{"id":"court_ctb_3696_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3696,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Norris McLaughlin, P.A. | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
✔
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee Seeking Avoidance and Recovery of Fraudulent Transfers and Postpetition Transfers
and Related Relief Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code Sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 and New York Debtor & Creditor Law
Sections 273, 274, and 276. | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
✔
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
✔ | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | |\n| DATE
October 15, 2024 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Patrick R. Linsey | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n| UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT |\n|--------------------------------|\n| DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT |\n| BRIDGEPORT DIVISION |\n\n:\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\nIn re:\n\nHO WAN KWOK, *et al*., 1\n\nCase No. 22-50073 (JAM)\n\nDebtors.\n\n(Jointly Administered)\n\nOctober 15, 2024\n\nAdv. Proceeding No. [ ]\n\nChapter 11\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE,\n\nPlaintiff,\n\nv.\n\nNORRIS MCLAUGHLIN, P.A.\n\nDefendant.\n\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549, AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273, 274, 276, AND 278**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Norris McLaughlin, P.A. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies Rule of Law Foundation III Inc. and Rule of Law Society IV Inc. (collectively, \"the ROL Entities\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$173,162.08 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies the ROL Entities, transferred funds in the amount of \\$167,031.71 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because this post-petition transfer of estate property was not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, it is subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 547, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273, 274, 276, and 278 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is a New Jersey professional corporation with an address at 400 Crossing Boulevard, 8th Floor, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\") on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\". The New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act (\"NYUVT\") replaced the New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act (\"NYUFC\") and became effective on April 4, 2020 and applies to transfers made or obligations incurred on or after April 4, 2020. With respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, the Trustee seeks relief in this action under the NYUFC and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including the ROL Entities.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. The ROL Entities are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors.4 For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets.\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n4 On February 15, 2024, the Trustee commenced an adversary proceeding against, among others, the ROL Entities (*see Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.,* et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.)), which adversary proceeding seeks, among other things, a declaratory judgment that these entities were the alter egos of the Debtor. The Trustee incorporates by reference herein the Trustee's Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Adv. Proc. No. 24-0249, Docket No. 1).\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.5\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n18. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.6\n\n19. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n5 These include the following adversary proceedings: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249].\n\n6 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor,7 led by the Debtor8 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.9\n\n20. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.10\n\n21. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n7 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n8 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n9 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n10 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n22. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including the ROL Entities, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n23. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.11 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.12\n\n24. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested by federal authorities and held without bail. On July 16, 2024, following a trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the Debtor was convicted of nine felony counts, *i.e.*, racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit securities fraud, wire fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, securities fraud in connection with the Farm Loan program, wire fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, securities fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, and wire fraud in connection with the Himalaya Exchange.\n\n25. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserted that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the\n\n11 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n12 *See* n.3.\n\nnames of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"13\n\n26. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including the ROL Entities, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n27. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the Transfers (as defined herein).\n\n## **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n28. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including the ROL Entities, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n29. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, the ROL Entities.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many\n\n13 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\ncreditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor has been convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n35. The Debtor's ability to establish and maintain his shell game—which involved a tangled web of numerous alter-ego entities—depended upon, among other things, services provided by professional firms.\n\n36. The Defendant is a law firm that, among other things, defended the ROL Entities in a lawsuit brought in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York involving allegations that, among other things, that the Debtor founded and controlled the ROL Entities and used them for his own ends. *See Tang, et al. v. Guo, et al.*, case no. 1:17-cv-09031 (Nov. 17, 2017 S.D.N.Y.) (the \"Tang Action\"). An opinion and order issued by the court in the Tang Action stated that the complaint, among other things, plausibly alleged that the Debtor used the ROL Entities' funds for his own purposes, including paying for his political asylum. *See id*., [ECF No. 36] (Nov. 20, 2019 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n### **F. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n37. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n38. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n39. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.) The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent\" (*id.* at p. 17).\n\n40. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n41. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n## **G. Tolling Stipulation Between Trustee and the Defendant**\n\n42. On August 16, 2024, the Bankruptcy Court entered an Order [Docket No. 3435] approving a Stipulation between the Trustee and the Defendant Tolling Applicable Statutes of Limitations with Respect to Potential Claims Against the Defendant, tolling the applicable statute of limitations from August 15, 2024 through and including October 15, 2024.\n\n# **H. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n43. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell companies the ROL Entities, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n44. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies the ROL Entities, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (the \"Postpetition Transfers,\" and with the Prepetition Transfers, collectively the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\n### See **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n45. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n46. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n47. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n48. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor including through his alter egos, the ROL Entities, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n49. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\na. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using alter-ego shell companies;\n\nb. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors and/or by causing valuable assets to be placed in the hands of the Debtor's family members;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\n> g. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n50. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(i)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n51. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n52. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, including through his alter ego companies, the ROL Entities, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n53. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nPrepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using alter-ego shell companies;\n- b. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to benefit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors and/or by causing valuable assets to be placed in the hands of the Debtor's family members;\n\ne. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\nf. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\ng. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n54. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n55. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-46 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n56. The Postpetition Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell companies, the ROL Entities.\n\n57. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n58. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n59. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n60. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n61. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n14\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$136,981.58 (*i.e.*, \\$173,162.08 less \\$36,180.50 transferred prior to February 15, 2020) are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$173,162.08 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 and, with respect to transfers prior to April 4, 2020, N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$167,031.71 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the\n\ndate of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: October 15, 2024 New Haven, CT LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n**(FILED UNDER SEAL)**\n\n# **SCHEDULE B**\n\n**(FILED UNDER SEAL)**","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明）　对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 受托人　被告\nNorris McLaughlin, P.A.（诺里斯·麦克劳克林专业协会）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847　律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔　当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n✔\n□ 受托人\n\n诉因\n（请简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\nChapter 11 受托人请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和申请破产后转让，并根据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274 及 276 条请求相关救济的起诉状。\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）项，自主要诉因起编号为 1，第一备选诉因为 2，第二备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产的追回\n□\n11—金钱/财产的追回 — §542 财产返还\n□\n12—金钱/财产的追回 — §547 优先受偿\n□\n✔\n13—金钱/财产的追回 — §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14—金钱/财产的追回 — 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21—留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围　FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免责性（续）\n□\n61—债务可免责性 — §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68—债务可免责性 — §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意伤害\n□\n63—债务可免责性 — §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64—债务可免责性 — §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65—债务可免责性 — 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31—批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 — §363(h)　FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71—禁令救济 — 实施中止\n□\n72—禁令救济 — 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41—对免责提出异议/撤销免责 — §727(c),(d),(e)　FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n□\n81—债权或权益的劣后\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51—撤销确认　FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91—确认判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免责性\n□\n66—债务可免责性 — §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62—债务可免责性 — §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67—债务可免责性 — §523(a)(4)，受托人身份下的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏）　FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01—对移送的债权或诉因作出裁定\n\n其他\n□\nSS—SIPA 案件 — 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02—其他（例如，如与破产案件无关原本将在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选\n✔　□ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选　请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所产生的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵）　破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州）　分部办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特）　法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告　被告　对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区　分部办事处　法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期\nOctober 15, 2024　律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nPatrick R. Linsey\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产组成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围极广且法院管辖权甚广，可能就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的当事人还必须填写并提交 Form 1040《对抗程序封面页》，除非该当事人通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将 Form 1040 上的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填写完成后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页大致可自行理解，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须另行向书记员提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请按照其在起诉状中的确切写法填写原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT（美国破产法院）\n\nDISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT（康涅狄格地区）\nBRIDGEPORT DIVISION（布里奇波特分部）\n\n：\n\n---------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于：\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵）等，1\n\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n\n（合并管理）\n\nOctober 15, 2024\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nChapter 11\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），CHAPTER 11 受托人，\n\n原告，\n\n诉\n\nNORRIS MCLAUGHLIN, P.A.（诺里斯·麦克劳克林专业协会）\n\n被告。\n\nCHAPTER 11 受托人根据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274、276 及 278 条请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和申请破产后转让，并请求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的 Chapter 11 案件（“Chapter 11 案件”）中获任命的 Chapter 11 受托人（“受托人”）身份，提交本\n\n1 本 Chapter 11 案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（又名 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 及 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），起诉被告 Norris McLaughlin, P.A.（“被告”），陈述如下：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销及追回：(a) 本 Chapter 11 案件启动前对债务人财产作出的转让；以及 (b) 本 Chapter 11 案件启动后，对债务人 Chapter 11 破产财团财产作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc.（法治基金会 III 公司）及 Rule of Law Society IV Inc.（法治协会 IV 公司）（合称“ROL 实体”），于申请日（定义见下文）前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$173,162.08 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让属于实际欺诈性转让，因为债务人将其作为其“空壳把戏”的一部分实施，且其作出该等转让的意图是阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债务人的债权人。\n\n4. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司 ROL 实体，向作为初始受让人的被告转让了金额为 \\$167,031.71 的资金。\n\n5. 由于该项申请破产后对破产财团财产作出的转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故该转让可根据《破产法典》第 549 及 550 条予以撤销及追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n6. 本院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n8. 本文请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 544、547、548、549 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、274、276 及 278 条2，或任何其他适用的州法同等规定。\n\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令[案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）卷宗编号 523]，担任 Chapter 11 案件的 Chapter 11 受托人。\n\n10. 被告是一家新泽西州专业公司，地址为 400 Crossing Boulevard, 8th Floor, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807。\n\n事实\n\nA. Chapter 11 案件\n\n11. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格地区美国破产法院）（“破产法院”）根据《美国法典》第 11 编 Chapter 11（“破产法典”）提交自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所示的 Chapter 11 案件（“Chapter 11 案件”）。\n\n12. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本 Chapter 11 案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n2 下文中对《纽约州债务人与债权人法》的所有法条引用均称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。New York Uniform Voidable Transactions Act（纽约州统一可撤销交易法）（“NYUVT”）取代了 New York Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act（纽约州统一欺诈性转让法）（“NYUFC”），并于 April 4, 2020 生效，适用于在 April 4, 2020 当日或之后作出的转让或承担的义务。对于 April 4, 2020 之前的转让，受托人在本诉讼中根据 NYUFC 及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第 273、273a、275、276 及 278 条寻求救济。\n\n13. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并承担数亿美元的负债。3 尽管债务人的确负债累累，其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括 ROL 实体）持有及/或转让的财产。\n\n14. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案件卷宗编号 465]，指示美国受托人在 Chapter 11 案件中任命一名 Chapter 11 受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 担任 Chapter 11 案件的受托人[主案件卷宗编号 523]。\n\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. ROL 实体是债务人用于阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。4 多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳把戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信及/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳把戏使债务人得以使用、花费及/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产。\n\n3 资产与负债清单，第 1 页 [主案卷宗编号 78]。\n\n4 2024年2月15日，受托人对包括 ROL Entities（ROL实体）在内的各方提起了一项对抗诉讼（见 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“综合对抗诉讼”）），该对抗诉讼除其他外，请求作出宣告性判决，确认该等实体为债务人的另我实体。受托人通过援引方式将其在综合对抗诉讼中提交的起诉状纳入本文（Adv. Proc. No. 24-0249, Docket No. 1）。\n\n16. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗诉讼，以便除其他外，确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我实体，及/或确认该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在其中若干对抗诉讼中，破产法院已准予该等救济。5\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属及/或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，及/或在空壳实体之间无偿转移的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其享有控制权及支配权。\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n18. 除受托人对抗诉讼中处理的事项外，破产法院已认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（艾斯十年有限公司）（并通过其成为 Dawn State Limited（道恩州有限公司））的实益所有人，且债务人控制并利用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王悦）。6\n\n19. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（G实体）（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦国）及 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他表面上独立的实体和组织，均受债务人控制\n\n5 该等对抗诉讼包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘斯）, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（郭梅） [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc., et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；以及 (viii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd., et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249]。\n\n6 准许要求认定债务人藐视公司治理命令之动议的命令，¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372（“公司治理藐视法庭命令”）)。\n\n由债务人领导7、8，及/或“服务于……的目的，并作为……的商业工具”服务于债务人。9\n\n20. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（东方利润有限公司）——该实体最初由债务人的一名厨师所有，后转让给债务人的女儿——“实质上是”债务人的一家“空壳公司”。10\n\n21. 债务人为阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（太平洋联盟亚洲机会基金，有限合伙）（“PAX”）的追偿工作，不遗余力。2017年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院）（“纽约法院”）以 Index No. 652077/2017（“PAX案件”）起诉债务人，请求就所欠款项作出判决。2021年2月3日，PAX 从纽约法院获得针对债务人的 \\$116,402,019.57 判决（“PAX判决”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX判决——包括 Lady May（梅夫人号），债务人虚假声称该游艇由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓由信托为其儿子持有。债务人在判决后程序中蔑视纽约法院命令，最终导致其被处以 \\$134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n7 经更正的部分准许初步禁令动议的裁决备忘录，¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023（“债务人还控制 Saraca Media Group（萨拉卡媒体集团）及关联实体‘GTV’”）)。\n\n8 同上，¶ 7（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement（吹哨人运动）、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya（喜马拉雅）的领导人。”）。\n\n9 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员在个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n10 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021)。\n\n22. 债务人还将其另我实体，包括 ROL实体，当作个人提款机，用以资助其本人及其家人已习惯的奢靡生活方式，同时向其债权人隐匿置于该等另我实体中的资产，并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿。债务人通过该等另我实体实施的转移延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n23. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿其负债，其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业予以资助。11 债务人仅在清单中列报 \\$3,850 的资产。12\n\n24. 2023年3月，债务人被联邦当局逮捕并被无保释羁押。2024年7月16日，在美国纽约南区联邦地区法院审判后，债务人被判九项重罪罪名成立，即：敲诈勒索共谋、电信欺诈及银行欺诈共谋、洗钱共谋、证券欺诈共谋、与 Farm Loan Program（农场贷款计划）有关的电信欺诈、与 Farm Loan program 有关的证券欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的电信欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的证券欺诈，以及与 Himalaya Exchange（喜马拉雅交易所）有关的电信欺诈。\n\n25. 美国政府在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少80个不同实体或个人名义持有的约500多个账户，洗白逾 \\$1 billion 的欺诈所得。”13\n\n11 关于债务人申请作出临时及终局 DIP 命令的听证会，该命令：(I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资；(II) 安排临时及终局听证会；以及 (III) 准予相关救济（主案，April 27, 2022）。\n\n12 见脚注3。\n\n26. 在申请日之前的任何时候，债务人另我实体的财产，包括 ROL实体，均为债务人的财产。\n\n27. 在本文所涉的所有相关期间，债务人在 New York, New York 从事商业活动，包括指示转移（定义见本文）。\nD. 债务人的空壳把戏及欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n28. 截至申请日，债务人通过其另我实体持有的全部财产，包括 ROL实体，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n29. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过众多另我空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于 ROL实体。\n\n30. 该等申请后转移均未经破产法院授权，该等转移亦未获《破产法》授权。\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转移\n\n31. 本起诉状所涉转移，系为阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出，因为该等转移是通过债务人的另我空壳公司作出的，而该等公司作为债务人空壳把戏的一部分运营。\n\n32. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在虚假声称无力偿债的同时，隐匿和耗散数百万美元资产，使其众多\n\n13 见美利坚合众国反对被告 Yanping Wang（王燕平）审前释放动议的法律备忘录，第29页，作为附件B附于第11章受托人对 G Club Operations LLC（G俱乐部运营有限责任公司）就受托人强制履行动议及相关救济请求提出的补充异议之答复（June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934）。\n\n债权人无法获偿。债务人声称自己身无分文，同时却大量支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切关联人士的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n33. 债务人隐匿和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害者处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人已在美国纽约南区联邦地区法院审理的一宗刑事案件中，被判多项重罪欺诈、洗钱和敲诈勒索罪名成立。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.)。\n\n34. 债务人明知并意图通过以该方式隐匿和耗散其资产，将不会有足够资产剩余以偿还其债权人——包括其众多欺诈行为的受害者。因此，该等转移必然是为阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\n35. 债务人建立并维持其空壳把戏的能力——该把戏涉及由众多另我实体构成的错综复杂网络——除其他外，取决于专业事务所提供的服务。\n\n36. 被告是一家律师事务所，该所除其他外，在美国纽约南区联邦地区法院提起的一宗诉讼中为 ROL实体提供辩护；该诉讼涉及的指控包括，债务人创立并控制 ROL实体，并为其自身目的使用该等实体。见 Tang, et al. v. Guo, et al., case no. 1:17-cv-09031 (Nov. 17, 2017 S.D.N.Y.)（“Tang诉讼”）。法院在 Tang诉讼中作出的意见和命令指出，起诉状除其他外，可信地指称债务人将 ROL实体的资金用于其个人目的，包括支付其政治庇护费用。见同上，[ECF No. 36] (Nov. 20, 2019 S.D.N.Y.)。\nF. 撤销请求的时效中止\n\n37. 2024年2月15日，法院作出部分准许延长期限动议的裁决备忘录和命令 [Main Case Docket No. 2921]（“时效中止命令”）。法院在该命令中依 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将《破产法》第108、546和549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括 2024年8月15日。\n\n38. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且未以其他方式与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》下债务人的义务。（Tolling Order at p. 14.）\n\n39. 债务人的家庭成员以及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样妨碍了受托人的调查，法院作出的“至少八项命令”即为证明，这些命令认定“……债务人、其女儿[Mei] Guo（郭梅），以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭。”（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中，不遵守本法院命令的行为是非同寻常的”（同上），并认定，面对该等妨碍，受托人的调查“远不止于合理勤勉”（同上，第17页）。\n\n40. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉状所主张的请求方面已尽到勤勉义务。\n\n41. 鉴于受托人在开展勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常的妨碍等情况，衡平利益的权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求的任何时效期间进行衡平延长。\n\nG. 受托人与被告之间的时效延长约定\n\n42. 2024年8月16日，破产法院作出命令[Docket No. 3435]，批准受托人与被告之间关于延长针对被告的潜在请求所适用时效期间的约定，将适用的时效期间自2024年8月15日起延长至2024年10月15日（含当日）。\n\nH. 向被告进行的转移\n\n43. 在申请日之前，债务人通过其作为另我的空壳公司ROL Entities（ROL实体），或以其他方式，向被告转移了债务人的财产（“申请前转移”），包括但不限于如下事项：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n44. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司ROL Entities，或以其他方式，向被告转移了破产财团财产（“申请后转移”，连同申请前转移，合称“转移”），包括但不限于如下事项：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件B。\n\n45. 在发生该等转移时，债务人对其破产财团的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n46. 被告系该等转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项诉请\n\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移的请求）\n\n47. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至46段所载的指控，犹如在本文中已完整列明。\n\n48. 债务人，包括通过其另我ROL Entities，以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的方式作出了申请前转移。\n\n49. 债务人在实施申请前转移时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其通过以下事实得到证明：\n\na. 申请前转移系通过另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请前转移向债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请前转移构成债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，债务人在其控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施该等转移，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转移通过使债务人得以从其欺诈行为中获益而不使其财产受到债权人追索，和/或通过致使有价值的资产落入债务人家庭成员之手，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请前转移通过使债务人得以从其欺诈行为中获利而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在申请前转移发生时，债务人正遭受诉讼，包括PAX（PAX）在PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在申请前转移发生时，债务人无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n50. 受托人可依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(i)(A) 撤销申请前转移，并可依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a) 追回该等转移。\n\n第二项诉请\n\n（根据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 274, and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a) 撤销并追回实际欺诈性转移的请求）\n\n51. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至46段所载的指控，犹如在本文中已完整列明。\n\n52. 债务人，包括通过其作为另我的公司ROL Entities，以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的方式作出了申请前转移。\n\n53. 债务人在实施申请前转移时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，尤其通过以下事实得到证明：\n\na. 申请前转移系通过另我空壳公司实施；\n\nb. 申请前转移向债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请前转移构成债务人“空壳把戏”的一部分，债务人在其控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属的协助下实施该等转移，意图隐匿和保护资产；\n\nd. 申请前转移通过使债务人得以从其欺诈行为中获益而不使其财产受到债权人追索，和/或通过致使有价值的资产落入债务人家庭成员之手，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\ne. 申请前转移通过使债务人得以从其欺诈行为中获利而不使其财产受到债权人追索，进一步促成了债务人的欺诈行为；\n\nf. 在该等转移发生时，债务人正遭受诉讼，包括PAX在PAX案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\ng. 在申请前转移发生时，债务人无清偿能力或资本不足。\n\n54. 受托人可依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1), 274, and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code 撤销申请前转移，并可依据 section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code 追回该等转移。\n\n第三项诉请\n\n（根据 Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a) 撤销并追回未经授权的申请后转移的请求）\n\n55. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至46段所载的指控，犹如在本文中已完整列明。\n\n56. 债务人，包括通过其作为另我的空壳公司ROL Entities，向被告作出了申请后转移。\n\n57. 申请后转移发生于申请日之后。\n\n58. 申请后转移未经破产法院或 Bankruptcy Code 授权。\n\n59. 申请后转移构成对债务人第11章破产财团财产的未经授权转移。\n\n60. 可依据 Bankruptcy Code section 549(a) 撤销申请后转移。\n\n61. 根据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)，受托人有权向被告追回申请后转移，或其价值，并追回截至支付之日的利息及本案诉讼费用。\n\n请求救济\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 对第一项诉请，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$136,981.58的申请前转移（即$173,162.08减去2020年2月15日之前转移的$36,180.50）依据 Bankruptcy Code section 548(a)(1)(A) 予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，责令撤销申请前转移；及(c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财团的利益，向被告追回申请前转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 对第二项诉请，(a) 作出命令，宣告金额不少于$173,162.08的申请前转移依据 Bankruptcy Code section 544(b) and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(2), 274 and 276 予以撤销；对于2020年4月4日之前的转移，则依据 N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273, 273a, 275, 276 and 278 予以撤销；(b) 作出命令，责令撤销申请前转移；及(c) 依据 N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code，为债务人破产财团的利益，向被告追回申请前转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 对第三项诉请，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于$167,031.71的申请后转移依据 Bankruptcy Code section 549 予以撤销；及(b) 作出命令，责令撤销申请后转移；及(c) 依据 Bankruptcy Code section 550(a)(1)，为债务人破产财团的利益，向被告追回申请后转移，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 向受托人裁定自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决作出之日止，按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：2024年10月15日\n康涅狄格州纽黑文\nLUC A. DESPINS\n第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附件A\n\n（密封提交）\n\n附件B\n\n（密封提交）","key_entities":["Despins","Je","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Farm Loan","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","Himalaya Exchange","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":36,"court":"CTB"},{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":5264,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:50:20"}