{"id":"court_ctb_4059_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4059,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Bairesdev LLC | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔
CAUSE OF ACTION | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
✔
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED) | | | |\n| Complaint of Chapter 11 Trustee Seeking Avoidance and Recovery of Postpetition Transfer and Related Relief Pursuant
to Bankruptcy Code Sections 549 and 550 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
:
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | : | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. __________ |\n| BAIRESDEV LLC, | | :
:
: | |\n| Defendant. | | :
: | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | :
x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant BAIRESDEV LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, HCHK Technologies Inc. (\"HCHK Technologies\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$993,725.35 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n2\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a California limited liability company with an office and place of business at 1999 S. Bascom Avenue, Suite 700, Campbell, California 95008 and at 50 California Street, San Francisco, California 94111.\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n#### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including HCHK Technologies.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\ntrustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. HCHK Technologies is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Court has entered judgment to the effect that HCHK Technologies is the Debtor's alter ego and that its property, prior to the Petition Date, was property of the Debtor.\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (vii) *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311],.\n\n(Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 296 (the \"HCHK Technologies Judgment\"). The HCHK Technologies Judgment is final and no longer subject to appeal. The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (HCHK Entities A.P., Docket No. 1) and the HCHK Technologies Judgment.\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including HCHK Technologies, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, HCHK Technologies.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n#### **E. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company HCHK Technologies, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company HCHK Technologies.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n#### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$993,725.35 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|------------|----------------|\n| 1 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 3/18/2022 | \\$ (31,936.00) |\n| 2 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 5/18/2022 | (125,667.00) |\n| 3 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 5/25/2022 | (126,778.00) |\n| 4 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 6/28/2022 | (153,685.00) |\n| 5 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 8/3/2022 | (156,258.00) |\n| 6 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 10/4/2022 | (313,101.35) |\n| 7 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 10/18/2022 | (86,300.00) |\n| Total - Payments to Bairesdev LLC
\\$ (993,725.35) | | | |","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（说明见背面） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nBairesdev LLC（拜雷斯德夫有限责任公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔\n诉因 □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n✔\n（请简要说明诉因，包括所涉及的所有美国法规）\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转移及相关救济的诉状\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1、第一备选诉因为2、第二备选诉因为3，依此类推）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产追回\n□\n11-金钱/财产追回 - §542 财产交付\n□\n12-金钱/财产追回 - §547 偏颇性清偿\n□\n13-金钱/财产追回 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14-金钱/财产追回 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意伤害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及实体性州法争议，请勾选 □ 如本案主张为根据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如诉状请求陪审团审判，请勾选\n\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 \\$\n\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格） 分部办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2025 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nDouglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n破产案件的提交，会在破产法院管辖下形成一项“破产财产”，该财产包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院的管辖权极其宽泛，可能会发生涉及破产财产或其财产权利的诉讼。也可能会发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交程序中会采集表格1040所载信息。）填写完毕后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不取代或补充法律、《破产规则》或地方法院规则所要求提交和送达的诉答书或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每一份已提交的诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确列明原告和被告名称，须与诉状中的名称完全一致。\n\n律师。如已知，请列明律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院布里奇波特分部）\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK，\n等， ： 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n： 对抗程序编号 __________\nBAIRESDEV LLC， ：\n\n被告。 ：\n\nx\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转移及相关救济的诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins（吕克·A·德斯平斯）以其在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（下称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（下称“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（下称“受托人”）身份，对被告 BAIRESDEV LLC（下称“被告”）提起本对抗诉状（下称“诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（捷尼弗控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation（捷尼弗控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转交 Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财产的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第11章案件开始后发生、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（下称“《破产法典》”）授权的债务人第11章破产财产转移。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另一自我空壳公司 HCHK Technologies Inc.（HCHK科技公司）（下称“HCHK Technologies”），在申请提交日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转移合计 \\$993,725.35 的资金。\n\n3. 因该等申请提交后破产财产转移未经法院或《破产法典》授权，其可根据《破产法典》第549条和第550条予以撤销并追回。\n\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本法院根据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送本法院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第549条和第550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第11章案件中的第11章受托人，依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令获任命 [案件编号 22-50073（下称“主案”）卷宗编号 523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家加利福尼亚州有限责任公司，其办公地点和营业场所位于 1999 S. Bascom Avenue, Suite 700, Campbell, California 95008，以及 50 California Street, San Francisco, California 94111。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院）（下称“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第11章自愿提交救济申请（下称“申请提交日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并承担数亿美元的负债。2 债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多另一自我空壳公司（包括 HCHK Technologies）持有和/或转移的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出一份裁决备忘录及命令 [主案卷宗编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第11章案件中的受托人 [主案卷宗编号 523]。\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页 [主案卷宗编号 78]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. HCHK Technologies 是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另一自我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、副手和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元的现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起若干对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司为其另一自我和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上由债务人所有在内的目的；破产法院已在若干该等对抗程序中准予该等救济。3\n\n15. 法院已作出判决，认定 HCHK Technologies 是债务人的另一自我，且其在申请提交日前的财产属于债务人的财产。\n\n3 除综合对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘斯），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭美）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉（纽约）有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯塔资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(vii) Despins 诉 ACA Capital Group Ltd（ACA资本集团有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]；(viii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA全球创投有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（Bouillor控股有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]，。\n\n(Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），Docket No. 296（“HCHK Technologies Judgment”））。HCHK Technologies Judgment 已为终局判决，不再可上诉。受托人援引并将其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉状（HCHK Entities A.P., Docket No. 1）及 HCHK Technologies Judgment 纳入本文。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 以来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购置的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳游戏及欺诈行为在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的全部财产，包括 HCHK Technologies（HCHK科技），均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视 Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）及其根据 Bankruptcy Code（破产法典）承担的义务，继续通过包括但不限于 HCHK Technologies 在内的众多替身空壳公司实施转让。\n\n19. 该等申请破产后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未根据破产法典获得授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（“Tolling Order”），其中法院依据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将破产法典第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括 2024年8月15日。\n\n21. 在 Tolling Order 中，法院认定，自申请日起，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单及财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并以其他方式未与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为破产法典项下债务人的义务。(Tolling Order at p. 14.)。\n\n22. 债务人的家庭成员以及与其关联的其他个人和实体同样妨碍了受托人的调查，如法院作出“至少八项裁定，认定……债务人、其女儿、[Mei] Guo，以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”所证明。(Id. at p. 15.)。法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵守本法院命令的情况，是异常的”(id.)，并且，面对该等妨碍，受托人的调查“一直是充分合理勤勉的”(id. at p. 17)。自 2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280项对抗程序。(See Main Docket, generally)。\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（“Second Tolling Order”），进一步将破产法典第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至 2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍及受托人开展该项调查时的勤勉（Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3）。\n\n24. 受托人已勤勉地调查并追诉本起诉状中主张的请求权。\n\n25. 鉴于受托人在进行其勤勉调查时所面临的异常妨碍等因素，衡平利益的权衡强烈支持对适用于本文所主张请求权的任何时效期间实行衡平中止。\n\nE. 向被告的转让\n\n26. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司 HCHK Technologies 或以其他方式，向 Defendant（被告）转让了破产财产（统称“Transfers”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见附于本文并构成本文一部分的附件A。\n\n27. 在转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n28. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n\n（根据破产法典第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转让）\n\n29. 受托人重复主张并再次陈述第1至28段所载指称，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n30. 该等转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其替身空壳公司 HCHK Technologies 作出。\n\n31. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n32. 该等转让未经破产法院或破产法典授权。\n\n33. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产未经授权的转让。\n\n34. 该等转让可根据破产法典第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n35. 根据破产法典第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并取得截至付款之日的利息及本诉讼的费用。\n\n[本页剩余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于前述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 一项命令，(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$993,725.35 的该等转让根据破产法典第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据破产法典第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，从被告处追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：2025年2月12日 New Haven, CT（康涅狄格州纽黑文）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n签字人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附件A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 HCHK Technologies Inc 3/18/2022 \\$ (31,936.00)\n2 HCHK Technologies Inc 5/18/2022 (125,667.00)\n3 HCHK Technologies Inc 5/25/2022 (126,778.00)\n4 HCHK Technologies Inc 6/28/2022 (153,685.00)\n5 HCHK Technologies Inc 8/3/2022 (156,258.00)\n6 HCHK Technologies Inc 10/4/2022 (313,101.35)\n7 HCHK Technologies Inc 10/18/2022 (86,300.00)\n合计－向 Bairesdev LLC 的付款\n\\$ (993,725.35)","key_entities":["HCHK","Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3157,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:49:56"}