{"id":"court_ctb_4070_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4070,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":"2025-02-12","title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Cesare Attolini NY LLC, | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
✔ | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS
AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544,
548, 549 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273(a) AND 276 | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
✔
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
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✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
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21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
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61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
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68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
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63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
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64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
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65-Dischargeability - other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
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31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
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71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
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72-Injunctive relief – other | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
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41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
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81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
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51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
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91-Declaratory judgment | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
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66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
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62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
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67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
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01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
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SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law
✔ | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
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x |\n| |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS AND POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 544, 548, 549 AND 550 AND NEW YORK DEBTOR & CREDITOR LAW SECTIONS 273(a) AND 276**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\namended adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Cesare Attolini NY LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's estate perpetrated by the Debtor after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, GFNY INC. (\"GFNY\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$82,189.73 prior to the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. These transfers were actually fraudulent, because the Debtor effectuated them as part of his \"shell game,\" and they were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n4. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, GFNY, transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$118,673.75 to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n5. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n6. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n2\n\n7. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n8. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 544, 548, 549, and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code and New York Debtor & Creditor Law sections 273(a), and 276 2 or any other applicable state law equivalents.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n9. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n10. The Defendant is a New York limited liability company with an address at 798 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10065.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n11. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the above-captioned chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\").\n\n12. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n13. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of\n\n2 All statutory references to New York Debtor and Creditor Law will hereinafter be referred to as \"N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law\".\n\nliabilities.3 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including GFNY.\n\n14. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n15. GFNY is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members and subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use, spend, and transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n16. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.4\n\n3 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 (Main Case, Docket No. 78).\n\n4 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Lamp Capital A.P. and the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23- 05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311], (viii) *Luc A.*\n\n17. The Trustee is pursuing this relief with respect to GFNY in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n18. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n### **C. Debtor's Conduct to Hinder, Delay, and/or Defraud Creditors**\n\n19. In addition to the matters addressed in the Trustee's adversary proceedings, the Bankruptcy Court has found that the Debtor was the beneficial owner of Ace Decade Limited (and through it, Dawn State Limited) and that the Debtor controlled and employed Ace Decade Limited's nominee shareholder, Yvette Wang.5\n\n20. The Bankruptcy Court has also found that the \"G Entities\" (Gettr, G Fashion, G Music, GClubs, GNews and GEdu), the New Federal State of China and the Rule of Law Foundation, as well as other purportedly independent entities and organizations, were controlled\n\n*Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322];and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023.\n\n5 Order Granting Motion to Hold Debtor in Contempt of Corporate Governance Order, ¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\").\n\nby the Debtor,6 led by the Debtor7 and/or served \"the purposes of… and as business vehicles of\" the Debtor.8\n\n21. Prior to the Petition Date, Judge Liman of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Eastern Profit Corporation Limited, an entity originally owned by one of the Debtor's chefs before its transfer to Debtor's daughter, was \"in essence, a shell corporation\" for the Debtor.9\n\n22. The Debtor has gone to great lengths to hinder and delay the collection efforts of one of his largest creditors, *i.e.*, Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P. (\"PAX\"). In 2017, PAX sued the Debtor in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the \"New York Court\"), Index No. 652077/2017 (the \"PAX Case\"), seeking judgment for monies owed. On February 3, 2021, PAX obtained a judgment from the New York Court against the Debtor in the sum of \\$116,402,019.57 (the \"PAX Judgment\"). PAX sought to enforce the PAX Judgment by levying the Debtor's assets—including the Lady May, which the Debtor falsely claimed was owned by his daughter, and the Debtor's luxury apartment in Manhattan, which the Debtor falsely claimed was held in trust for the Debtor's son. The Debtor's defiance of New York Court orders in postjudgment proceedings eventually resulted in the Debtor incurring contempt penalties of \\$134 million.\n\n6 *Corrected Memorandum of Decision Granting in Part Motion for Preliminary Injunction*, ¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\").\n\n7 *Id*. at ¶ 7 (\"The Debtor is the leader of The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF and Himalaya.\").\n\n8 *Id*. (\"The Whistleblower Movement, NFSC, ROLF, GSeries, and Himalaya serve the purposes of the Debtor, serve as business vehicles for the Debtor, and their members are personally loyal to the Debtor.\").\n\n9 *Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC*, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at \\*1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n23. The Debtor also used his alter egos, including GFNY, as personal piggy-banks, funding the lavish lifestyle to which he and his family had become accustomed, while concealing assets in these alter egos from his creditors and hindering and delaying creditors from recoveries on their claims. The transfers that the Debtor effectuated through these alter egos perpetuated the Debtor's fraudulent scheme.\n\n24. The Debtor has testified before the Bankruptcy Court that he has insufficient assets to pay his liabilities and that his luxurious lifestyle is funded by his family through businesses nominally held by family members.10 The Debtor scheduled only \\$3,850 in assets.11\n\n25. In March 2023, the Debtor was arrested by federal authorities and held without bail. On July 16, 2024, following a trial in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, the Debtor was convicted of nine felony counts, *i.e.*, racketeering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to commit securities fraud, wire fraud in connection with the Farm Loan Program, securities fraud in connection with the Farm Loan program, wire fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, securities fraud in connection with G|CLUBS, and wire fraud in connection with the Himalaya Exchange.\n\n26. In its criminal indictment of the Debtor, the United States Government asserted that the Debtor and his co-defendants \"utilized more than approximately 500 accounts held in the\n\n10 Hearing on Debtor's Motion for Entry of Interim and Final DIP Orders (I) Authorizing the Debtor to Obtain Unsecured, Subordinated Postpetition Financing and (II) Scheduling Interim and Final Hearings, and (III) Granting Related Relief (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n11 *See* n.3.\n\nnames of *at least 80 different entities or individuals* to launder more than \\$1 billion in fraud proceeds.\"12\n\n27. The property of the Debtor's alter egos, including GFNY, was at all times prior to the Petition Date property of the Debtor.\n\n28. At all times relevant herein, the Debtor conducted business in New York, New York, including direction of the Transfers (as defined herein).\n\n### **D. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n29. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Hamilton, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1). Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alterego shell companies, including, without limitation, GFNY.\n\n30. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **E. Transfers Made with Intent to Hinder, Delay, or Defraud Creditors**\n\n31. The Transfers (as defined herein) at issue in this Complaint were made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors inasmuch as they were made through the Debtor's alter-ego shell companies operated as a part of the Debtor's shell game.\n\n32. The Debtor intentionally orchestrated his financial affairs in this manner in order to conceal and dissipate millions of dollars in assets while falsely pleading poverty to his many\n\n12 *See* Memorandum of Law of the United States of America in Opposition to Defendant Yanping Wang's Motion for Pretrial Release at 29, attached as Exhibit B in the Reply of Chapter 11 Trustee to G Club Operations LLC's Supplemental Objection to Trustee's Motion to Compel and Request for Related Relief (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934).\n\ncreditors. The Debtor claimed to be destitute while simultaneously spending heavily to maintain a billionaire lifestyle for himself and for his family members and close associates.\n\n33. The assets concealed and dissipated by the Debtor included funds that he obtained from the victims of his cryptocurrency, securities, and other fraud schemes. As a result of this conduct, the Debtor has been convicted of multiple felony fraud, money laundering, and racketeering charges in a criminal case pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. *See United States v. Ho Wan Kwok*, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. The Debtor knew and intended that by concealing and dissipating his assets in this manner there would not be sufficient assets remaining to repay his creditors—including the many victims of his frauds. These transfers were thus necessarily made with the intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud the Debtor's creditors.\n\n### **F. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n35. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n36. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n37. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n38. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n39. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n40. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n### **G. Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n41. Prior to the Petition Date, the Debtor, using his alter ego shell companies, GFNY, or otherwise, transferred the Debtor's property to the Defendant (the \"Prepetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof\n\n42. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through shell companies including GFNY, or otherwise, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (the \"Postpetition Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE B** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n43. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers and the Postpetition Transfers (collectively,\n\nthe \"Transfers\"), the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n44. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n### **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers Pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 548(a)(1)(A) and 550(a))**\n\n45. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-44 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n46. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor through his alter ego, GFNY, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n47. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the Prepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using alter-ego shell companies;\n- b. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates\n\nthat he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\n> f. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n48. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **SECOND CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Actual Fraudulent Transfers pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a) and 276, and Bankruptcy Code sections 544(b) and 550(a))**\n\n49. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-44 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n50. The Prepetition Transfers were made by the Debtor, through his alter ego company,\n\nGFNY, with the actual intent to hinder, delay and/or defraud his creditors.\n\n51. The Debtor's intent to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors in effectuating the\n\nPrepetition Transfers is shown by, among other things:\n\n- a. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated using alter-ego shell companies;\n- b. The Prepetition Transfers were concealed from the Debtor's creditors;\n\nc. The Prepetition Transfers were effectuated as part of the Debtor's \"shell game\" with the aid of the Debtor's family members and other lieutenants and subordinates that he controlled in an effort to conceal and shield assets;\n\nd. The Prepetition Transfers furthered the Debtor's fraudulent conduct by enabling the Debtor to profit from his fraud without subjecting his property to the reach of his creditors;\n\ne. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was being sued, including by PAX in the PAX Case; and\n\nf. At the time of the Prepetition Transfers, the Debtor was insolvent or undercapitalized.\n\n52. The Prepetition Transfers are avoidable by the Trustee pursuant to N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1) and 276, and section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and recoverable pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n# **THIRD CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n53. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-44 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n54. The Postpetition Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell companies, GFNY.\n\n55. The Postpetition Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n56. The Postpetition Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n57. The Postpetition Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n58. The Postpetition Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n59. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$82,189.73 are avoided pursuant to section 548(a)(1)(A) of the Bankruptcy Code; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. On the Second Claim, (a) an order declaring that the Prepetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$82,189.73 are avoided pursuant to section 544(b) of the Bankruptcy Code and N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law sections 273(a)(1) and 276; (b) an order directing that the Prepetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Prepetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to N.Y. Debt & Cred. Law section 276 and section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n3. On the Third Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Postpetition Transfers in an amount not less than \\$118,673.75 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Postpetition Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Postpetition Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n4. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n5. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n*Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 4070 Filed 02/12/25 Entered 02/12/25 17:51:44 Page 19 of 20\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\nFILED UNDER SEAL\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 4070 Filed 02/12/25 Entered 02/12/25 17:51:44 Page 20 of 20\n\n## **SCHEDULE B**\n\nFILED UNDER SEAL","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins，Chapter 11 受托人 被告\nCesare Attolini NY LLC，\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka，Patrick R. Linsey\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n✔\n诉讼原因\n（简要陈述诉讼原因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\nChapter 11 受托人依据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人和债权人法》第 273(a) 及 276 条，请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和申请日后转让并请求相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多填写五（5）个方框，将主要诉讼原因编号为 1，第一个备选诉讼原因编号为 2，第二个备选诉讼原因编号为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11-追回金钱/财产 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-追回金钱/财产 - §547 偏颇清偿\n□\n✔\n13-追回金钱/财产 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14-追回金钱/财产 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性（续）\n□\n61-可解除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可解除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可解除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可解除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养除外）\n□\n65-可解除性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务\n□\n41-对解除债务提出异议/撤销解除债务 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益劣后\n□\n81-债权或权益劣后\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可解除性\n□\n66-可解除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税务债权\n□\n62-可解除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可解除性 - §523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉讼原因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的\n其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体性争点，请勾选\n✔ □ 如主张本案系依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 $\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件待决地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分庭办事处\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序待决地区 分庭办事处 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2025 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nDouglas S. Skalka\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即设立受破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，其由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围极广且法院管辖权极为宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权发生诉讼。也可能会发生涉及债务人解除债务的诉讼。若此类诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）完成后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所要求的法院活动统计报告。\n\n该封面页及其所载信息，不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页在很大程度上不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告与被告。请准确填写原告和被告在起诉状中所示的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中所请求的金额。\n\n签名。该封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\nUNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION（美国破产法院康涅狄格州地区布里奇波特分庭）\n\nx\n\nChapter 11（第 11 章）\n:\n:\n案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n:\n:\n（合并管理）\n\nx\n\n对抗程序编号\n\nx\n\nChapter 11 受托人依据《破产法典》第 544、548、549 及 550 条以及《纽约州债务人和债权人法》第 273(a) 及 276 条，请求撤销及追回欺诈性转让和申请日后转让并请求相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其作为在 Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）的 Chapter 11 案件（“Chapter 11 案件”）中获指定的 Chapter 11 受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提交本\n\n1 本案 Chapter 11 案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及其他众多别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（税务识别号码后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 及 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n修订后的对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），针对被告 Cesare Attolini NY LLC（“被告”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回债务人在本 Chapter 11 案件开始后实施、且未经破产法院或《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法典”）授权的债务人破产财团财产转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另一个自我空壳公司 GFNY INC.（“GFNY”），在申请日（定义如下）之前向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计金额为 $82,189.73 的资金。\n\n3. 该等转让构成实际欺诈，因为债务人作为其“空壳游戏”的一部分实施了该等转让，且该等转让系意图阻碍、拖延及/或欺诈债务人的债权人而作出。\n\n4. 在申请日后，债务人通过其另一个自我空壳公司 GFNY，向作为初始受让人的被告转让了合计金额为 $118,673.75 的资金。\n\n5. 由于该等破产财团财产的申请日后转让未经法院或《破产法典》授权，故其可依据《破产法典》第 549 及 550 条予以撤销及追回。\n管辖权与审判地\n\n6. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n7. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n8. 本案请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法典》第 544、548、549 及 550 条，以及《纽约州债务人和债权人法》第 273(a) 及 276 条 2，或任何其他适用的州法等同规定。\n当事人\n\n9. 受托人系依据破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的命令，在本 Chapter 11 案件中担任的 Chapter 11 受托人[案件编号 22-50073（“主案”）案卷编号 523]。\n\n10. 被告是一家纽约州有限责任公司，地址为 798 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10065。\n事实\nA. Chapter 11 案件\n\n11. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州地区破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）依据《破产法典》《美国法典》第 11 编第 11 章自愿提交救济申请（“申请日”），从而启动上述标题所示的 Chapter 11 案件（“Chapter 11 案件”）。\n\n12. 于 March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本 Chapter 11 案件中指定了一个无担保债权人官方委员会。尚未指定审查员。\n\n13. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 $3,850 的资产，并已产生数亿美元的\n\n2 此后，对《纽约州债务人和债权人法》的所有法条引用均简称为“N.Y. Debt. & Cred. Law”。\n\n负债。3 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多另一个自我空壳公司（包括 GFNY）持有及/或转让的财产。\n\n14. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录和命令[主案案卷编号 465]，指示美国受托人在 Chapter 11 案件中指定一名 Chapter 11 受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 担任受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准指定 Luc A. Despins 为 Chapter 11 案件的受托人[主案案卷编号 523]。\nB. 债务人使用空壳公司及受托人的对抗程序\n\n15. GFNY 是债务人用以欺诈其债权人的众多另一个自我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员和下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐瞒其财产。\n\n16. 自获指定以来，受托人已在 Chapter 11 案件中提起多项对抗程序，其中包括确立债务人的空壳公司系其另一个自我，及/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；而在其中若干程序中，破产法院已经给予该等救济。4\n\n3 资产与负债清单，第 1 页（主案，案卷编号 78）。\n\n4 除 Lamp Capital 对立诉讼（Lamp Capital A.P.）和综合对立诉讼（Omnibus A.P.）外，信托管理人正在寻求或已获得此类救济的对立诉讼包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（Luc A. Despins），第11章信托管理人，诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，第11章信托管理人，诉 Greenwich Land LLC（Greenwich Land LLC）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，第11章信托管理人，诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，第11章信托管理人，诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK Technologies, Inc.）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins，第11章信托管理人，诉 Taurus Fund LLC（Taurus Fund LLC）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，第11章信托管理人，诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（Golden Spring (New York) Limited）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins，第11章信托管理人，诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（Bouillor Holdings Limited）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；(viii) Luc A.\n\n17. 信托管理人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（以下简称“综合对立诉讼”）中，就 GFNY 寻求该等救济。信托管理人通过援引方式将其在综合对立诉讼中提交的起诉书（Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1）纳入本文。\n\n18. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购买的资产，和/或无对价转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对其拥有控制权和支配权。\nC. 债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债权人而实施的行为\n\n19. 除信托管理人对立诉讼中处理的事项外，破产法院还认定，债务人是 Ace Decade Limited（Ace Decade Limited）（并通过该公司是 Dawn State Limited（Dawn State Limited））的受益所有人，并且债务人控制和使用了 Ace Decade Limited 的名义股东 Yvette Wang（王玉玮）。5\n\n20. 破产法院还认定，“G Entities”（Gettr、G Fashion、G Music、GClubs、GNews 和 GEdu）、New Federal State of China（新中国联邦）和 Rule of Law Foundation（法治基金会），以及其他名义上独立的实体和组织，均受债务人控制，6 由债务人领导7 和/或“服务于……债务人的目的，并作为债务人的商业工具”。8\n\nDespins，第11章信托管理人，诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA Global Ventures Limited）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]；以及 (ix) Luc A. Despins，第11章信托管理人，诉 Lamp Capital LLC（Lamp Capital LLC）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05023]。\n\n5 准许要求认定债务人藐视公司治理命令之动议的命令，¶¶ 1, 4 (Jan. 24, 2023, Docket No. 1372 (\"Corp. Governance Contempt Order\"))。\n\n6 部分准许初步禁令动议的更正决定备忘录，¶ 3 (Adv. Proc. No. 22-05032, January 13, 2023 (\"The Debtor also controls Saraca Media Group and a related entity 'GTV'\"))。\n\n7 同上，¶ 7（“债务人是 The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF 和 Himalaya 的领导人。”）。\n\n8 同上（“The Whistleblower Movement、NFSC、ROLF、GSeries 和 Himalaya 服务于债务人的目的，作为债务人的商业工具，其成员个人上忠于债务人。”）。\n\n21. 在申请日之前，United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）的 Liman 法官认定，Eastern Profit Corporation Limited（Eastern Profit Corporation Limited）——一家最初由债务人的一名厨师所有、后转让给债务人女儿的实体——就债务人而言“本质上是一家空壳公司”。9\n\n22. 债务人不遗余力地阻碍和拖延其最大债权人之一，即 Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.（Pacific Alliance Asia Opportunity Fund, L.P.，以下简称“PAX”）的追偿工作。2017 年，PAX 在 Supreme Court of the State of New York（纽约州最高法院，以下简称“纽约法院”）提起针对债务人的诉讼，Index No. 652077/2017（以下简称“PAX 案件”），请求就所欠款项作出判决书。2021 年 2 月 3 日，PAX 从纽约法院获得针对债务人的 $116,402,019.57 判决书（以下简称“PAX 判决书”）。PAX 试图通过扣押债务人的资产来执行 PAX 判决书——包括 Lady May（Lady May），债务人虚假声称该资产由其女儿所有；以及债务人在曼哈顿的豪华公寓，债务人虚假声称该公寓为债务人的儿子以信托方式持有。债务人在判决后程序中违抗纽约法院命令，最终导致债务人被处以 $134 million 的藐视法庭罚款。\n\n9 Eastern Profit Corp. Ltd. v. Strategic Vision US LLC, No. 18-CV-2185 (LJL) 2021 WL 2554631, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2021).\n\n23. 债务人还将其替身实体，包括 GFNY，当作个人钱罐使用，在向债权人隐瞒其在该等替身实体中的资产、并阻碍和拖延债权人就其债权获得追偿的同时，为其本人及其家人已习惯的奢华生活方式提供资金。债务人通过该等替身实体实施的转让延续了债务人的欺诈计划。\n\n24. 债务人已在破产法院作证称，其资产不足以清偿负债，其奢华生活方式由其家人通过名义上由家庭成员持有的企业提供资金。10 债务人仅在资产清单中列示 $3,850 的资产。11\n\n25. 2023 年 3 月，债务人被联邦当局逮捕，并被无保释羁押。2024 年 7 月 16 日，在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）审判后，债务人被判九项重罪罪名成立，即敲诈勒索共谋、实施电信欺诈和银行欺诈共谋、洗钱共谋、实施证券欺诈共谋、与 Farm Loan Program 有关的电信欺诈、与 Farm Loan program 有关的证券欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的电信欺诈、与 G|CLUBS 有关的证券欺诈，以及与 Himalaya Exchange 有关的电信欺诈。\n\n26. United States Government（美国政府）在针对债务人的刑事起诉书中主张，债务人及其共同被告“利用以至少 80 个不同实体或个人名义持有的约 500 多个账户，洗白逾 $1 billion 的欺诈所得。”12\n\n10 关于债务人请求作出临时和最终 DIP 命令之动议的听证会，该命令旨在 (I) 授权债务人取得无担保、次级的申请后融资，以及 (II) 安排临时和最终听证会，及 (III) 给予相关救济 (Main Case, April 27, 2022)\n\n11 见注释 3。\n\n27. 包括 GFNY 在内的债务人替身实体的财产，在申请日前的任何时候均为债务人的财产。\n\n28. 在与本文有关的所有时间内，债务人在纽约州纽约市开展业务，包括指示转让（定义见本文）。\nD. 债务人的空壳把戏和欺诈在申请后仍在继续\n\n29. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的全部财产，包括 Hamilton（Hamilton），均成为第11章破产财产。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）项下的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司实施转让，包括但不限于 GFNY。\n\n30. 该等申请后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获破产法授权。\nE. 为阻碍、拖延或欺诈债权人而作出的转让\n\n31. 本起诉书所涉转让（定义见本文）具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图，因为该等转让是通过债务人作为其空壳把戏一部分经营的替身空壳公司作出的。\n\n32. 债务人故意以此方式安排其财务事务，以便在向其众多债权人虚假声称贫困的同时，隐瞒和耗散数百万美元的资产。债务人声称其一贫如洗，同时却大量支出，以维持其本人、其家庭成员及密切关联人的亿万富翁生活方式。\n\n12 见 United States of America 就反对被告 Yanping Wang（王雁平）审前释放动议所提交的法律备忘录第 29 页，该备忘录作为附件 B 附于第11章信托管理人就 G Club Operations LLC（G Club Operations LLC）对信托管理人强制履行动议及相关救济请求所提补充异议的答复中 (June 23, 2023, Main Case Docket No. 1934)。\n\n33. 债务人隐瞒和耗散的资产包括其从加密货币、证券及其他欺诈计划的受害人处获得的资金。由于该等行为，债务人已在 United States District Court for the Southern District of New York（美国纽约南区联邦地区法院）待决的一宗刑事案件中，被判多项重罪欺诈、洗钱及敲诈勒索罪名成立。见 United States v. Ho Wan Kwok（郭文贵）, case no. 1:23-cr-00118-AT [ECF No. 395] (July 18, 2024 S.D.N.Y.).\n\n34. 债务人明知并意图通过以此方式隐瞒和耗散其资产，将不会剩余足够资产偿还其债权人——包括其诸多欺诈行为的受害人。因此，该等转让必然具有阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈债务人债权人的意图。\nF. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n35. 2024 年 2 月 15 日，法院作出其部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令 [Main Case Docket No. 2921]（以下简称“中止时效命令”），其中法院依 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）第 108、546 和 549 条规定的信托管理人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括 2024 年 8 月 15 日。\n\n36. 法院在中止时效命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明书，未向信托管理人提供账簿和记录，并且未以其他方式与信托管理人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为破产法项下债务人的义务。(Tolling Order at p. 14.)\n\n37. 与债务人有关的家庭成员及其他个人和实体同样阻碍了信托管理人的调查，正如法院已作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿、[Mei] Guo（郭美）以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而藐视法庭”所证明。(Id. at p. 15.) 法院认定，“在这些共同管理的第11章案件中不遵守本院命令的行为，是非同寻常的”(id.)，并认定，面对该等阻碍，信托管理人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”。(id. at p. 17) 自 2024 年 2 月以来，信托管理人已提起逾 280 宗对立诉讼。(See Main Docket, generally.)\n\n38. 2024 年 8 月 14 日，法院作出其准许第二次延长信托管理人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令 [Main Case Docket No. 3417]（以下简称“第二次中止时效命令”），进一步将 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）第 108、546 和 549 条规定的信托管理人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至 2025 年 2 月 15 日，并指出信托管理人调查持续面临的障碍及信托管理人进行该等调查的勤勉性 (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3)。\n\n39. 信托管理人在调查和追究本起诉书中主张的请求权方面一直勤勉行事。\n\n40. 鉴于包括信托管理人在进行勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻碍在内的因素，衡平利益的权衡强烈支持对适用于本文所主张请求权的任何时效期间实行衡平中止。\nG. 向被告作出的转让\n\n41. 在申请日前，债务人使用其替身空壳公司、GFNY 或以其他方式，将债务人的财产转让给被告（以下简称“申请前转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表 A\n\n42. 在申请日后，债务人通过包括 GFNY 在内的空壳公司，或以其他方式，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产中的财产（“申请日后转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表B。\n\n43. 在申请日前转让和申请日后转让（合称“转让”）发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n44. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求\n（依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(A)条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n45. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至44段所载指称，如同在此完整列明。\n\n46. 债务人通过其另我 GFNY，以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的方式作出了申请日前转让。\n\n47. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\na. 申请日前转让是通过另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请日前转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分；债务人为隐匿和保护资产，借助其控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属实施了该等转让；\n\nd. 申请日前转让进一步促进了债务人的欺诈行为，使债务人得以从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索；\n\ne. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\nf. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n48. 受托人可依据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(A)条撤销申请日前转让，并可依据《破产法典》第550(a)条追回该等转让。\n\n第二项请求\n（依据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273(a)条和第276条，以及《破产法典》第544(b)条和第550(a)条请求撤销并追回实际欺诈性转让）\n\n49. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至44段所载指称，如同在此完整列明。\n\n50. 债务人通过其另我公司 GFNY，以实际意图阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的方式作出了申请日前转让。\n\n51. 债务人在实施申请日前转让时阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的意图，除其他事项外，可由以下事实证明：\n\na. 申请日前转让是通过另我空壳公司实施的；\n\nb. 申请日前转让对债务人的债权人予以隐瞒；\n\nc. 申请日前转让是债务人“空壳游戏”的一部分；债务人为隐匿和保护资产，借助其控制的家庭成员及其他亲信和下属实施了该等转让；\n\nd. 申请日前转让进一步促进了债务人的欺诈行为，使债务人得以从其欺诈中获利，而不使其财产受到其债权人追索；\n\ne. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人正被起诉，包括 PAX 在 PAX 案件中对其提起的诉讼；以及\n\nf. 在申请日前转让发生时，债务人已无力偿债或资本不足。\n\n52. 受托人可依据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273(a)(1)条和第276条以及《破产法典》第544(b)条撤销申请日前转让，并可依据《破产法典》第550(a)条追回该等转让。\n\n第三项请求\n（依据《破产法典》第549条和第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请日后转让）\n\n53. 受托人重申并再次主张第1至44段所载指称，如同在此完整列明。\n\n54. 债务人向被告作出了申请日后转让，包括通过其另我空壳公司 GFNY 作出的转让。\n\n55. 申请日后转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n56. 申请日后转让未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n57. 申请日后转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产中财产的未经授权转让。\n\n58. 申请日后转让可依据《破产法典》第549(a)条予以撤销。\n\n59. 依据《破产法典》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回申请日后转让，或其价值，并加计至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留空]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告根据《破产法典》第548(a)(1)(A)条撤销金额不少于 $82,189.73 的转让；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请日前转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回申请日前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 就第二项请求，(a) 作出命令，宣告根据《破产法典》第544(b)条及《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第273(a)(1)条和第276条撤销金额不少于 $82,189.73 的申请日前转让；(b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请日前转让；以及 (c) 根据《纽约州债务人与债权人法》第276条及《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回申请日前转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n3. 就第三项请求，作出命令，(a) 宣告根据《破产法典》第549条撤销金额不少于 $118,673.75 的申请日后转让；以及 (b) 作出命令，指示撤销申请日后转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回申请日后转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n4. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决作出之日止，按最高法定利率向受托人判给判决前利息；以及\n\n5. 法院在具体情形下认为公正、适当或衡平的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 12, 2025\nNew Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（ct00616）\nPatrick R. Linsey（ct29437）\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n\n第11章受托人的律师\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 4070 Filed 02/12/25 Entered 02/12/25 17:51:44 Page 19 of 20\n\n附表A\n\n密封提交\n\nCase 22-50073 Doc 4070 Filed 02/12/25 Entered 02/12/25 17:51:44 Page 20 of 20\n\n附表B\n\n密封提交","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Je","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Himalaya","Farm Loan","Miles Guo","Yanping Wang","HCHK","GTV","Saraca","Himalaya Exchange","GETTR","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[{"doc_number":395,"court":"CTB"}],"word_count":4926,"status":"published","published_at":"2025-02-12 00:00:00","created_at":"2025-02-12","updated_at":"2026-08-23 19:49:27"}