{"id":"court_ctb_3416_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3416,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS | DEFENDANTS | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.) | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
NATURE OF SUIT | | | |\n| (Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------|-----------|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | | | |\n| DATE | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF) | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n| UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT |\n|--------------------------------|\n| DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT |\n| BRIDGEPORT DIVISION |\n\n| Chapter 11
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM)
(Jointly Administered) |\n|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| |\n| Adv. Proceeding No. [ ] |\n| August 14, 2024 |\n| |\n| COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY
OF POSPETITION TRASFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO |\n| |\n\n# **BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Qun Ju (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, G Club Operations LLC (\"G Club\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$340,040.00 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual with an address located at 1220 Mayflower Ave., Arcadia, CA 91006.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including G Club.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n# **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. G Club is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.3 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n3 On February 15, 2024, the Trustee commenced an adversary proceeding against, among others, G Club (*see Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.,* et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.)), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that this entity was the alter ego of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 24- 0249, Docket No. 1).\n\n4 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249].\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including G Club, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including G Club, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n# **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including G Club, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, G Club.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **D. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n20. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company G Club, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n21. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n22. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n23. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-22 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n24. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company, G Club.\n\n25. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n26. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n27. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n28. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n29. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]*\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$340,040.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: August 14, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\nFILED UNDER SEAL","body_zh":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)\n\n对抗性诉讼封面\n（说明见背面）　对抗性诉讼案号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告　被告\n代理律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）　代理律师\n（如已知）\n当事人身份（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产案管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人　当事人身份（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产案管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n诉由\n（简要陈述诉由，包括涉及的所有美国法律法规）\n诉讼性质\n（最多勾选五 (5) 项，主要诉由填 1，第一备选诉由填 2，第二备选诉由填 3，以此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回款项/财产\n□ 11-追回款项/财产 - §542 财产交出\n□ 12-追回款项/财产 - §547 优先清偿\n□ 13-追回款项/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□ 14-追回款项/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、顺位或范围\n□ 21-财产留置权或其他权益的有效性、顺位或范围　FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□ 61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭抚养费\n□ 68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意且恶意的伤害\n□ 63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□ 64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居债务（家庭抚养费除外）\n□ 65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准财产出售\n□ 31-批准出售破产财产及共有人的财产 - §363(h)　FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令性救济\n□ 71-禁令性救济 – 施加中止令\n□ 72-禁令性救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□ 41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e)　FRBP 7001(8) 权利主张或权益的次级化\n□ 81-权利主张或权益的次级化\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销重整计划确认\n□ 51-撤销重整计划确认　FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉判决\n□ 91-确认之诉判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□ 66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收主张\n□ 62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、实际欺诈\n□ 67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，以受托人身份实施的欺诈、侵吞公款、盗窃\n（续下一栏）　FRBP 7001(10) 移送案件的裁定\n□ 01-对移送的诉讼请求或诉由作出裁定\n其他\n□ SS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□ 02-其他（例如：若与破产案无关则本应向州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法的实质性争议，请勾选　□ 如本案主张依据 FRCP 23 构成集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉书中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济　请求标的金额 \\$\nB1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)\n\n引致本对抗性诉讼的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名　破产案件案号\n案件受理地区法院　分院办公室　法官姓名\n相关对抗性诉讼（如有）\n原告　被告　对抗性诉讼案号\n对抗性诉讼受理地区法院　法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n日期　律师（或原告）正楷姓名\n说明\n\n破产案件的申请在破产法院的管辖下产生一个“破产财产实体”，该实体由债务人所有的全部财产组成，无论该财产位于何处。由于破产财产实体范围极广且法院管辖权极宽，可能会产生关于该实体财产或财产权利的诉讼。也可能会产生关于债务人免责的诉讼。如果在破产法院提起此类诉讼，则被称为对抗性诉讼。\n\n提起对抗性诉讼的当事人还必须填写并提交 Form 1040，即对抗性诉讼封面，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件归档系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗性诉讼。（CM/ECF 会在立案过程中采集 Form 1040 上的信息。）填写完毕后，该封面概括了对抗性诉讼的基本信息。法院书记官需要该信息来处理对抗性诉讼并编制关于法院活动的法定统计报告。\n\n本封面及其所包含的信息并不替代或补充法律、破产规则或法院本地规则所要求的诉答文书或其他文件的提交与送达。该封面基本上一目了然，必须由原告律师（或未聘请律师的原告本人）填写。每提交一份起诉书，必须向书记官提交单独一份封面。\n\n原告与被告。准确填写起诉书上载明的原告和被告姓名。\n\n代理律师。填写律师的姓名和地址（如已知）。\n\n当事人身份。原告在第一栏勾选最适用的方框，被告在第二栏勾选。\n\n请求标的金额。输入起诉书中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面必须由记录在案的代理律师在表格第二页的签名栏中签名。如果原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该律所的成员签名。如果原告为本人亲自诉讼（pro se），即没有律师代理，则必须由原告本人签名。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT（美国破产法院）\nDISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT（康涅狄格区）\nBRIDGEPORT DIVISION（布里奇波特分院）\n\n第 11 章\n案号：22-50073 (JAM)\n（合并审理）\n\n对抗性诉讼案号：[ ]\n2024年8月14日\n\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条请求撤销并追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉书\n\nLuc A. Despins 以在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵，下称“债务人”或“郭”）的第 11 章案件（下称“第 11 章案件”）中被任命的第 11 章受托人（下称“受托人”）身份，针对被告 Qun Ju（鞠群，下称“被告”）提起本对抗性起诉书（下称“起诉书”），陈述如下：\n\n1 这些第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵，亦称郭文贵、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他诸多化名）（纳税人识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（纳税人识别号后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为：Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所）, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok（仅用于接收通知和联络）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗性诉讼，旨在撤销并追回本第 11 章案件启动后发生的、且未经破产法院依据《美国法典》第 11 编（下称《破产法典》）授权的债务人第 11 章破产财产的转让。\n\n2. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其作为其自身替身的空壳公司 G Club Operations LLC（下称“G Club”），向作为第一手受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$340,040.00 的资金。\n\n3. 由于这些破产财产的申请后转让未获得法院或《破产法典》的授权，因此依据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条应予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗性诉讼享有标的管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗性诉讼已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送至本法院。\n\n6. 本文书所寻求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550 条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 依据破产法院于 2022年7月8日 作出的命令 [案号 22-50073（下称“主案”）案卷号 523]，受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人。\n\n8. 被告为自然人，其地址位于 1220 Mayflower Ave., Arcadia, CA 91006。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 2022年2月15日（下称“申请日”）向 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格区破产法院，下称“破产法院”）提交了依据《美国法典》第 11 编（《破产法典》）第 11 章寻求救济的自愿申请，从而启动了上述标题所示的第 11 章案件（下称“第 11 章案件”）。\n\n10. 2022年3月21日，美国受托人办公室在本第 11 章案件中指定了无担保债权人官方委员会。本案尚未指定审查官。\n\n11. 债务人于 2022年3月 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单中，声称其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元的债务。2 尽管债务人确实深陷巨额债务，但其清单未能披露债务人通过其众多替身空壳公司（包括 G Club）所持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 2022年6月15日，破产法院作出一份决定备忘录与命令 [主案案卷号 465]，责令美国受托人在该第 11 章案件中指定一名第 11 章受托人。依据该命令，美国受托人选任 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。2022年7月8日，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为该第 11 章案件中的受托人 [主案案卷号 523]。\n\n2 资产与负债清单，第 1 页 [主案案卷号 78]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗性诉讼\n\n13. G Club 属于债务人用来阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多替身空壳公司之一。3 多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳把戏”，利用了一个错综复杂的空壳公司网络，这些公司名义上由其家庭成员、亲信骨干和/或下属拥有，但实际上由债务人控制。该空壳把戏使债务人得以使用、挥霍和/或转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起了多起对抗性诉讼，以确立债务人的空壳公司系其替身，和/或此类公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有等主张；在其中几起对抗性诉讼中，破产法院已准予此类救济。4\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由直系亲属和/或下属持有的受债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间及向空壳实体无偿转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从这些资产中获益并对这些资产享有控制和支配权。\n\n3 2024年2月15日，受托人针对 G Club 等主体提起了对抗性诉讼（见 Despins 诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd. 等人案 [对抗性诉讼案号 24-05249]（下称“统括对抗性诉讼”）），该对抗性诉讼请求（除其他事项外）作出确认该实体为债务人替身的确认之诉判决。受托人特此将受托人在统括对抗性诉讼中提交的起诉书（对抗性诉讼案号 24-05249，案卷号 1）通过引用纳入本文。\n\n4 其中包括以下对抗性诉讼：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC 等人 [对抗性诉讼案号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Greenwich Land LLC 等人 [对抗性诉讼案号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Mei Guo [对抗性诉讼案号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc. 等人 [对抗性诉讼案号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Taurus Fund LLC 等人 [对抗性诉讼案号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited [对抗性诉讼案号 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Lamp Capital LLC 等人 [对抗性诉讼案号 23-05023]；以及 (viii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd. 等人 [对抗性诉讼案号 24-05249]。\n\n16. 债务人（Debtor）还将包括 G Club 在内的另我实体用作个人储钱罐，资助他和他的家人已经习惯的挥霍生活方式，同时在这些另我实体中向其债权人隐匿资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人收回其债权。债务人通过这些另我实体进行的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。这些另我实体（包括 G Club）的财产在申请日（Petition Date）之前的任何时候都是债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳把戏与欺诈在申请后继续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体（包括 G Club）持有的所有财产均成为第 11 章破产财产（chapter 11 estate）的财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院（Bankruptcy Court）及其在《破产法典》（Bankruptcy Code）下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司（包括但不限于 G Club）进行转让。\n\n19. 这些申请后转让均未获得破产法院的授权，该等转让在《破产法典》下也未获得授权。\n\nD. 向被告的转让\n\n20. 申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 G Club 或以其他方式将破产财产的财产转让给被告（Defendant）（统称“转让”（Transfers）），包括但不限于如下所述：\n\n见随附于此并作为其一部分的附表 A（SCHEDULE A）。\n\n21. 在转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n22. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人（initial transferee）。\n\n第一项诉求\n（根据《破产法典》第 549 条和第 550(a) 条撤销并收回未经授权的申请后转让的诉求）\n\n23. 受托人（Trustee）重申并重新主张第 1-22 段中包含的指控，如同在此处完整陈述一样。\n\n24. 该等转让是由债务人（包括通过其另我空壳公司 G Club）向被告作出的。\n\n25. 该等转让发生在申请日之后。\n\n26. 该等转让未获得破产法院或《破产法典》的授权。\n\n27. 该等转让构成了对债务人第 11 章破产财产之财产的未经授权的转让。\n\n28. 根据《破产法典》第 549(a) 条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n29. 根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权从被告处收回该等转让，或其价值，加上截至付款之日的利息以及本诉讼的费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n请求救济\n\n为此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 一项命令：(a) 宣告根据《破产法典》第 549 条，金额不少于 $340,040.00 的转让被撤销；(b) 责令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，由受托人选择从被告处收回该等转让或其价值，以使债务人的破产财产获益；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提起本诉状（Complaint）之日起至本案作出判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院认为在此情况下公正、适当或公平的该等其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：2024 年 8 月 14 日 康涅狄格州纽黑文（New Haven, CT） LUC A. DESPINS 第 11 章受托人\n\n签字代表：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第 11 章受托人的法律顾问\n\n附表 A\n\n密封归档（FILED UNDER SEAL）","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Je","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":2562,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 13:57:23"}