{"id":"court_ctb_4072_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4072,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Hee-Seup Shin | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
✔
□ Trustee | | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION
TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550 | | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq. | | | | | |\n| (continued next column) | □
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n| | | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | | | |\n| | | RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | x | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|--|\n| In re: | :
: | Chapter 11 | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| | :
Debtors.
:
: | (Jointly Administered) | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | x
:
:
:
:
Plaintiff,
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. 25-[
] | |\n| HEE-SEUP SHIN, | :
:
: | February 12, 2025 | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant.
:
:
x | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the chapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this adversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Hee-Seup Shin (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\n#### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell company, Hamilton Investment Management Limited (\"Hamilton Investment\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$200,000.00 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n#### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is an individual with an address at Unit 5, 5-9 Cowan Road, St. Ives, NSW 2075, Australia.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including Hamilton Investment.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\n13. Hamilton Investment is among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. 3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect Hamilton Investment in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]; and (ix) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\n### **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including Hamilton Investment, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, Hamilton Investment.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n### **E. Transfer to the Defendant**\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies, including Hamilton Investment, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfer\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfer, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n# **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Transfer pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter-ego shell company, Hamilton Investment.\n\n31. The Transfer occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfer was not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n33. The Transfer constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfer is avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfer, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n*[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]*\n\n### **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfer in an amount not less than \\$200,000.00 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfer be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfer, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | | Date | | Amount |\n|-----------------------------------|------------------------------------------|--|-----------|----|--------------|\n| 1 | Hamilton Investment Management Ltd (BVI) | | 4/11/2022 | \\$ | (200,000.00) |\n| Total - Payments to Hee-Seup Shin | | | | | (200,000.00) |","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nHee-Seup Shin（申熙燮）\n律师（律所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂斯律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n✔\n□ 受托人\n诉因\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回申请后\n转让及相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因作为1，第一备选诉因作为2，第二备选诉因作为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产追回\n□\n11-金钱/财产追回 - §542 财产交还\n□\n12-金钱/财产追回 - §547 偏颇清偿\n□\n13-金钱/财产追回 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14-金钱/财产追回 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先权或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先权或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性（续）\n□\n61-可免责性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养\n□\n68-可免责性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-可免责性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-可免责性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65-可免责性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准财产出售\n□\n31-批准出售破产财产及共同所有人财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益从属\n□\n81-债权或权益从属\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\n□\n91-确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 可免责性\n□\n66-可免责性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税款债权\n□\n62-可免责性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-可免责性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃 FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送债权或诉因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA 案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n（续下一栏） □\n02-其他（例如，与破产案件无关时本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中请求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 \\$\n\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分院\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2025 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nDouglas S. Skalka\n说明\n\n提交破产案件将在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财产”，其包括债务人的全部财产，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财产范围广泛且法院管辖权宽泛，可能会就破产财产或其财产权产生诉讼。也可能存在涉及债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提交对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即对抗程序封面页，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 在提交过程中获取表格1040中的信息。）填妥后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制有关法院活动的必要统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产规则》或法院地方法规所要求提交和送达的诉状或其他文件。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员单独提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确列明起诉状中所载的原告和被告姓名。\n\n律师。请列明律师的姓名和地址，如已知。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。请输入起诉状中请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记律师在表格第二页的方框中签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，该事务所的一名成员必须签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则原告必须签署。\n美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院布里奇波特分院\n\n———————————————————————————————————— x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第11章\n\nHO WAN KWOK，\n等， ：\n： 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n\n债务人。\n：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章\n受托人，\n诉 x\n\n原告，\n：\n：\n： 对抗程序编号 25-[\n]\nHEE-SEUP SHIN， ：\n：\n： February 12, 2025\n———————————————————————————————————— 被告。\n：\n：\nx\n第11章受托人依据《破产法》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins以其在Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，针对被告Hee-Seup Shin（“被告”）提交本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（又称Guo Wengui（郭文贵）、Miles Guo（郭文贵）和Miles Kwok（郭文贵），以及众多其他化名）（税务识别号后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever Holdings有限责任公司）（税务识别号后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever Holdings公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP（普衡律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财产的受托人（仅用于通知和通信）。\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第11章案件开始后作出的、未经破产法院依据《美国法典》第11编（“破产法”）授权的债务人第11章破产财产转让。\n\n2. 在申请日后，债务人通过其另我空壳公司Hamilton Investment Management Limited（“Hamilton Investment”）（汉密尔顿投资管理有限公司），向作为初始受让人的被告转让了 \\$200,000.00 资金。\n\n3. 因为该等申请后破产财产转让未经法院或《破产法》授权，故其可依据《破产法》第549条和第550条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权及审理地\n\n4. 本院根据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已根据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移送本院。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法》第549条和第550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人根据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令［案件编号22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号523］，担任第11章案件的第11章受托人。\n\n8. 被告为个人，其地址为Unit 5, 5-9 Cowan Road, St. Ives, NSW 2075, Australia。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022（“申请日”）在美国康涅狄格州联邦破产法院（“法院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交依据《破产法》第11章寻求救济的申请，从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，美国受托人办公室在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查员。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产财产清单称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人的确负债累累，但其财产清单未披露由其众多另我空壳公司（包括Hamilton Investment）持有和/或转让的债务人财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，法院作出决定备忘录及命令［主案件案卷编号465］，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A. Despins为受托人。于July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins为第11章案件的受托人［主案件案卷编号523］。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页［主案件案卷编号78］。\n\n13. Hamilton Investment是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人一直策划一场“空壳游戏”，使用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际上由债务人控制的错综复杂的空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人在第11章案件中提起了多项对抗程序，其中包括确立债务人的空壳公司系其另我，和/或该等公司及其资产由债务人在衡平法上拥有；在其中若干程序中，破产法院已批准该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人在Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd, et al.［对抗程序编号24-05249］（“综合对抗程序”）中，就Hamilton Investment寻求相同或实质上类似的救济。受托人提及并通过援引纳入其在综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，案卷编号1）。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式始终包括：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用其他债务人控制实体的现金购买，和/或无对价地转让给空壳实体及在空壳实体之间转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产拥有控制权和支配权。\n\n3 除综合对抗程序（Omnibus A.P.）外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 Mei Guo（郭美）案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉〈纽约〉有限公司）案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（布伊约尔控股有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；以及 (ix) 第11章受托人 Luc A. Despins 诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA全球创投有限公司）等案 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳公司操作及欺诈行为在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的所有财产，包括 Hamilton Investment（汉密尔顿投资），均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视 Bankruptcy Court（破产法院）及其根据 Bankruptcy Code（破产法）承担的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司进行转让，包括但不限于 Hamilton Investment。\n\n19. 这些申请破产后的转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获破产法授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《关于部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（以下简称“时效中止命令”），其中法院根据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将破产法第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括 2024年8月15日。\n\n21. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单及财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并以其他方式未能与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为破产法下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令第14页。）\n\n22. 与债务人有关联的家庭成员及其他个人和实体同样妨碍了受托人的调查，法院已作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿[Mei] Guo，以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”，即为明证。（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些共同管理的第11章案件中不遵守本法院命令的行为，实属异常”（同上），并认定面对该等妨碍，受托人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”。（同上，第17页。）自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起280余起对抗程序。（见主案案卷，概述。）\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《关于准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（以下简称“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将破产法第108、546及549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至 2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人开展该调查时的勤勉。（第二次时效中止命令第2-3页。）\n\n24. 受托人在调查和追诉本起诉状所主张的请求权时已尽到勤勉义务。\n\n25. 鉴于包括受托人在开展勤勉调查时所面临的异常妨碍在内的诸多情况，衡平因素的权衡强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求权的任何时效期间实行衡平时效中止。\n\nE. 向被告的转让\n\n26. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司，包括 Hamilton Investment，将债务人第11章破产财产转让给被告（统称“该转让”），包括但不限于以下转让：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附件A。\n\n27. 在该转让发生时，债务人对其破产财产的债权人负有未清偿义务。\n\n28. 被告系该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n（根据破产法第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的转让）\n\n29. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至28段所载指控，如同在本文件中完整载明。\n\n30. 该等转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其替身空壳公司 Hamilton Investment 作出。\n\n31. 该转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n32. 该转让未经破产法院或破产法授权。\n\n33. 该转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产未经授权的转让。\n\n34. 根据破产法第549(a)条，该转让可被撤销。\n\n35. 根据破产法第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该转让，或其价值，并追索截至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页其余部分有意留白。]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求法院作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求权，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $200,000.00 的该转让根据破产法第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该转让；以及 (c) 根据破产法第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，向被告追回该转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提交本起诉状之日起至本案判决之日止，按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院认为在该等情形下公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附件A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 Hamilton Investment Management Ltd (BVI)（汉密尔顿投资管理有限公司〈英属维尔京群岛〉） 4/11/2022 $ (200,000.00)\n\n合计－向 Hee-Seup Shin（申熙燮）的付款 (200,000.00)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3087,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:42:38"}