{"id":"court_ctb_4066_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4066,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2025-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Melbourne ROLF Incorporated | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
✔
□ Trustee | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION
TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
x |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| :
:
Chapter 11 |\n| :
:
Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| :
Debtors.
:
(Jointly Administered)
: |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
x
:
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
:
:
:
Adv. Proceeding No. [ ]_________
Plaintiff,
:
:
: |\n| :
February 12, 2025
MELBOURNE ROLF INCORPORATED
: |\n| :
:
:
-----------------------------------------------------------
x |\n| |\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Melbourne ROLF Incorporated (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc. (\"Rule of Law\") and Rule of Law Society IV, Inc. (\"Rule of Law Society\" and, jointly with Rule of Law, the \"Relevant Alter Egos\") transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$150,000.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n2\n\n8. The Defendant is a an Australian entity with office located at 48 Piccadilly Crescent, Keysborough, VIC 3173 Australia. ,\n\n### **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n13. The Relevant Alter Egos is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect to the\n\nRelevant Alter Egos in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-\n\n05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his\n\nComplaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited,* et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05322]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311].\n\nother Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n#### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including the Relevant Alter Egos, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n### **E. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through the Relevant Alter Egos, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\n6\n\nSee **SCHEDULE** A attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of\n\nthe Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n#### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover\n\nthe Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n# *[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]* **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$150,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 4066 Filed 02/12/25 Entered 02/12/25 17:10:58 Page 11 of 11\n\n## **SCHEDULE A**\n\nFILED UNDER SEAL","body_zh":"B1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人 被告\nMelbourne ROLF Incorporated（墨尔本 ROLF 公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址和电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩与蒙泰思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n✔\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉及的所有美国法令）\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条请求撤销及追回申请后转移并请求相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多对五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因为 1，第一个备选诉因为 2，第二个备选诉因为 3，依此类推。）\n联邦破产程序规则（FRBP）7001(1)——追回金钱/财产\n□\n11——追回金钱/财产——§542 财产返还\n□\n12——追回金钱/财产——§547 优先受偿\n□\n13——追回金钱/财产——§548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14——追回金钱/财产——其他\nFRBP 7001(2)——留置权的效力、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21——留置权或其他财产权益的效力、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6)——可免责性（续）\n□\n61——可免责性——§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68——可免责性——§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63——可免责性——§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64——可免责性——§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\n□\n65——可免责性——其他\nFRBP 7001(3)——批准出售财产\n□\n31——批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产——§363(h) FRBP 7001(7)——禁令救济\n□\n71——禁令救济——施加中止\n□\n72——禁令救济——其他\nFRBP 7001(4)——异议/撤销免责\n□\n41——异议/撤销免责——§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益的劣后\n□\n81——债权或权益的劣后\nFRBP 7001(5)——撤销确认\n□\n51——撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉\n□\n91——确认之诉\nFRBP 7001(6)——可免责性\n□\n66——可免责性——§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62——可免责性——§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67——可免责性——§523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01——对移送的请求或诉因作出裁定\n其他\n□\nSS——SIPA 案件——15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02——其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为 FRCP 23 下的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（FORM 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所涉破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件待决地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分院办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2025 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nDouglas S. Skalka\n说明\n\n提交破产案件会在破产法院管辖下设立一项“破产财团”，其中包括债务人的所有财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能会发生有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，即称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填写完成后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制有关法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不取代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请完全按照起诉状中的记载填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由在案律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该所成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格州地区 布里奇波特分院\n\nx\n\n第 11 章\n:\n:\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n:\n债务人。\n:\n（联合管理）\n\nx\n:\nLUC A. DESPINS，第 11 章\n:\n:\n:\n对抗程序编号 [ ]_________\n原告，\n\nFebruary 12, 2025\nMELBOURNE ROLF INCORPORATED\n\nx\n\n第 11 章受托人依据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条请求撤销及追回申请后转移并请求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其作为在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，针对被告 Melbourne ROLF Incorporated（“被告”）提交本对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅用于通知和通信目的）。\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始后、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权而进行的债务人第 11 章破产财团财产转移。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司 Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc.（“Rule of Law”）和 Rule of Law Society IV, Inc.（“Rule of Law Society”，并与 Rule of Law 统称为“相关另我实体”），在申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转移了合计 \\$150,000.00 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等申请后破产财团财产转移未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可依据《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权及审判地\n\n4. 本院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移送至本院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 549 条及第 550 条。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人根据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令 [案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）卷宗编号 523]，担任第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人。\n8. 被告是一家澳大利亚实体，其办公地址位于 48 Piccadilly Crescent, Keysborough, VIC 3173 Australia。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院）（“破产法院”）根据《破产法典》第 11 章提交了自愿救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露由其众多另我空壳公司（包括相关另我实体）持有和/或转移的债务人财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令 [主案件卷宗编号 465]，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为受托人。于 July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件中的受托人 [主案件卷宗编号 523]。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第 1 页 [主案件卷宗编号 78]。\n\n13. 相关另我实体是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以除其他事项外确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我实体，和/或确认该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在若干此类对抗程序中，破产法院已授予该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al. [对抗程序编号 24-05249]（“综合对抗程序”）中，就相关另我实体寻求相同或实质上类似的救济。受托人援引并将其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，卷宗编号 1）并入本文。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 以现金购买的资产\n\n3 除综合对抗程序（Omnibus A.P.）外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments（美国）有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序编号 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序编号 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[对抗程序编号 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等 [对抗程序编号 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序编号 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金之泉〔纽约〕有限公司）[对抗程序 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等 [对抗程序 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA环球创投有限公司）等 [对抗程序 24-05322]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人，诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（Bouillor控股有限公司）等 [对抗程序编号 24-5311]。\n\n其他由债务人控制的实体，和/或无偿转移至空壳实体以及在空壳实体之间转移，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳骗局及欺诈行为在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的所有财产，包括相关替身实体，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》项下的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司实施转移，包括但不限于相关替身实体。\n\n19. 该等申请破产后转移均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《关于部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[主案卷宗编号 2921]（“时效中止命令”）；法院在该命令中依据《破产程序规则》9006(b)，将《破产法》第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括2024年8月15日。\n\n21. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况陈述，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且在其他方面未与受托人合作，所有这些均公然无视其作为《破产法》项下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令第14页。）\n\n22. 与债务人有关联的家庭成员及其他个人和实体同样妨碍了受托人的调查，如法院作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿 Mei Guo（郭美）以及据称受……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而藐视法庭”所示。（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些共同管理的第11章案件中不遵守本法院命令的行为，是非同寻常的”（同上），并认定，面对该等阻挠，受托人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”。（同上，第17页。）自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280宗对抗程序。（一般见主案卷。）\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《关于准许延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限的第二次动议的命令》[主案卷宗编号 3417]（“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将《破产法》第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查工作持续面临的障碍及受托人进行该等调查时所尽的勤勉。（第二次时效中止命令第2-3页。）\n\n24. 受托人已勤勉地调查并追究本起诉状所主张的请求。\n\n25. 鉴于受托人在进行勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻挠等因素，衡平因素的权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求的任何诉讼时效进行衡平中止。\n\nE. 向被告的转移\n\n26. 在申请日之后，债务人通过相关替身实体或以其他方式向被告转移了破产财产（统称“转移”），包括但不限于如下转移：\n见随附并构成本文件组成部分的附表A。\n\n27. 在该等转移发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n28. 被告是该等转移的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（依据《破产法》第549条和第550(a)条撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转移之请求）\n\n29. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至28段所载指控，如同在此完整列明。\n\n30. 该等转移由债务人向被告作出，包括通过相关替身实体作出的转移。\n\n31. 该等转移发生于申请日之后。\n\n32. 该等转移未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n33. 该等转移构成对债务人第11章破产财产的未经授权转移。\n\n34. 该等转移可依据《破产法》第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转移或其价值，并获得其利息直至付款日及本案诉讼费用。\n\n【本页其余部分特意留白。】\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$150,000.00 的该等转移依据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转移；以及 (c) 依据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，由被告向受托人返还该等转移，或由受托人选择返还其价值；\n\n2. 向受托人裁定自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 12, 2025\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人律师\n\n案件 22-50073 文书 4066 于 02/12/25 提交 于 02/12/25 17:10:58 登记 第 11 页，共 11 页\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Guo","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3007,"status":"published","published_at":"2025-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2025-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:41:02"}