{"id":"court_ctb_3968_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":3968,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C. | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔
CAUSE OF ACTION | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
✔
□ Trustee
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee Seeking Avoidance and Recovery of Postpetition Transfer and Related Relief Pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code Sections 549 and 550 | | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
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81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | | | |\n| DATE
January 14, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Patrick R. Linsey | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| Debtors. | :
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
Plaintiff,
v.
UPDIKE, KELLY & SPELLACY, P.C.,
Defendant.
----------------------------------------------------------- | x
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:
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Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]
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January 14, 2025
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x |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C. (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Greenwich Land LLC (\"Greenwich Land\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$121,251.87 to the Defendant, as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550.\n\n2\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Connecticut professional corporation with an address at 225 Asylum Street, 20th Floor, Hartford, Connecticut 06103.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Greenwich Land.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case, Docket No. 78].\n\ntrustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. Greenwich Land is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. Indeed, the Bankruptcy Court has entered judgment to the effect that Greenwich Land was the Debtor's alter ego and that its property, following the Petition Date, was property of the chapter 11 estate. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005 (the \"Greenwich Land A.P.\"), Docket No. 134 (the \"Greenwich Land Judgment\")). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein, the Trustee's Complaint against Greenwich Land (Greenwich Land A.P. Docket No. 1), the Greenwich Land Judgment, and the Bankruptcy Court's *Memorandum of Decision and Order* granting summary judgment in favor of the Trustee (Greenwich Land A.P. Docket No. 133).\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Greenwich Land A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23- 05013]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins,*\n\n15. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n16. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including Greenwich Land, as personal piggybanks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme. The property of these alter egos, including Greenwich Land, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n## **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Greenwich Land, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Greenwich Land.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **D. Defendant's Involvement in Chapter 11 Case**\n\n20. Between September 2022 and March of 2023, the Defendant represented Hing Chi Ngok (\"Ms. Ngok\"), *i.e.*, the Debtor's alleged wife, and Greenwich Land (collectively, the\n\n*Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023], and (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. ACA Capital Group Ltd.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05249].\n\n\"Greenwich Parties\") in connection with the Chapter 11 Case. At all times during its engagement, the Defendant was aware of the Trustee's appointment.\n\n21. The Defendant's engagement included representing the Greenwich Parties in responding to Bankruptcy Rule 2004 subpoenas issued by the Trustee in his investigation of the Debtor's financial affairs, which focused on the Debtor's interests in Greenwich Land and its assets. During the Defendant's engagement, the Greenwich Parties maintained that Ms. Ngok owned Greenwich Land and, through it, the Debtor's Greenwich residence.\n\n22. The Bankruptcy Court has since determined that Ms. Ngok's interest in Greenwich Land was purely nominal and served to frustrate collection efforts with respect to the Debtor. *See Memo. of Decision and Order Granting Mot. for Summary Judgment* (Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005 Docket No. 133) at p. 59. The Court has further determined that: (a) Ms. Ngok lacked knowledge of and did not control Greenwich Land's management or its financial affairs, *id.* at ¶¶ 90-92, pp. 46-53; and (b) while Ms. Ngok served as its nominal owner, the Debtor utilized Greenwich Land to dissipate millions of dollars in assets, *id.* at ¶¶ 19-29, 36-42, 62-83, pp. 55-56.\n\n23. The Debtor's chapter 11 estate incurred substantial expense investigating the Debtor's fraud perpetrated through Greenwich Land and obtaining relief from the Bankruptcy Court to prevent further dissipation of assets and establish that Greenwich Land and its property were property of the estate.\n\n## **E. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n24. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including Greenwich Land, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n25. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n26. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **F. Stipulated Tolling Orders and Extension Orders**\n\n27. The Trustee and the Defendant have entered, and the Court has approved, a series of stipulated orders tolling any time limitations for the Trustee to commence this action, most recently through and including January 14, 2025 [Main Case Docket No. 3903].\n\n28. The Court has also entered orders extending any applicable time limitations set forth in sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including February 15, 2025 [Main Case Docket Nos. 2921, 3417].\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, Greenwich Land.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank.*]\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$121,251.87 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) providing for recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n[*Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank.*]\n\nDated: January 14, 2025 New Haven, Connecticut LUC A. DESPINS CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n*and*\n\nG. Alexander Bongartz (admitted *pro hac vice*) Douglass Barron (admitted *pro hac vice*) PAUL HASTINGS LLP 200 Park Avenue New York, New York 10166 (212) 318-6079 alexbongartz@paulhastings.com douglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n*and*\n\nNicholas A. Bassett (admitted *pro hac vice*) PAUL HASTINGS LLP 2050 M Street NW Washington, D.C., 20036 (202) 551-1902 nicholasbassett@paulhastings.com\n\n*Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n| ID # | Transferor | Date | Amount |\n|------------------------------------------------|--------------------|------------|--------------------|\n| 1 | Greenwich Land LLC | 9/13/2022 | \\$
(30,000.00) |\n| 2 | Greenwich Land LLC | 10/21/2022 | (12,521.50) |\n| 3 | Greenwich Land LLC | 12/5/2022 | (19,728.00) |\n| 4 | Greenwich Land LLC | 12/15/2022 | (23,891.10) |\n| 5 | Greenwich Land LLC | 1/18/2023 | (15,935.71) |\n| 6 | Greenwich Land LLC | 2/16/2023 | (19,175.56) |\n| Total - Payments to Updike Kelly & Spellacy PC | | | \\$
(121,251.87) |\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面表\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nUpdike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.（Updike, Kelly & Spellacy 专业公司）\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）、Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（Neubert, Pepe & Monteith 专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔\n诉因 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n✔\n□ 受托人\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条及第550条寻求撤销和追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（自主要诉因作为第1项、第一备选诉因作为第2项、第二备选诉因作为第3项等开始，最多编号五（5）个方框。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11—追回金钱/财产 - §542 交付财产\n□\n12—追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13—追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14—追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21—留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61—可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68—可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63—可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64—可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\n□\n65—可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31—批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71—禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72—禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41—对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益次位化\n□\n81—债权或权益次位化\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51—撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉判决\n□\n91—确认之诉判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66—可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62—可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67—可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01—对已移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS—SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02—其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n所请求的其他救济 请求金额 $\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所涉破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分庭办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分庭办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期\nJanuary 14, 2025 律师（或原告）印刷体姓名\nPatrick R. Linsey\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财团”，其包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能会有涉及债务人免责的诉讼。若该等诉讼在破产法院提起，即称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面表》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中采集表格1040上的信息。）完成后，封面表概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制关于法院活动的必要统计报告。\n\n封面表及其中所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面表大体可自行理解，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份已提交的起诉状均须向书记官另行提交一份封面表。\n\n原告和被告。请按照起诉状中所载的原告和被告名称准确填写。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面表必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格地区 布里奇波特分庭\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n：\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n（联合管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n原告，\n诉\nUPDIKE, KELLY & SPELLACY, P.C.（Updike, Kelly & Spellacy 专业公司），\n被告。\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n对抗程序编号 [ ]\n\nJanuary 14, 2025\n\nx\n第11章受托人依据《破产法典》第549条及第550条寻求撤销和追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，就其作为 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提交本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever Holdings 有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever Holdings 公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（Paul Hastings 律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅用于通知和通信目的）。\n\n对被告 Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.（“被告”）提起本对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第11章案件开始后作出的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人第11章破产财团财产转让。\n\n2. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其作为替身的空壳公司 Greenwich Land LLC（“Greenwich Land”），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了 \\$121,251.87 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等破产财团财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可依据《破产法典》第549条及第550条予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括 11 U.S.C. §§ 549 and 550。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告系一家康涅狄格州专业公司，地址为 225 Asylum Street, 20th Floor, Hartford, Connecticut 06103。\n事实\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022（“申请日”）在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格地区破产法院）（“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第11章提交了自愿救济申请，从而启动了上述标题所示第11章案件（“第11章案件”）。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并承担了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多作为替身的空壳公司（包括 Greenwich Land）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出一份裁判备忘录及命令 [主案件案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页 [主案件，案卷编号 78]。\n\n受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件的受托人 [主案件案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. Greenwich Land 是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多作为替身的空壳公司之一。事实上，破产法院已作出判决，认定 Greenwich Land 是债务人的替身，且其在申请日后拥有的财产属于第11章破产财团财产。（对抗程序编号 23-05005（“Greenwich Land 对抗程序”），案卷编号 134（“Greenwich Land 判决书”）。）受托人通过援引方式将受托人针对 Greenwich Land 提交的起诉状（Greenwich Land 对抗程序案卷编号 1）、Greenwich Land 判决书，以及破产法院作出的支持受托人简易判决申请的裁判备忘录及命令（Greenwich Land 对抗程序案卷编号 133）纳入本文。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人在第11章案件中提起了若干对抗程序，除其他事项外，以确立债务人的空壳公司系其替身，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在其中若干对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。3\n\n3 除 Greenwich Land 对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC [对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo [对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK Technologies 公司）, et al. [对抗程序编号 23- 05013]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC（Taurus Fund 有限责任公司）, et al. [对抗程序编号 23-05017]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（Golden Spring（New York）有限公司）[对抗程序 23-05018]；(vi) Luc A. Despins,\n\n15. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由债务人控制、由近亲属和/或下属持有的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体或在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n16. 债务人还将其化身实体，包括 Greenwich Land（格林尼治地产），用作个人钱袋，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金，同时将资产隐藏于该等化身实体中以躲避其债权人，并阻碍及拖延债权人就其债权获得清偿。债务人通过该等化身实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。在申请日之前的任何时候，该等化身实体（包括 Greenwich Land）的财产均为债务人的财产。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳游戏及欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其化身实体持有的所有财产，包括 Greenwich Land，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法典》项下的义务，继续通过众多作为其化身的空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 Greenwich Land。\n\n19. 这些申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法典》授权。\n\nD. 被告参与第11章案件\n\n20. 在 2022年9月与 2023年3月之间，被告代表 Hing Chi Ngok（Ngok 女士），即债务人据称的妻子，以及 Greenwich Land（以下统称“Greenwich 各方”），处理与第11章案件有关的事宜。在受聘期间的任何时候，被告均知悉受托人的任命。\n\n第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序 23-05023]，以及 (vii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd.（ACA 资本集团有限公司）等 [对抗程序 24-05249]。\n\n21. 被告的受聘范围包括代表 Greenwich 各方就受托人在调查债务人财务状况时发出的《破产规则》2004 传票作出回应；该调查聚焦于债务人在 Greenwich Land 及其资产中的权益。在被告受聘期间，Greenwich 各方主张 Ngok 女士拥有 Greenwich Land，并通过该实体拥有债务人的格林尼治住所。\n\n22. 破产法院此后认定，Ngok 女士在 Greenwich Land 中的权益纯属名义权益，其作用是阻挠针对债务人的追偿工作。见《准予简易判决动议的决定备忘录及命令》(对抗程序编号 23-05005，案卷编号 133) 第 59 页。法院还认定：(a) Ngok 女士不了解且未控制 Greenwich Land 的管理或财务事务，同上，¶¶ 90-92，第 46-53 页；以及 (b) 虽然 Ngok 女士担任其名义所有人，债务人利用 Greenwich Land 耗散数百万美元资产，同上，¶¶ 19-29、36-42、62-83，第 55-56 页。\n\n23. 债务人的第11章破产财产因调查债务人通过 Greenwich Land 实施的欺诈，并从破产法院获得救济以防止资产进一步耗散及确认 Greenwich Land 及其财产属于破产财产，而产生了大量费用。\n\nE. 向被告作出的转让\n\n24. 申请日后，债务人通过包括 Greenwich Land 在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产的财产（以下统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A。\n\n25. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n26. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\nF. 经约定的时效中止命令及延期命令\n\n27. 受托人与被告已订立、且法院已批准一系列经约定的命令，中止受托人提起本诉讼的任何期间限制，最近一次中止至并包括 January 14, 2025 [主案案卷编号 3903]。\n\n28. 法院还已作出命令，将《破产法典》第 108、546 及 549 条规定的任何适用期间限制延长至并包括 February 15, 2025，以供受托人提起撤销诉讼 [主案案卷编号 2921、3417]。\n\n第一项请求\n（根据《破产法典》第 549 及 550(a) 条请求撤销及追回未经授权的申请后转让）\n\n29. 受托人重述并再次主张第 1 至 28 段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n30. 债务人向被告作出了该等转让，包括通过其作为化身的空壳公司 Greenwich Land 作出转让。\n\n31. 该等转让发生于申请日后。\n\n32. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n33. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产财产的未经授权转让。\n\n34. 根据《破产法典》第 549(a) 条，该等转让可被撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法典》第 550(a) 条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，连同截至付款日的利息及本诉讼费用。\n\n[本页其余部分故意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令，(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$121,251.87 的该等转让根据《破产法典》第 549 条予以撤销；(b) 命令撤销该等转让；及 (c) 规定根据《破产法典》第 550(a)(1) 条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 裁定受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率获得判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在该等情况下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页其余部分故意留白。]\n\n日期：January 14, 2025 New Haven, Connecticut（康涅狄格州纽黑文） LUC A. DESPINS 第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n\nDouglas S. Skalka（ct00616）\n\nPatrick R. Linsey（ct29437）\n\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\n\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n\n(203) 781-2847\n\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\n\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n及\n\nG. Alexander Bongartz（获准 pro hac vice 出庭）\n\nDouglass Barron（获准 pro hac vice 出庭）\n\nPAUL HASTINGS LLP\n\n200 Park Avenue\n\nNew York, New York 10166\n\n(212) 318-6079\n\nalexbongartz@paulhastings.com\n\ndouglassbarron@paulhastings.com\n\n及\n\nNicholas A. Bassett（获准 pro hac vice 出庭）\n\nPAUL HASTINGS LLP\n\n2050 M Street NW\n\nWashington, D.C., 20036\n\n(202) 551-1902\n\nnicholasbassett@paulhastings.com\n\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n编号 转让人 日期 金额\n\n1 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司） 9/13/2022 \\$\n(30,000.00)\n\n2 Greenwich Land LLC 10/21/2022 (12,521.50)\n\n3 Greenwich Land LLC 12/5/2022 (19,728.00)\n\n4 Greenwich Land LLC 12/15/2022 (23,891.10)\n\n5 Greenwich Land LLC 1/18/2023 (15,935.71)\n\n6 Greenwich Land LLC 2/16/2023 (19,175.56)\n\n合计——支付给 Updike Kelly & Spellacy PC（厄普代克·凯利及斯佩拉西专业公司）的款项 \\$\n(121,251.87)\n\n附表 A","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Paul Hastings","Miles Guo","HCHK","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3153,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:46:20"}