |\n| 7 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 1/14/2021 | (59,357.62) |\n| 8 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 1/15/2021 | (112.51) |\n| 9 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 1/15/2021 | (86.42) |\n| 10 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/4/2021 | (8,373.26) |\n| 11 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/11/2021 | (4,476.49) |\n| 12 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/15/2021 | (60,783.06) |\n| 13 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/15/2021 | (5,653.08) |\n| 14 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/15/2021 | (4,571.26) |\n| 15 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/15/2021 | (2,609.11) |\n| 16 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/15/2021 | (115.17) |\n| 17 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/15/2021 | (115.17) |\n| 18 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/18/2021 | (5,991.76) |\n| 19 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/22/2021 | (5,719.14) |\n| 20 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/22/2021 | (4,624.68) |\n| 21 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/22/2021 | (2,639.60) |\n| 22 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 2/26/2021 | (10,621.32) |\n| 23 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 3/15/2021 | (115.06) |\n| 24 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 3/15/2021 | (115.06) |\n| 25 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 3/18/2021 | (81,659.38) |\n| 26 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 3/18/2021 | (26,121.54) |\n| 27 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 4/19/2021 | (89,230.10) |\n| 28 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 4/19/2021 | (115.83) |\n| 29 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 4/19/2021 | (115.83) |\n| 30 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 5/18/2021 | (141,491.48) |\n\n| | Total - PaymentstoIWGroupServicesUKLtd | | \\$
(1,306,811.50) |\n|----|----------------------------------------|------------|----------------------|\n| 63 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 1/19/2022 | (116.26) |\n| 62 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 1/19/2022 | (116.26) |\n| 61 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 1/4/2022 | (14,025.95) |\n| 60 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 1/4/2022 | (32,106.83) |\n| 59 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 12/20/2021 | (112.77) |\n| 58 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 11/18/2021 | (115.39) |\n| 57 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 11/18/2021 | (147,432.31) |\n| 56 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 10/11/2021 | (7,779.42) |\n| 55 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 9/20/2021 | (116.82) |\n| 54 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 9/20/2021 | (116.82) |\n| 53 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 9/20/2021 | (106,396.13) |\n| 52 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 9/14/2021 | (117.78) |\n| 51 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 9/14/2021 | (117.78) |\n| 50 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 9/14/2021 | (8,549.90) |\n| 49 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 8/19/2021 | (116.46) |\n| 48 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 8/19/2021 | (116.46) |\n| 47 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 8/19/2021 | (299.47) |\n| 46 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 8/19/2021 | (299.47) |\n| 45 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 8/19/2021 | (101,481.41) |\n| 44 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 8/4/2021 | (10,947.16) |\n| 43 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 7/20/2021 | (588.79) |\n| 42 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 7/19/2021 | (113.18) |\n| 41 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 7/19/2021 | (113.18) |\n| 40 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 7/19/2021 | (96,295.75) |\n| 39 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 6/22/2021 | (723.15) |\n| 38 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 6/22/2021 | (5,577.66) |\n| 37 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 6/22/2021 | (12,456.77) |\n| 36 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 6/17/2021 | (115.37) |\n| 35 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 6/17/2021 | (115.37) |\n| 34 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 6/17/2021 | (92,542.06) |\n| 33 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 6/2/2021 | (28,587.22) |\n| 32 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 5/18/2021 | (117.48) |\n| 31 | HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd | 5/18/2021 | (117.48) |\n| | | | |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面）　对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告　被告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），\n第 11 章\n受托人　IW GROUP SERVICES UK LTD（IW 集团服务英国有限公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n(203) 781-2847　律师　（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\nX　□ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人　当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n诉讼原因　（简要陈述诉讼原因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第 11 章\n受托人提起的诉状，\n请求根据《破产法典》第 544、548 及 550 条\n以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条，\n撤销并追回欺诈性转让及获得相关救济。\n\n诉讼性质\n（从主要诉讼原因作为 1 开始，最多勾选五（5）个方框；第一备选诉讼原因作为 2，第二备选诉讼原因作为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\nX\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\nX\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□　□\n□\n□\n□\n□　FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n65-可免责性 - 其他\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团及共同所有人财产 - §363(h)　□\n□　FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n71-禁令救济 – 实施停止令\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责的异议/撤销\n□\n41-对免责的异议/撤销 - §727(c),(d),(e)　□　FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n81-债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认　□　FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人身份下的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏）　□\n其他\n□\n□　FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n01-对被移送债权或诉讼原因的裁定\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关则本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法的实体性问题，请勾选\nX　□ 如本案主张根据 FRCP 23 构成集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选　请求 \\$＿＿＿＿\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名　破产案件编号\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵）　22-50073\n(JAM)\n案件待决地区　分部办事处　法官姓名\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州）　Bridgeport（布里奇波特）　Julie\nA.\nManning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告　被告　对抗\n程序编号\n\n对抗程序待决地区　分部办事处　法官姓名\n\n律师（或原告）签名\n\n/s/\nPatrick\nR.\nLinsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\n\n日期　律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nAugust\n14, 2024\n\nPatrick\nR.\nLinsey\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财团”，该财团由债务人的所有财产组成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权产生诉讼。也可能存在有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交 Form 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交程序中采集 Form 1040 上的信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确按照诉状所载名称填写原告和被告的名称。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院\n\n康涅狄格州地区\n布里奇波特分部\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，1\n\n：\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\nAugust 14, 2024\n\n案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\n第 11 章\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n诉\n\nIW GROUP SERVICES UK LTD（IW 集团服务英国有限公司），\n\n被告。\n\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法典》第 544、548 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及获得相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（杰纳维尔控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（杰纳维尔控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对被告 IW Group Services UK Ltd（“被告”）提起本对抗诉状（“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始前对债务人财产所作的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其替身空壳公司 Hamilton Capital Holding Ltd（“Hamilton Capital”）于申请日（定义见下文）前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了 \\$1,306,811.50 资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳骗局”的一部分实施，且作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）第 544、548 和 550 条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 和 276 条 2 或任何其他适用的州法同等规定。\n\n2 下文对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。《纽约统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了《纽约统一欺诈性转让法》（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law 第 273、273a、275、276 和 278 条寻求救济。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依照破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令[案号 22-50073（“主案件”）卷宗编号 523]获任。\n\n8. 被告是一家英国私人有限公司，地址位于 6th Floor 2 Kingdom Street, London, United Kingdom, W2 6BD。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州地区美国破产法院）（“破产法院”）根据《美国法典》第 11 编第 11 章（“破产法典”）提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所列第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并已产生数亿美元的负债。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露由其众多替身空壳公司（包括 Hamilton Capital）持有和/或转让的债务人财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案件卷宗编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章\n\n3 《资产及负债清单》，第 1 页[主案件卷宗编号 78]。\n\n受托人。依照该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件的受托人[主案件卷宗编号 523]。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Hamilton Capital 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多替身空壳公司之一。4 多年来，债务人精心策划了一场“空壳骗局”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳骗局使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产。\n\n14. 自获任以来，受托人在第 11 章案件中提起了多项对抗程序，以实现包括认定债务人的空壳公司为其替身和/或认定该等公司及其资产由债务人衡平拥有在内的目的；并且在若干该等对抗程序中，破产法院已经准予该等救济。5\n\n4 2024年2月15日，受托人对包括 Hamilton Capital（汉密尔顿资本）在内的各方提起了一项对抗程序（见 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）），该对抗程序除其他外，请求作出确认判决，确认该实体为债务人的另我。受托人通过援引方式将受托人在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉书（Adv. Proc. No. 24-0249, Docket No. 1）纳入本文。\n\n5 其中包括以下对抗程序：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（郭梅）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；及 (viii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.（ACA资本集团有限公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249]。\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间无偿转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n16. 除受托人对抗程序中所处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人为 Ace Decade Limited（十年王牌有限公司）（并通过该公司为 Dawn State Limited（黎明州有限公司））的实益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。6\n\n17. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制，7 由债务人领导8，和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业工具”。9\n\n18. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——一家在转让给债务人的女儿之前最初由债务人的一名厨师拥有的实体——“实质上是”债务人的“一家空壳公司”。10\n\n6 裁定：准许要求认定债务人违反公司治理命令的动议，¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“公司治理藐视法庭裁定”）。\n\n7 经更正的决定备忘录：部分准许初步禁令动议，¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及关联实体‘GTV’。”）。\n\n8 同上，¶ 7（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（爆料革命）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员在个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n19. 债务人为阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，L.P.）（“PAX”）的追偿工作而不遗余力。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）对债务人提起诉讼，Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 获得纽约法院针对债务人的判决，金额为 $116,402,019.57（“PAX判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决——包括 Lady May，债务人虚假声称该资产由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓由信托为债务人的儿子持有。债务人在判决后程序中藐视纽约法院命令的行为，最终导致债务人被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n20. 债务人还将包括 Hamilton Capital 在内的其另我用作个人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐藏在这些另我之中以躲避其债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过这些另我实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n21. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以偿付其负债，且其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。11 债务人仅列报 $3,850 的资产。12\n\n22. 2023年3月，债务人被联邦当局逮捕并被无保释羁押。2024年7月16日，在美国纽约南区联邦地区法院审理后，债务人被判九项重罪罪名成立，即敲诈勒索共谋、实施电信欺诈及银行欺诈共谋、洗钱共谋、实施证券欺诈共谋、与农场贷款计划有关的电信欺诈、与农场贷款计划有关的证券欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的电信欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的证券欺诈，以及与 Himalaya Exchange（喜马拉雅交易所）有关的电信欺诈。\n\n23. 美国政府在对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，对超过 $1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱”。13\n\n24. 债务人另我的财产，包括 Hamilton Capital 的财产，在申请日前任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n25. 在与本文有关的所有时间内，债务人在 New York, New York 从事商业活动，包括指示转让（定义见本文）。\n\n11 关于债务人动议的听证：请求作出临时及最终 DIP 命令，(I) 授权债务人获得无担保、次级的申请后融资，及 (II) 安排临时和最终听证会，及 (III) 给予相关救济 (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 见注3。\n\n13 见 United States of America（美利坚合众国）反对被告 Yanping Wang（王艳萍）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页，作为 Exhibit B 附于 Chapter 11 Trustee 对 G Club Operations LLC（G Club运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制执行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中 (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934)。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n26. 本起诉书中所涉转让，系通过作为债务人空壳游戏一部分而运作的债务人另我空壳公司作出，因而具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图。\n\n27. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却大肆挥霍，以维持其本人、家人及密切关联人的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n28. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人在美国纽约南区联邦地区法院待决的一宗刑事案件中，已被判多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索罪名成立。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n29. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会剩余足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，这些转让必然是出于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图而作出。\n\nE. 撤销请求权的期间中止\n\n30. 2024年2月15日，法院作出其《部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录和命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（“中止期间命令”），其中法院根据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将 Bankruptcy Code 第108、546和549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括2024年8月15日。\n\n31. 法院在中止期间命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的清单及财务状况说明书，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并以其他方式未与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为 Bankruptcy Code 规定的债务人所负的义务。（中止期间命令，第14页。）\n\n32. 与债务人有关的家庭成员及其他个人和实体同样阻挠了受托人的调查，法院作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿、[Mei] Guo，以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而藐视法庭”，即为明证。（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些共同管理的第11章案件中不遵守本法院命令的情形，是非同寻常的”（同上），并且面对该等阻挠，受托人的调查已“超出合理勤勉的程度”。（同上，第17页。）\n\n33. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉书中主张的请求权时已勤勉行事。\n\n34. 鉴于包括受托人在进行勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻挠在内的诸多因素，利益衡量强烈支持对适用于本文所主张请求权的任何时效期间实行衡平中止。\n\nF. 向被告作出的转让\n\n35. 在申请日前，债务人使用其另我空壳公司 Hamilton Capital，或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给被告（“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见附于本文并构成本文一部分的附表A。\n\n36. 在转让时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n37. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让的请求权）\n\n38. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至37段所载指称，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n39. 债务人通过其另我 Hamilton Capital 作出转让时，具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n40. 债务人在实施转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他外，表现如下：\n\na. 转让是使用另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 转让被向债务人的债权人隐瞒；\n\nc. 转让是在债务人家人以及其控制的其他助手和下属的协助下，作为债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受债权人追索，和/或通过使有价值的资产落入债务人家庭成员之手，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正面临诉讼，其中包括PAX（PAX）在PAX案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n41. 根据《破产法典》第548(a)(i)(A)条，该等转让可由受托人撤销；并根据《破产法典》第550(a)条予以追回。\n\n第二项请求\n（根据《纽约债务与债权人法》第273、274及276条，以及《破产法典》第544(b)及550(a)条，撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让之请求）\n\n42. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至37段所载主张，如同在此完整列明。\n\n43. 债务人通过其另我公司Hamilton Capital（汉密尔顿资本），以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而作出该等转让。\n\n44. 债务人在实施该等转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\na. 该等转让系使用一家另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 该等转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 该等转让系作为债务人的“空壳游戏”的一部分而实施，并在债务人的家庭成员及其控制的其他亲信和下属协助下，试图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获益，而不使其财产受债权人追索，和/或通过使有价值的资产落入债务人家庭成员之手，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该等转让通过使债务人能够从其欺诈行为中获利，而不使其财产受债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该等转让发生时，债务人正面临诉讼，其中包括PAX在PAX案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该等转让发生时，债务人无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n45. 根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law第273(a)(1)、274及276条以及《破产法典》第544(b)条，该等转让可由受托人撤销；并根据《破产法典》第550(a)条予以追回。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$1,306,811.50的该等转让根据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(A)条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该等转让；以及(c) 根据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$1,306,811.50的该等转让根据《破产法典》第544(b)条及N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law第273(a)(2)、274及276条予以撤销；就2020年4月4日之前的转让而言，根据N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law第273、273a、275、276及278条予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，指令撤销该项转让；以及(c) 根据N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law第276条及《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 向受托人裁定自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n4. 法院可视情形认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白]\n\n日期：August 14, 2024　New Haven, CT　LUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\n\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\n\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙泰思律师事务所）\n\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\n\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n\n(203) 781-2847\n\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\n\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附表A\n\n编号　账户持有人　日期　金额\n\n1　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　11/30/2020　$\n(55,261.03)\n\n2　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　12/3/2020　(295.84)\n\n3　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　12/3/2020　(295.84)\n\n4　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　12/3/2020　(295.84)\n\n5　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　12/4/2020　(4,142.09)\n\n6　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　12/15/2020　(63,762.56)\n\n7　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　1/14/2021　(59,357.62)\n\n8　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　1/15/2021　(112.51)\n\n9　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　1/15/2021　(86.42)\n\n10　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/4/2021　(8,373.26)\n\n11　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/11/2021　(4,476.49)\n\n12　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/15/2021　(60,783.06)\n\n13　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/15/2021　(5,653.08)\n\n14　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/15/2021　(4,571.26)\n\n15　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/15/2021　(2,609.11)\n\n16　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/15/2021　(115.17)\n\n17　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/15/2021　(115.17)\n\n18　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/18/2021　(5,991.76)\n\n19　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/22/2021　(5,719.14)\n\n20　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/22/2021　(4,624.68)\n\n21　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/22/2021　(2,639.60)\n\n22　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　2/26/2021　(10,621.32)\n\n23　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　3/15/2021　(115.06)\n\n24　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　3/15/2021　(115.06)\n\n25　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　3/18/2021　(81,659.38)\n\n26　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　3/18/2021　(26,121.54)\n\n27　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　4/19/2021　(89,230.10)\n\n28　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　4/19/2021　(115.83)\n\n29　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　4/19/2021　(115.83)\n\n30　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　5/18/2021　(141,491.48)\n\n合计－向IWGroupServicesUKLtd支付　$\n(1,306,811.50)\n\n63　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　1/19/2022　(116.26)\n\n62　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　1/19/2022　(116.26)\n\n61　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　1/4/2022　(14,025.95)\n\n60　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　1/4/2022　(32,106.83)\n\n59　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　12/20/2021　(112.77)\n\n58　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　11/18/2021　(115.39)\n\n57　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　11/18/2021　(147,432.31)\n\n56　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　10/11/2021　(7,779.42)\n\n55　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　9/20/2021　(116.82)\n\n54　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　9/20/2021　(116.82)\n\n53　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　9/20/2021　(106,396.13)\n\n52　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　9/14/2021　(117.78)\n\n51　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　9/14/2021　(117.78)\n\n50　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　9/14/2021　(8,549.90)\n\n49　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　8/19/2021　(116.46)\n\n48　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　8/19/2021　(116.46)\n\n47　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　8/19/2021　(299.47)\n\n46　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　8/19/2021　(299.47)\n\n45　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　8/19/2021　(101,481.41)\n\n44　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　8/4/2021　(10,947.16)\n\n43　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　7/20/2021　(588.79)\n\n42　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　7/19/2021　(113.18)\n\n41　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　7/19/2021　(113.18)\n\n40　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　7/19/2021　(96,295.75)\n\n39　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　6/22/2021　(723.15)\n\n38　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　6/22/2021　(5,577.66)\n\n37　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　6/22/2021　(12,456.77)\n\n36　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　6/17/2021　(115.37)\n\n35　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　6/17/2021　(115.37)\n\n34　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　6/17/2021　(92,542.06)\n\n33　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　6/2/2021　(28,587.22)\n\n32　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　5/18/2021　(117.48)\n\n31　HamiltonCapital HoldingLtd　5/18/2021　(117.48)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Farm Loan","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","Himalaya Exchange","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5243,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 20:07:10"}