{"id":"court_ctb_4073_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4073,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Grubhub Holdings Inc | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS | (If Known) | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
✔ | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION
TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550 | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment
□
91-Declaratory judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint
Other Relief Sought | Demand \\$ | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Douglas S. Skalka | | | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Douglas S. Skalka | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------|--|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 | |\n| 1
HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | | :
:
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) | |\n| | Debtors. | :
: | (Jointly Administered) | |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. 25- [ ] | |\n| GRUBHUB HOLDINGS INC, | | :
:
: | February 12, 2025 | |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | Defendant. | :
:
x | | |\n\n# **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Grubhub Holdings Inc (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n### **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his alter-ego shell companies, GFNY Inc (\"GFNY\"), HCHK Technologies Inc (\"HCHK Technologies\"), and Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc (\"ROLF\" and, with GFNY and HCHK Technologies, collectively the \"Relevant Alter Egos\"), transferred funds in the amount of \\$180,147.52 to the Defendant as the initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n### **THE PARTIES**\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a Delaware corporation with an address and place of business at 111 W. Washington Street, Suite 2100, Chicago, Illinois, 60602.\n\n# **FACTS**\n\n### **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter-ego shell companies, including the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A. Despins as the\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nTrustee. On July 8, 2022, the Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n### **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. The Relevant Alter Egos are among the numerous alter-ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter-egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief. 3\n\n15. The Court has entered judgment to the effect that HCHK Technologies is the Debtor's alter ego and that its property, prior to the Petition Date, was property of the Debtor. (Adv. Proc. No. 23-5013 (the \"HCHK Entities A.P.\"), Docket No. 296 (the \"HCHK Entities Judgment\"). HCHK Entities Judgment is final and no longer subject to appeal. The Trustee refers\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the HCHK A.P. and Omnibus A.P.,: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]; and (viii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322].\n\nto and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the HCHK Entities A.P. (HCHK Entities A.P., Docket No. 1) and the HCHK Entities Judgment.\n\n16. The Trustee is pursuing the same or substantially similar relief with respect GFNY and ROLF in *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249] (the \"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee refers to and incorporates herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n17. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n# **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n18. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including the Relevant Alter Egos, became property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n19. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter-ego shell companies, including, without limitation, the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n20. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n21. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n22. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n23. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n24. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n25. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n26. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n# **Transfers to the Defendant**\n\n27. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell companies, including the Relevant Alter Egos, transferred property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE A** attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n28. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n29. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n# **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n30. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-29 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n31. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through the Relevant Alter Egos.\n\n32. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n33. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n34. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate.\n\n35. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n36. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n# [REMAINDER PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK]\n\n# **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. On the First Claim, an order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$180,147.52 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\n*[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank.]*\n\nDated: February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: /s/ *Douglas S. Skalka* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | Amount |\n|------|------------------------------------------|------------|--------------------|\n| 1 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 2/25/2022 | \\$
(491.95) |\n| 2 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 3/11/2022 | (10,166.08) |\n| 3 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 4/8/2022 | (15,938.56) |\n| 4 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 5/4/2022 | (9,289.89) |\n| 5 | GFNY Inc | 5/25/2022 | (4,647.18) |\n| 6 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 6/15/2022 | (10,744.61) |\n| 7 | GFNY Inc | 6/22/2022 | (5,239.44) |\n| 8 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 7/6/2022 | (12,120.14) |\n| 9 | GFNY Inc | 7/26/2022 | (4,041.08) |\n| 10 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 8/30/2022 | (12,216.83) |\n| 11 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 9/20/2022 | (11,086.02) |\n| 12 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 10/18/2022 | (6,898.86) |\n| 13 | GFNY Inc | 10/25/2022 | (7,026.02) |\n| 14 | GFNY Inc | 11/1/2022 | (5,986.94) |\n| 15 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 11/28/2022 | (4,349.69) |\n| 16 | GFNY Inc | 12/12/2022 | (6,732.63) |\n| 17 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 12/20/2022 | (3,402.51) |\n| 18 | GFNY Inc | 12/21/2022 | (4,492.62) |\n| 19 | GFNY Inc | 3/8/2023 | (1,361.60) |\n| 20 | HCHK Technologies Inc | 4/10/2023 | (1,635.14) |\n| 21 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 5/8/2024 | (7,574.02) |\n| 22 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 6/10/2024 | (9,239.01) |\n| 23 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 7/9/2024 | (14,443.25) |\n| 24 | Rule of Law Foundation III Inc | 8/12/2024 | (11,023.45) |\n| | Total - Payments to Grubhub Holdings Inc | | \\$
(180,147.52) |\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**","body_zh":"B1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面附说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章受托人 被告\nGrubhub Holdings Inc（格拉布枢纽控股有限公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址及电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）、Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩与蒙蒂思律师事务所）\n195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师 （如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一个方框）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n✔\n诉讼原因\n（简要陈述诉讼原因，包括所涉及的全部美国法条）\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550 条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转移并获得相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉讼原因为 1，第一项备选诉讼原因为 2，第二项备选诉讼原因为 3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 追回金钱/财产\n□\n11－追回金钱/财产－§542 财产移交\n□\n12－追回金钱/财产－§547 优先受偿\n□\n13－追回金钱/财产－§548 欺诈性转移\n□\n✔\n14－追回金钱/财产－其他\nFRBP 7001(2) －留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21－留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) －债务可免责性（续）\n□\n61－债务可免责性－§523(a)(5)，家庭扶养义务\n□\n68－债务可免责性－§523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63－债务可免责性－§523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64－债务可免责性－§523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养义务除外）\n□\n65－债务可免责性－其他\nFRBP 7001(3) －批准出售财产\n□\n31－批准出售破产财团财产及共同所有人财产－§363(h) FRBP 7001(7) －禁令救济\n□\n71－禁令救济－施加中止\n□\n72－禁令救济－其他\nFRBP 7001(4) －对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41－对免责提出异议/撤销免责－§727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益从属\n□\n81－债权或权益从属\nFRBP 7001(5) －撤销确认\n□\n51－撤销确认 FRBP 7001(9) 确认之诉判决\n□\n91－确认之诉判决\nFRBP 7001(6) －债务可免责性\n□\n66－债务可免责性－§523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62－债务可免责性－§523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67－债务可免责性－§523(a)(4)，作为受托人的欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 对移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01－对移送债权或诉讼原因的裁定\n其他\n□\nSS－SIPA 案件－15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02－其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体争议，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据 FRCP 23 提起的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如在起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选\n请求的其他救济 请求金额 $\nB1040（表格 1040）（12/15）\n\n产生本对抗程序的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分部办公室\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分部办公室 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2025 律师（或原告）印刷体姓名\nDouglas S. Skalka\n说明\n\n提交破产案件即在破产法院管辖下设立“破产财团”，该财团由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围如此广泛且法院管辖权如此宽泛，可能会就破产财团的财产或财产权利提起诉讼。还可能存在有关债务人免责的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格 1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF 将表格 1040 中的信息作为提交程序的一部分予以采集。）填写完成后，该封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息并不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交及送达。封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告的律师填写（如原告未由律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。在第一栏为原告勾选最适当的方框，在第二栏为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由记录在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即未由律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格州联邦地区 布里奇波特分部\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： ：\n： 第 11 章\n\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等， ：\n：\n： 案件编号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 ：\n： （合并管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第 11 章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n： 对抗程序编号 25- [ ]\nGRUBHUB HOLDINGS INC（格拉布枢纽控股有限公司）， ：\n：\n： February 12, 2025\n----------------------------------------------------------- 被告。 ：\n：\nx\n第 11 章受托人根据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550 条寻求撤销及追回申请提交后转移并获得相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins，以其作为在 Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）第 11 章案件（“第 11 章案件”）中获任命的第 11 章受托人（“受托人”）的身份，提起本\n\n1 本第 11 章案件中的债务人为 Ho Wan Kwok（亦称 Guo Wengui、Miles Guo 和 Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（杰尼弗控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）和 Genever Holdings Corporation（杰尼弗控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC 和 Genever Holdings Corporation 的邮寄地址为 Paul Hastings LLP（保罗·黑斯廷斯律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，c/o Luc A. Despins，作为 Ho Wan Kwok 破产财团的受托人（仅为通知和通信之目的）。\n\n对被告 Grubhub Holdings Inc（“被告”）提起本对抗起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回在本第 11 章案件开始后作出的、未经破产法院依据《美国法典》第 11 编（“破产法”）授权的债务人第 11 章破产财团财产转移。\n\n2. 在申请提交日后，债务人通过其替身空壳公司 GFNY Inc（“GFNY”）、HCHK Technologies Inc（“HCHK Technologies”）和 Rule of Law Foundation III, Inc（“ROLF”，与 GFNY 和 HCHK Technologies 合称“相关替身实体”），向作为初始受让人的被告转移了金额为 \\$180,147.52 的资金。\n\n3. 由于该等申请提交后对破产财团财产的转移未经法院或《破产法》授权，故其可依据《破产法》第 549 条和第 550 条予以撤销和追回。\n管辖权与审判地\n\n4. 本法院依据 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) 对本对抗程序具有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序已依据 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) 移交本法院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法》第 549 条和第 550 条。\n当事人\n\n7. 受托人系第 11 章案件中的第 11 章受托人，依照破产法院于 July 8, 2022 作出的裁定获任命［案件编号 22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号 523］。\n\n8. 被告是一家 Delaware（特拉华州）公司，其地址及营业地点为 111 W. Washington Street, Suite 2100, Chicago, Illinois, 60602。\n事实\nA. 第 11 章案件\n\n9. 债务人于 February 15, 2022 在 United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（康涅狄格州联邦地区美国破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）根据《破产法》第 11 章提交自愿救济申请（“申请提交日”），从而启动第 11 章案件。\n\n10. 于 March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第 11 章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于 March 2022 向破产法院提交的破产财产清单声称，其拥有 \\$3,850 的资产，并承担了数亿美元的负债。2 虽然债务人确实负债累累，但其财产清单未披露债务人通过其众多替身空壳公司（包括相关替身实体）持有和/或转移的财产。\n\n12. 于 June 15, 2022，法院作出备忘决定和命令［主案件案卷编号 465］，指示美国受托人在第 11 章案件中任命一名第 11 章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定 Luc A. Despins 为\n\n2 《资产与负债清单》，第 1 页［主案件案卷编号 78］。\n\n受托人。于 July 8, 2022，法院作出命令，批准任命 Luc A. Despins 为第 11 章案件的受托人［主案件案卷编号 523］。\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. 相关替身实体是债务人用于阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人的众多替身空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属名义持有、但实际由债务人控制的复杂空壳公司网络。该空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转移数百万美元的现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第 11 章案件中提起多项对抗程序，以便除其他事项外确认债务人的空壳公司是其替身实体，和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有；且在数项该等对抗程序中，破产法院已准予该等救济。3\n\n15. 法院已作出判决，确认 HCHK Technologies 是债务人的替身实体，且其在申请提交日前的财产属于债务人的财产。（对抗程序编号 23-5013（“HCHK Entities A.P.”），案卷编号 296（“HCHK Entities Judgment”）。HCHK Entities Judgment 已为终局判决，且不再可上诉。受托人援引\n\n3 除 HCHK A.P. 和 Omnibus A.P. 外，受托人寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），Chapter 11 Trustee（第11章受托人）诉 HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资（美国）有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治土地有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Mei Guo（郭美）[Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(v) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Golden Spring (New York) Limited（黄金泉（纽约）有限公司）[Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vi) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Lamp Capital LLC（兰普资本有限责任公司）等 [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(vii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 Bouillor Holdings Limited（布伊约尔控股有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]；以及 (viii) Luc A. Despins，Chapter 11 Trustee 诉 AA Global Ventures Limited（AA全球风险投资有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]。\n\n并援引且将其在 HCHK Entities A.P. 中提交的起诉书（HCHK Entities A.P., Docket No. 1）及 HCHK Entities Judgment（HCHK实体判决书）纳入本文。\n\n16. 受托人正在 Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd（ACA资本集团有限公司）等 [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]（“Omnibus A.P.”）中，就 GFNY 和 ROLF 寻求相同或实质相似的救济。受托人援引且将其在 Omnibus A.P. 中提交的起诉书（Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1）纳入本文。\n\n17. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯涉及：(i) 由近亲属和/或下属持有的、受债务人控制的空壳公司；(ii) 使用来自其他受债务人控制实体的现金购置的资产，和/或在空壳实体之间无对价转让的资产；以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳游戏和欺诈在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n18. 截至申请日，债务人通过其替身实体持有的所有财产，包括相关替身实体，均成为债务人第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n19. 在申请日之后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其根据《破产法典》所承担的义务，继续通过众多替身空壳公司进行转让，包括但不限于相关替身实体。\n\n20. 这些申请破产后的转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未获《破产法典》授权。\n\nD. 可撤销请求权的时效中止\n\n21. 2024年2月15日，法院作出其《部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录和命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（“时效中止命令”），法院据此根据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将《破产法典》第108、546和549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至并包括2024年8月15日。\n\n22. 法院在时效中止命令中认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他事项外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况说明，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且在其他方面未与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法典》项下债务人的义务。（Tolling Order at p. 14.）\n\n23. 与债务人有关联的家庭成员及其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院已作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿 [Mei] Guo（郭美）以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产和滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”，即为明证。（Id. at p. 15.）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵守本院命令的情形，是非同寻常的”（id.），并认定，面对该等阻碍，受托人的调查“已尽到超过合理程度的勤勉”。（id. at p. 17）自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起超过280宗对抗程序。（见 Main Docket，通常。）\n\n24. 2024年8月14日，法院作出其《准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销诉讼期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将《破产法典》第108、546和549条规定的受托人提起撤销诉讼的期限延长至2025年2月15日，并指出受托人调查持续面临的障碍以及受托人进行该等调查时的勤勉。（Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3）\n\n25. 受托人在调查和追究本起诉书中主张的请求权时已勤勉行事。\n\n26. 鉴于包括受托人在进行勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻碍在内的诸多情形，衡平因素的权衡强烈支持对适用于本文所主张请求权的任何诉讼时效进行衡平中止。\n\n向被告的转让\n\n27. 在申请日之后，债务人通过其空壳公司，包括相关替身实体，向被告转让了债务人第11章破产财产中的财产（统称为“转让”），包括但不限于如下：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n28. 在转让时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未履行义务。\n\n29. 被告是该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n\n（根据《破产法典》第549条和第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的转让）\n\n30. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至29段所载指控，如同在本文中完整列明。\n\n31. 该等转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过相关替身实体作出。\n\n32. 该等转让发生于申请日之后。\n\n33. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法典》授权。\n\n34. 该等转让构成对债务人第11章破产财产中财产的未经授权转让。\n\n35. 根据《破产法典》第549(a)条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n36. 根据《破产法典》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并追回截至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n[本页余下部分有意留白]\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 就第一项请求权，作出命令：(a) 宣告金额不少于 $180,147.52 的该等转让根据《破产法典》第549条予以撤销；以及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；以及 (c) 根据《破产法典》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产之利益，向被告追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 判给受托人自提交本起诉书之日起至本案判决之日止按最高法定利率计算的判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在该等情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n[本页余下部分有意留白。]\n\n日期：February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人\n\n签署人：/s/ Douglas S. Skalka\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡）(ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）(ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.（纽伯特、佩佩及蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人代理律师\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n1 HCHK Technologies Inc（HCHK科技公司） 2/25/2022 $(491.95)\n2 HCHK Technologies Inc 3/11/2022 (10,166.08)\n3 HCHK Technologies Inc 4/8/2022 (15,938.56)\n4 HCHK Technologies Inc 5/4/2022 (9,289.89)\n5 GFNY Inc 5/25/2022 (4,647.18)\n6 HCHK Technologies Inc 6/15/2022 (10,744.61)\n7 GFNY Inc 6/22/2022 (5,239.44)\n8 HCHK Technologies Inc 7/6/2022 (12,120.14)\n9 GFNY Inc 7/26/2022 (4,041.08)\n10 HCHK Technologies Inc 8/30/2022 (12,216.83)\n11 HCHK Technologies Inc 9/20/2022 (11,086.02)\n12 HCHK Technologies Inc 10/18/2022 (6,898.86)\n13 GFNY Inc 10/25/2022 (7,026.02)\n14 GFNY Inc 11/1/2022 (5,986.94)\n15 HCHK Technologies Inc 11/28/2022 (4,349.69)\n16 GFNY Inc 12/12/2022 (6,732.63)\n17 HCHK Technologies Inc 12/20/2022 (3,402.51)\n18 GFNY Inc 12/21/2022 (4,492.62)\n19 GFNY Inc 3/8/2023 (1,361.60)\n20 HCHK Technologies Inc 4/10/2023 (1,635.14)\n21 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc（法治基金会III公司） 5/8/2024 (7,574.02)\n22 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 6/10/2024 (9,239.01)\n23 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 7/9/2024 (14,443.25)\n24 Rule of Law Foundation III Inc 8/12/2024 (11,023.45)\n合计－向 Grubhub Holdings Inc（Grubhub控股公司）支付的款项 $(180,147.52)\n\n附表A\n\n英语","key_entities":["HCHK","Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Je","Guo","Miles Guo","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3424,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:50:14"}