{"id":"court_ctb_3496_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3496,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
BOIES SCHILLER FLEXNER LLP | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
✔
□ Trustee | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee seeking avoidance and recovery of fraudulent transfers and related relief pursuant to
Bankruptcy Code Sections 544 and 550 and New York Debtor and Creditor Law Sections 273, 274, and 276 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
✔ | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | | | |\n| DATE
August 30, 2024 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Patrick R. Linsey | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n| UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT |\n|--------------------------------|\n| DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT |\n| BRIDGEPORT DIVISION |\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*., 1\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n:\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\nChapter 11\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nAugust 30, 2024\n\nv.\n\nBOIES SCHILLER FLEXNER LLP,\n\nDefendant.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 276 AND 278**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Boies Schiller Flexner LLP (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover the transfer of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case.\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company Golden Spring (New York) Ltd. (\"Golden Spring\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$653,837.93 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. This transfer was actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated it as part of his \"shell game,\" and it was made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n# **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544 and 550 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 276 and 2782 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\" and refer to the statutes set forth in the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") as to any transfers that occurred prior to April 4, 2024. On April 4, 2024, the New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the NYUFC, and to the extent that transfers are identified on or after such date, the Trustee claims relief with respect to such transfers under the NYUVT.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Nevada Limited Liability Partnership with an address located at 333 Main Street, Armonk, New York 10504.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Golden Spring.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\ntrustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n# **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Golden Spring is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. Indeed, the Court has entered judgment to the effect that Golden Spring was the Debtor's alter ego. *See Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5018 (the \"Golden Spring A.P.\"), Docket No. 35). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Golden Spring A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 23- 5018, Docket No. 1) and the foregoing judgment.\n\n14. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets.\n\n15. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor. These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22- 05003] (the \"HK USA A.P.\"); (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005] (the \"Greenwich Land A.P.\"); (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008] (the \"Mei Guo A.P.\"); (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter*\n\n*11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013] (the \"HCHK A.P.\"); (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) the Golden Spring A.P.; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023] (the \"Lamp Capital A.P.\"); and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249]. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Court has entered judgment to the effect that some or all of the shell companies at issue were alter egos of the Debtor and/or that their assets were beneficially owned by the Debtor in the HK USA A.P.4 , the Greenwich Land A.P.5 , the Mei Guo A.P.6 , the HCHK A.P.7 , the Golden Spring A.P.8 , and in the Lamp Capital A.P.9\n\n## **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n17. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and\n\n4 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003 at Docket No. 221)\n\n5 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005 at Docket No. 133)\n\n6 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008 at Docket No. 126)\n\n7 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013 at Docket No. 297)\n\n8 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05018 at Docket No. 35)\n\n9 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05023 at Docket No. 66)\n\nthrough it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.10\n\n18. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled by the Debtor,11 led by the Debtor12 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.13\n\n19. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.14\n\n20. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying\n\n10 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\n11 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n12 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n13 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n14 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\nthe Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n21. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Golden Spring, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n22. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.15 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.16\n\n23. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested by federal authorities and held without bail. On July 16, 2024, following a trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the Debtor was convicted of nine felony counts, *i.e.*, racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit securities fraud, wire fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, securities fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, wire fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, securities fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, and wire fraud in connection with the Himalaya Exchange.\n\n15 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n16 *See* n.3.\n\n24. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserted that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the names of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"17\n\n25. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including Golden Spring, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n26. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the Transfer (as defined herein).\n\n## **D. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n27. The Transfer at issue in this Complaint was made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as it was made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell company operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n28. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many creditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n29. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor has been convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District\n\n17 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\nof New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n30. The Debtor knew and intended that, by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner, there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n31. The Debtor's ability to establish and maintain his shell game—which involved a tangled web of numerous alter-ego entities—depended upon, among other things, services provided by professional firms.\n\n32. The Defendant is a law firm the Debtor engaged to represent him with respect to various legal proceedings. The Transfer represents funds that the Debtor was ordered to pay the Defendant pursuant to an arbitration award (the \"Award\") for services it provided with respect to the PAX Case (in which Justice Ostrager ultimately found that the Debtor created a fraudulent scheme using hundreds of bank accounts and companies to defraud his creditors); *Beijing Zhong Xian Wei Ye Stainless Decoration Center v. Guo*, No. 653176/2017 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. filed June 9, 2017) (in which plaintiffs made similar allegations with respect to the Debtor's fraudulent conduct); and *HNA Group Co. Ltd. V Wengui*, No. 653281/2017 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.) (in which the Debtor was accused of defamation).\n\n33. Despite the arbitration award ordering the Debtor to pay the Defendant the amount of the funds at issue in the Transfer, consistent with the Debtor's use of shell companies to hide his assets and defraud creditors, the Debtor employed his Golden Spring alter ego to pay the Defendant.\n\n# **E. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n34. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell company Golden Spring, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n35. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n36. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfer.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n37. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-36 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n38. The Transfer was made by the Debtor, including through his alter ego company,\n\nGolden Spring, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n39. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nTransfer is shown by, among other things:\n\nconceal and shield assets;\n\n- a. The Transfer was effectuated using an alter-ego shell company;\n- b. The Transfer was concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Transfer, and in large part the work performed by the Defendant on behalf of the Debtor which caused the Debtor to be obligated to have the Transfer made,\n\nwas effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with or without the aid of the Debtor's\n\nfamily members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to\n\nd. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors and/or by causing valuable assets to be placed in the hands of the Debtor's family members;\n\ne. The Transfer furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n40. The Transfer is avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 278 and section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that all or a portion of the Transfer (in the amount to be determined at trial) is avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that all or a portion of the Transfer (in the amount to be determined at trial) be set aside; and (c) recovery of all or a portion of the Transfer (in the amount to be determined at trial), or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 278 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank*]\n\nDated: August 30, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| Transferor | Date of Transfer | Amount Transferred |\n|-------------------------------|------------------|--------------------|\n| Golden Spring (New York) Ltd. | 1/11/2019 | \\$653,837.93 |","body_zh":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)\n\n对抗程序封面表\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nBOIES SCHILLER FLEXNER LLP（博伊斯·席勒·弗莱克斯纳律师事务所）\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n✔\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉及的全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第544条及第550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273、274及276条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及获得相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多填写五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产追回\n□\n11-金钱/财产追回 - §542 财产交还\n□\n12-金钱/财产追回 - §547 偏颇性清偿\n□\n13-金钱/财产追回 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14-金钱/财产追回 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 □\n□\n□\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团及共同所有人的财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令性救济\n□\n71-禁令性救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令性救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选\n✔ □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n所请求的其他救济\nB1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)\n\n本对抗程序所由发生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格） 分院办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期\nAugust 30, 2024 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nPatrick R. Linsey\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院管辖下设立一个“破产财团”，该财团由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围如此广泛且法院管辖权如此宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面表》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格1040中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填写完成后，该封面表概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面表及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或地方法院规则所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面表大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每一份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写与起诉状所载一致的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。在起诉状中填写所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面表必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT（美国破产法院）\n\nDISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT（康涅狄格地区）\nBRIDGEPORT DIVISION（布里奇波特分院）\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等人，1\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n：\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\n第11章\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nAugust 30, 2024\n\n诉\n\nBOIES SCHILLER FLEXNER LLP，\n\n被告。\n\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第544条及第550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第276条及第278条，请求撤销并追回欺诈性转让及获得相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 及 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知及通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），针对被告 Boies Schiller Flexner LLP（“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回本第11章案件开始前债务人财产的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其替身空壳公司 Golden Spring (New York) Ltd.（“Golden Spring”），在申请日（定义见下文）之前，向作为初始受让人的被告转让了 \\$653,837.93 的资金。\n\n3. 该转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施，且该转让系为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序享有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）第544条及第550条，以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第276条及第278条2，或任何其他适用的州法对应规定。\n\n2 以下对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用，均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”，并就 April 4, 2024 之前发生的任何转让，指《纽约州统一欺诈性让与法》（“NYUFC”）规定的法条。April 4, 2024，《纽约州统一可撤销交易法》（“NYUVT”）取代了 NYUFC；如识别出在该日当日或之后发生的转让，受托人就该等转让依据 NYUVT 请求救济。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定[案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523]获任命。\n\n8. 被告系内华达州有限责任合伙企业，地址位于 333 Main Street, Armonk, New York 10504。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“申请日”）在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格地区美国破产法院）依据《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）第11章提交自愿救济申请，从而启动上述标题所示第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并负有数亿美元债务。3 债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多替身空壳公司（包括 Golden Spring）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人任命一名第11章\n\n3 资产和负债清单，第1页[主案件案卷编号 78]。\n\n受托人处理第11章案件。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 担任第11章案件的受托人[主案件案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Golden Spring 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多替身空壳公司之一。事实上，本院已作出判决，认定 Golden Spring 为债务人的替身。见 Despins v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（对抗程序编号 23-5018（“Golden Spring A.P.”），案卷编号 35）。受托人特此以引用方式并入受托人在 Golden Spring A.P. 中提交的起诉状（对抗程序编号 23-5018，案卷编号 1）及上述判决。\n\n14. 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产。\n\n15. 自受任以来，受托人已在 Chapter 11 Case（第11章案件）中提起多项对抗诉讼，以便除其他事项外，确认债务人的空壳公司系其替身实体，和/或确认该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有。该等对抗诉讼包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments（USA）有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]（“HK USA A.P.”）；(ii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]（“Greenwich Land A.P.”）；(iii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（梅果）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]（“Mei Guo A.P.”）；(iv) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK Technologies股份有限公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]（“HCHK A.P.”）；(v) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Golden Spring A.P.（黄金泉对抗诉讼）；(vii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]（“Lamp Capital A.P.”）；以及 (viii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.（ACA资本集团有限公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249]。这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司，(ii) 以来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买和/或无偿转让给空壳实体或在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 法院已在 HK USA A.P.4、Greenwich Land A.P.5、Mei Guo A.P.6、HCHK A.P.7、Golden Spring A.P.8 以及 Lamp Capital A.P.9 中作出判决，认定所涉部分或全部空壳公司系债务人的替身实体，和/或认定其资产的受益所有权归债务人所有。\n\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人所实施的行为\n\n17. 除受托人对抗诉讼中所处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人系 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（以及通过该公司，Dawn State Limited（曙光州有限公司））的受益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王燕平）。10\n\n4 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003 at Docket No. 221)\n\n5 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005 at Docket No. 133)\n\n6 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008 at Docket No. 126)\n\n7 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013 at Docket No. 297)\n\n8 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05018 at Docket No. 35)\n\n9 (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05023 at Docket No. 66)\n\n18. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均由债务人控制，11 由债务人领导12，和/或服务于债务人的目的并作为债务人的商业工具。13\n\n19. 在 Petition Date（申请日）之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方收益有限公司）——该实体最初由债务人的一名厨师所有，后转让给债务人的女儿——实质上是债务人的一家空壳公司。14\n\n20. 债务人竭尽全力阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金有限合伙企业）（“PAX”）的追偿努力。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“New York Court”）提起诉讼，案号为 Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX Case”），请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 获得 New York Court 对债务人作出的金额为 \\$116,402,019.57 的判决（“PAX Judgment”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX Judgment，其中包括 Lady May（梅号游艇）——债务人虚假声称该游艇归其女儿所有——以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓——债务人虚假声称该公寓系为债务人的儿子而以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中违抗 New York Court 命令，最终导致其被处以 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚金。\n\n10 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\")).\n\n11 Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n12 同上，第 7 段（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya 的领导人。”）。\n\n13 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员在个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n14 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n21. 债务人还将包括 Golden Spring 在内的其替身实体用作个人提款机，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐匿于该等替身实体中以逃避债权人，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过该等替身实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n22. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿其负债，其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。15 债务人仅申报 \\$3,850 的资产。16\n\n23. 2023年3月，债务人被联邦当局逮捕并被无保释羁押。2024年7月16日，在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York 进行审判后，债务人被判九项重罪罪名成立，即敲诈勒索共谋、实施电汇欺诈和银行欺诈的共谋、洗钱共谋、实施证券欺诈的共谋、与 Farm Loan Program 有关的电汇欺诈、与 Farm Loan Program 有关的证券欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的电汇欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的证券欺诈，以及与 Himalaya Exchange 有关的电汇欺诈。\n\n15 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n16 见注3。\n\n24. 在对债务人提出的刑事起诉书中，United States Government（美国政府）主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的超过约500个账户，对超过 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得进行洗钱。”17\n\n25. 在 Petition Date 之前的任何时候，债务人的替身实体（包括 Golden Spring）的财产均为债务人的财产。\n\n26. 在与本案相关的所有期间，债务人在 New York, New York（纽约州纽约市）开展业务，包括指示本文件所定义的转让。\n\nD. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n27. 本起诉状所涉转让的作出意图在于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人，因为该转让是通过债务人的替身空壳公司作出的，该公司作为债务人空壳游戏的一部分运营。\n\n28. 债务人故意以该方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假宣称贫困的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元的资产。债务人声称自己一贫如洗，同时却为维持其本人、其家庭成员及亲密关联人的亿万富翁生活方式而大肆花费。\n\n29. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从其加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处取得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人已在 U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中，被判多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索罪名成立。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n17 See Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\n30. 债务人明知并意图通过该方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会留有足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其诸多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然是为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出的。\n\n31. 债务人建立并维持其空壳游戏的能力——该游戏涉及众多替身实体构成的错综复杂网络——除其他事项外，取决于专业机构所提供的服务。\n\n32. 被告是一家债务人为就多项法律程序提供代理服务而聘请的律师事务所。该转让系债务人根据仲裁裁决（“Award”）被命令向被告支付的款项，用于支付被告就 PAX Case 提供的服务（在该案中，Ostrager 法官最终认定债务人利用数百个银行账户和公司设计了一项欺诈计划，以欺诈其债权人）；Beijing Zhong Xian Wei Ye Stainless Decoration Center（北京中显伟业不锈钢装饰中心）v. Guo（郭文贵）, No. 653176/2017 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. filed June 9, 2017)（在该案中，原告就债务人的欺诈行为提出了类似指控）；以及 HNA Group Co. Ltd.（海航集团有限公司）v Wengui（文贵）, No. 653281/2017 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.)（在该案中，债务人被指控诽谤）。\n\n33. 尽管仲裁裁决命令债务人向被告支付转让所涉款项金额，但与债务人利用空壳公司隐匿其资产并欺诈债权人的做法一致，债务人利用其替身实体 Golden Spring 向被告付款。\n\nE. 向被告作出的转让\n\n34. 在 Petition Date 之前，债务人通过其替身空壳公司 Golden Spring 或以其他方式，向被告转让债务人的财产（“Transfer”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见作为附件附于本文件并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n35. 在 Transfer 时，债务人对债务人财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n36. 被告是 Transfer 的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 以及 Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n37. 受托人重复陈述并再次主张第1至36段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n38. Transfer 由债务人作出，包括通过其替身公司 Golden Spring 作出，且债务人具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的实际意图。\n\n39. 债务人在实施 Transfer 时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\n隐匿及保护资产；\n\na. Transfer 是通过一家替身空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. Transfer 对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. Transfer，以及被告代表债务人实施的、在很大程度上导致债务人有义务作出 Transfer 的工作，均作为债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分而实施，无论是否在债务人控制的家庭成员及其他副手和下属的协助下，旨在\n\nd. 该转让通过使债务人在不使其财产受债权人追索的情况下从其欺诈行为中获益，及/或通过致使有价值的资产落入债务人家庭成员之手，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 该转让通过使债务人在不使其财产受债权人追索的情况下从其欺诈行为中获利，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在该转让发生时，债务人资不抵债或资本不足。\n\n40. 该转让可由受托人依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278 及 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 撤销，并可依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law section 278 及 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告依据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) 及 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 276 and 278，全部或部分转让（金额将在审判中确定）予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，责令撤销全部或部分转让（金额将在审判中确定）；以及 (c) 依据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 278 及 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人财产之利益，向被告追回全部或部分转让（金额将在审判中确定），或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按法定最高利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白]\n\n日期：August 30, 2024\nNew Haven, CT\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯）\nCHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE（第11章受托人）\n\n经由：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\n\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂斯律师事务所，专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n附件 A\n\n转让人 转让日期 转让金额\n\nGolden Spring (New York) Ltd.（金泉（纽约）有限公司） 1/11/2019 \\$653,837.93","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Himalaya","HCHK","Farm Loan","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","GTV","Saraca","Himalaya Exchange","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4281,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:29:27"}