{"id":"court_ctb_4069_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4069,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
JS Morlu, LLC | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
✔ | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION
TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | □
□
□
□
□ | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □ | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. _[ ]_________ |\n| JS MORLU, LLC | : | |\n| Defendant.
----------------------------------------------------------- | :
:
:
: | |\n| | x | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant JS Morlu, LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell companies, Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc. (\"Rule of Law\") and Rule of Law Society IV, Inc. (\"Rule of Law Society\" and, jointly with Rule of Law, the \"Relevant Alter Egos\") transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$149,350.00 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **THE PARTIES**\n\n2\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Virginia limited liability company with an office and place of business at 2200 Opitz Blvd, Suite 200, Woodbridge, Virginia 22191.\n\n#### **FACTS**\n\n# **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or the Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A.\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDespins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n#### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. The Relevant Alter Egos are among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect to the Relevant Alter Egos in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited,* et al. [Adv. Proc. 24-05322]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311].\n\n\"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n# **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including the Relevant Alter Egos, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs,\n\nfailed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n6\n\n# **E. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through the Relevant Alter Egos, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE** A attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\n# Code.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$149,350.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|----------------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------|----------------|\n| 1 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 1/16/2024 | \\$(8,175.00) |\n| 2 | Rule of Law Society IV Inc | 1/16/2024 | (8,175.00) |\n| 3 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 3/19/2024 | (60,000.00) |\n| 4 | Rule of Law Society IV Inc | 3/19/2024 | (60,000.00) |\n| 5 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 4/29/2024 | (6,500.00) |\n| 6 | Rule of Law Society IV Inc | 4/29/2024 | (6,500.00) |\n| Total - Payments to JS Morlu LLC | | | \\$(149,350.00) |\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A. 德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nJS Morlu, LLC（JS Morlu有限责任公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S. 斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R. 林西）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂斯律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n✔\n\n诉因\n（简要说明诉因，包括所涉全部美国法令）\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549和550条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\n诉讼性质\n（最多编号五（5）个方框，以主要诉因为1，第一备选诉因为2，第二备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\n\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 □\n□\n□\n□\n□ FRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性（续）\n61-可解除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n68-可解除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n63-可解除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n64-可解除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n65-可解除性 - 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人的财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 施加中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\n\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务\n□\n41-对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益从属\n□\n81-债权或权益从属\n\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □ FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n91-确认判决\n\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性\n□\n66-可解除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-可解除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可解除性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续于下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\n\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分院办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A. 曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2025 律师（或原告）姓名正楷\nDouglas S. Skalka\n\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财产”，其中包括债务人位于任何地点的全部财产。由于破产财产范围极广，且法院管辖权广泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生有关债务人解除债务的诉讼。此类诉讼如在破产法院提起，即称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提起对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交程序中采集表格1040所载信息。）填写完成后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记官需要这些信息以处理对抗程序，并编制法院活动所需的统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交及送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大体上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记官单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请按起诉状中的准确名称填写原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，必须由该律师事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\n美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n： 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n：\n： （联合管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A. 德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 x\n\n原告，\n：\n：\n：\n： 对抗程序编号 _[ ]_________\nJS MORLU, LLC（JS MORLU有限责任公司） ：\n被告。\n\nx\n\n第11章受托人根据《破产法典》第549和550条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转让以及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins以获任命担任Ho Wan Kwok（以下简称“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（以下简称“第11章案件”）第11章受托人（以下简称“受托人”）的身份，提交本\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（又名Guo Wengui、Miles Guo和Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号后四位：8202）和Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为：Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财产受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对抗起诉状（以下简称“起诉状”），起诉被告JS Morlu, LLC（以下简称“被告”），陈述如下：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回本第11章案件开始后发生的、未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（以下简称“破产法典”）授权的债务人第11章破产财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc.（“Rule of Law”）和Rule of Law Society IV, Inc.（“Rule of Law Society”，并与Rule of Law合称“相关另我实体”），于申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计$149,350.00的资金。\n\n3. 由于这些申请提交后破产财产转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故可依据《破产法典》第549和550条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权及审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本案所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第549和550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系根据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令，在第11章案件中担任第11章受托人[案件编号22-50073（以下简称“主案”）案卷编号523]。\n\n8. 被告是一家Virginia（弗吉尼亚州）有限责任公司，其办公及营业地点位于2200 Opitz Blvd, Suite 200, Woodbridge, Virginia 22191。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022向United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格联邦破产法院）（以下简称“本法院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交依据《破产法典》第11章请求救济的申请（以下简称“申请日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有$3,850的资产，并承担数亿美元的负债。2 债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括相关另我实体）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，破产法院作出决定备忘录及命令[主案案卷编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A.\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页[主案案卷编号78]。\n\nDespins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins担任第11章案件的受托人[主案案卷编号523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. 相关另我实体属于债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。这场空壳游戏使债务人得以使用、花费和/或转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产——同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自受任以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起多项对抗程序，除其他事项外，以确立债务人的空壳公司系其另我实体和/或此类公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；在若干此类对抗程序中，破产法院已经准予该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（该案）中，就相关另我实体寻求相同或实质上类似的救济。\n\n3 除总括对抗程序外，受托人正在寻求或已获得此类救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯潘），第11章受托人诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments（USA）有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林威治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Mei Guo（郭美）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Lamp Capital LLC（灯资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA全球创投有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 24-05322]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins，第11章受托人诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（Bouillor控股有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]。\n\n（以下简称“总括对抗程序”）。受托人援引并将其在总括对抗程序中提交的起诉书纳入本文（Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1）。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中获益并对其享有控制和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳操作及欺诈在申请破产后持续进行\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的所有财产，包括相关替身实体，均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法》承担的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于相关替身实体。\n\n19. 这些申请破产后的转让均未获破产法院授权，亦未根据《破产法》获得授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《关于部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（以下简称“时效中止命令”），其中法院依据《破产程序规则》9006(b)，将受托人根据《破产法》第108、546及549条提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2024年8月15日（含当日）。\n\n21. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他行为外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，\n\n未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且在其他方面未能与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》项下债务人的义务。（Tolling Order at p. 14.）\n\n22. 债务人的家庭成员以及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿[Mei] Guo（郭美），以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未交出资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”即为证明。（Id. at p. 15.）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵守本法院命令的情形，实属非同寻常”（id.），并认定，面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“远超过合理勤勉的程度”。（id. at p. 17）自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280宗对抗程序。（见 Main Docket，通常。）\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《关于准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（以下简称“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将受托人根据《破产法》第108、546及549条提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人开展该调查的勤勉程度（Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3）。\n\n24. 受托人在调查及追究本起诉书所主张的请求权时一直勤勉行事。\n\n25. 鉴于包括受托人在开展其勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻碍在内的诸多因素，衡平利益的权衡强烈支持对适用于本文所主张请求权的任何时效期限进行衡平中止。\n\nE. 向被告作出的转让\n\n26. 在申请日后，债务人通过相关替身实体或以其他方式向被告转让了破产财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n27. 在该等转让时，债务人对其破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n28. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n（根据《破产法》第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转让）\n\n29. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至28段所载的指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n30. 债务人，包括通过相关替身实体，向被告作出了该等转让。\n\n31. 该等转让发生于申请日后。\n\n32. 该等转让未获破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n33. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产未经授权的转让。\n\n34. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该等转让可以撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让，或其价值，并加计自转让之日起至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分特意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 \\$149,350.00 的该等转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提交本起诉书之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或合乎衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 12, 2025\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n签字：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（NEUBERT、PEPE & MONTEITH专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的代理律师\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（法治基金会III公司） 1/16/2024 \\$(8,175.00)\n2 Rule of Law Society IV Inc（法治协会IV公司） 1/16/2024 (8,175.00)\n3 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 3/19/2024 (60,000.00)\n4 Rule of Law Society IV Inc 3/19/2024 (60,000.00)\n5 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 4/29/2024 (6,500.00)\n6 Rule of Law Society IV Inc 4/29/2024 (6,500.00)\n合计－向 JS Morlu LLC（JS Morlu有限责任公司）支付的款项 \\$(149,350.00)\n\n附件A","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3163,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:57:37"}