{"id":"court_ctb_4079_0","court":"CTB","case_no":"22-50073","doc_number":4079,"sub_number":0,"doc_type":"UNKNOWN","filed_date":null,"title":"B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15) | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse)","summary_zh":null,"summary_en":null,"body_en":"#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| ADVERSARY PROCEEDING COVER SHEET
(Instructions on Reverse) | | ADVERSARY PROCEEDING NUMBER
(Court Use Only) | | | | |\n|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| PLAINTIFFS
Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee | DEFENDANTS
Prodome Management Consulting, LLC | | | | | |\n| ATTORNEYS (Firm Name, Address, and Telephone No.)
Douglas S. Skalka, Patrick R. Linsey
Neubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.
195 Church Street, 13 Floor, New Haven, CT 06510
203-781-2847 | ATTORNEYS
(If Known) | | | | | |\n| PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ Debtor
□ U.S.
Trustee/Bankruptcy Admin
□ Creditor
□ Other
□ Trustee
✔ | □ Debtor
□ Creditor
□ Trustee | PARTY (Check One Box Only)
□ U.S. Trustee/Bankruptcy
Admin
□ Other
✔ | | | | |\n| CAUSE OF ACTION
(WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE OF ACTION, INCLUDING ALL U.S. STATUTES INVOLVED)
COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION
TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550 | | | | | | |\n| NATURE OF SUIT
(Number up to five (5) boxes starting with lead cause of action as 1, first alternative cause as 2, second alternative cause as 3, etc.) | | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(1) – Recovery of Money/Property
□
11-Recovery of money/property - §542 turnover of property
□
12-Recovery of money/property - §547 preference
□
13-Recovery of money/property - §548 fraudulent transfer
□
✔
14-Recovery of money/property - other
FRBP 7001(2) – Validity, Priority or Extent of Lien
□
21-Validity, priority or extent of lien or other interest in property | FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability (continued)
□
61-Dischargeability - §523(a)(5), domestic support
□
68-Dischargeability - §523(a)(6), willful and malicious injury
□
63-Dischargeability - §523(a)(8), student loan
□
64-Dischargeability - §523(a)(15), divorce or separation obligation
(other than domestic support)
□
65-Dischargeability - other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(3) – Approval of Sale of Property
□
31-Approval of sale of property of estate and of a co-owner - §363(h) | FRBP 7001(7) – Injunctive Relief
□
71-Injunctive relief – imposition of stay
□
72-Injunctive relief – other | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(4) – Objection/Revocation of Discharge
□
41-Objection / revocation of discharge - §727(c),(d),(e) | FRBP 7001(8) Subordination of Claim or Interest
□
81-Subordination of claim or interest | | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(5) – Revocation of Confirmation
□
51-Revocation of confirmation | □
91-Declaratory judgment | FRBP 7001(9) Declaratory Judgment | | | | |\n| FRBP 7001(6) – Dischargeability
□
66-Dischargeability - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) priority tax claims
□
62-Dischargeability - §523(a)(2), false pretenses, false representation,
actual fraud
□
67-Dischargeability - §523(a)(4), fraud as fiduciary, embezzlement, larceny
(continued next column) | FRBP 7001(10) Determination of Removed Action
□
01-Determination of removed claim or cause
Other
□
SS-SIPA Case – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.
□
02-Other (e.g. other actions that would have been brought in state court
if unrelated to bankruptcy case) | | | | | |\n| □ Check if this case involves a substantive issue of state law | | □ Check if this is asserted to be a class action under FRCP 23 | | | | |\n| □ Check if a jury trial is demanded in complaint | Demand \\$ | | | | | |\n| Other Relief Sought | | | | | | |\n\n#### **B1040 (FORM 1040) (12/15)**\n\n| BANKRUPTCY CASE IN WHICH THIS ADVERSARY PROCEEDING ARISES | | | | | | | |\n|---------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|--|--|--|--|\n| NAME OF DEBTOR
Ho Wan Kwok | | BANKRUPTCY CASE NO.
22-50073 | | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH CASE IS PENDING
Connecticut | | DIVISION OFFICE
Bridgeport | NAME OF JUDGE
Julie A. Manning | | | | |\n| RELATED ADVERSARY PROCEEDING (IF ANY) | | | | | | | |\n| PLAINTIFF | DEFENDANT | | ADVERSARY
PROCEEDING NO. | | | | |\n| DISTRICT IN WHICH ADVERSARY IS PENDING | | DIVISION OFFICE | NAME OF JUDGE | | | | |\n| SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
/s/ Patrick R. Linsey | | | | | | | |\n| DATE
February 12, 2025 | | PRINT NAME OF ATTORNEY (OR PLAINTIFF)
Patrick R. Linsey | | | | | |\n\n#### **INSTRUCTIONS**\n\nThe filing of a bankruptcy case creates an \"estate\" under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court which consists of all of the property of the debtor, wherever that property is located. Because the bankruptcy estate is so extensive and the jurisdiction of the court so broad, there may be lawsuits over the property or property rights of the estate. There also may be lawsuits concerning the debtor's discharge. If such a lawsuit is filed in a bankruptcy court, it is called an adversary proceeding.\n\nA party filing an adversary proceeding must also must complete and file Form 1040, the Adversary Proceeding Cover Sheet, unless the party files the adversary proceeding electronically through the court's Case Management/Electronic Case Filing system (CM/ECF). (CM/ECF captures the information on Form 1040 as part of the filing process.) When completed, the cover sheet summarizes basic information on the adversary proceeding. The clerk of court needs the information to process the adversary proceeding and prepare required statistical reports on court activity.\n\nThe cover sheet and the information contained on it do not replace or supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, the Bankruptcy Rules, or the local rules of court. The cover sheet, which is largely selfexplanatory, must be completed by the plaintiff's attorney (or by the plaintiff if the plaintiff is not represented by an attorney). A separate cover sheet must be submitted to the clerk for each complaint filed.\n\n**Plaintiffs** and **Defendants.** Give the names of the plaintiffs and defendants exactly as they appear on the complaint.\n\n**Attorneys.** Give the names and addresses of the attorneys, if known.\n\n**Party**. Check the most appropriate box in the first column for the plaintiffs and the second column for the defendants.\n\n**Demand.** Enter the dollar amount being demanded in the complaint.\n\n**Signature.** This cover sheet must be signed by the attorney of record in the box on the second page of the form. If the plaintiff is represented by a law firm, a member of the firm must sign. If the plaintiff is pro se, that is, not represented by an attorney, the plaintiff must sign.\n\n# **UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT BRIDGEPORT DIVISION**\n\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | x | |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|---------------------------------|--------------------------------|\n| In re: | | :
: | Chapter 11 |\n| HO WAN KWOK,
et al., | 1 | :
: | Case No. 22-50073 (JAM) |\n| | Debtors. | :
:
: | (Jointly Administered) |\n| -----------------------------------------------------------
LUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11
TRUSTEE,
v. | Plaintiff, | x
:
:
:
:
:
: | Adv. Proceeding No. __________ |\n| PRODOME MANAGEMENT
CONSULTING, LLC | Defendant. | :
:
:
:
:
: | February 12, 2025 |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------- | | :
x | |\n\n## **COMPLAINT OF CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE SEEKING AVOIDANCE AND RECOVERY OF POSTPETITION TRANSFERS AND RELATED RELIEF PURSUANT TO BANKRUPTCY CODE SECTIONS 549 AND 550**\n\nLuc A. Despins, in his capacity as the chapter 11 trustee (the \"Trustee\") appointed in the\n\nchapter 11 case (the \"Chapter 11 Case\") of Ho Wan Kwok (the \"Debtor\" or \"Kwok\"), files this\n\n1 The Debtors in these chapter 11 cases are Ho Wan Kwok (also known as Guo Wengui, Miles Guo, and Miles Kwok, as well as numerous other aliases) (last four digits of tax identification number: 9595), Genever Holdings LLC (last four digits of tax identification number: 8202) and Genever Holdings Corporation. The mailing address for the Trustee, Genever Holdings LLC, and the Genever Holdings Corporation is Paul Hastings LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166 c/o Luc A. Despins, as Trustee for the Estate of Ho Wan Kwok (solely for purposes of notices and communications).\n\nadversary complaint (the \"Complaint\") against defendant Prodome Management Consulting, LLC (the \"Defendant\"), stating as follows:\n\n## **NATURE OF ACTION**\n\n1. The Trustee commences this adversary proceeding to avoid and recover: (a) transfers of the Debtor's property prior to the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case; and (b) transfers of property of the Debtor's chapter 11 estate after the commencement of this Chapter 11 Case and not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or under Title 11 of the United States Code (the \"Bankruptcy Code\").\n\n2. The Debtor, through his alter ego shell company, River Valley Operations LLC (\"River Valley\"), transferred funds in the aggregate amount of \\$386,045.96 after the Petition Date (as defined herein) to the Defendant as initial transferee.\n\n3. Because these postpetition transfers of estate property were not authorized by the Court or under the Bankruptcy Code, they are subject to avoidance and recovery under sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **JURISDICTION AND VENUE**\n\n4. This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this adversary proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).\n\n5. This adversary proceeding has been referred to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(a).\n\n6. The statutory predicates for the relief sought herein include sections 549 and 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **THE PARTIES**\n\n2\n\n7. The Trustee is the chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case pursuant to the Bankruptcy Court's order entered on July 8, 2022 [Case No. 22-50073 (the \"Main Case\") Docket No. 523].\n\n8. The Defendant is a limited liability company with offices located at Office 2503, Level 25, Al Wahda Commercial Tower, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.\n\n## **FACTS**\n\n## **A. Chapter 11 Case**\n\n9. The Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code on February 15, 2022 (the \"Petition Date\") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut (the \"Court\" or the \"Bankruptcy Court\"), thus commencing the Chapter 11 Case.\n\n10. On March 21, 2022, the Office of the United States Trustee appointed an Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors in this Chapter 11 Case. No examiner has been appointed.\n\n11. The Debtor's bankruptcy schedules, filed in March 2022 with the Bankruptcy Court, claimed that he owned \\$3,850 in assets and had incurred hundreds of millions of dollars of liabilities.2 While the Debtor was, indeed, deeply indebted, his schedules failed to disclose the Debtor's property as held and/or transferred through his many alter ego shell companies, including River Valley.\n\n12. On June 15, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered a memorandum of decision and order [Main Case Docket No. 465] directing the United States Trustee to appoint a chapter 11 trustee in the Chapter 11 Case. Pursuant to this order, the United States Trustee selected Luc A.\n\n2 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, at 1 [Main Case Docket No. 78].\n\nDespins as the Trustee. On July 8, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the appointment of Luc A. Despins as the Trustee in the Chapter 11 Case [Main Case Docket No. 523].\n\n## **B. Debtor's Use of Shell Companies and Trustee's Adversary Proceedings**\n\n13. River Valley, is among the numerous alter ego shell companies used by the Debtor to hinder, delay, and/or defraud his creditors. For years, the Debtor has orchestrated a \"shell game,\" employing a convoluted web of shell companies, nominally owned by family members, lieutenants, and/or subordinates, but in reality, controlled by the Debtor. This shell game enabled the Debtor to use and spend and/or transfer millions of dollars of cash and other assets—while concealing his property from creditors.\n\n14. Since his appointment, the Trustee has commenced a number of adversary proceedings in the Chapter 11 Case to, among other things, establish that the Debtor's shell companies were his alter egos and/or that such companies and their assets were equitably owned by the Debtor and in several such adversary proceedings the Bankruptcy Court has already granted such relief.3\n\n15. The Trustee is pursuing this relief with respect to River Valley in *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322] (the\n\n3 Adversary proceedings in which the Trustee is seeking or has obtained such relief include, in addition to the Omnibus A.P.: (i) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]; (ii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]; (iii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo* [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]; (iv) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]; (v) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]; (vi) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited* [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]; (vii) *Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC*, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]; (viii) *Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd*, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]; and (ix) *Luc. A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited, et al* [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311].\n\n\"Omnibus A.P.\"). The Trustee incorporates by reference herein his Complaint filed in the Omnibus A.P. (Omnibus A.P., Docket No. 1).\n\n16. The fact patterns in these litigations consistently involve: (i) Debtor-controlled shell companies held by close family members and/or subordinates, (ii) assets purchased with cash from other Debtor-controlled entities and/or transferred to and among shell entities for no consideration, and (iii) the Debtor benefiting from and having control and dominion over such assets.\n\n## **C. Debtor's Shell Game and Fraud Continues Postpetition**\n\n17. As of the Petition Date, all of the Debtor's property held through his alter egos, including River Valley, became property of the chapter 11 estate. *See* 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).\n\n18. Following the Petition Date, the Debtor, with blatant disregard for the Bankruptcy Court and his obligations under the Bankruptcy Code, continued to effectuate transfers through numerous alter ego shell companies, including, without limitation, River Valley.\n\n19. None of these postpetition transfers were authorized by the Bankruptcy Court nor were such transfers authorized under the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n## **D. Tolling of Avoidance Claims**\n\n20. On February 15, 2024, the Court entered its *Memorandum of Decision and Order Granting in Part Motion to Extend Deadlines* [Main Case Docket No. 2921] (the \"Tolling Order\"), in which the Court, pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b), extended the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through and including August 15, 2024.\n\n21. In the Tolling Order, the Court found that since the Petition Date, the Debtor has, among other things, filed incomplete or inaccurate schedules and statements of financial affairs, failed to provide books and records to the Trustee, and otherwise failed to cooperate with the Trustee, all in flagrant disregard for his obligations as a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code. (Tolling Order at p. 14.).\n\n22. The Debtor's family members and other individuals and entities associated with him have likewise obstructed the Trustee's investigation, as evidenced by the Court's entry of \"at least eight orders holding the … Debtor, his daughter, [Mei] Guo, and entities allegedly controlled by the … Debtor in contempt for failure to turn over assets and discovery abuse.\" (*Id.* at p. 15.). The Court found the \"noncompliance with this Court's orders in these jointly administered chapter 11 cases, is extraordinary\" (*id.*), and that, in the face of such obstruction, the Trustee's investigation has been \"more than reasonably diligent.\" (*id.* at p. 17). Since February 2024, the Trustee has filed more than 280 adversary proceedings. (*See* Main Docket, generally)*.*\n\n23. On August 14, 2024, the Court entered its *Order Granting Second Motion for Extension of Deadline for Trustee to File Avoidance Actions* [Main Case Docket No. 3417] (the \"Second Tolling Order\"), further extending the time limitations set forth in Sections 108, 546, and 549 of the Bankruptcy Code for the Trustee to commence avoidance actions through February 15, 2025, and noting the continued obstacles to the Trustee's investigation and the Trustee's diligence in conducting same (Second Tolling Order at pp. 2-3).\n\n24. The Trustee has acted diligently in investigating and pursuing the claims asserted in this Complaint.\n\n25. In light of, among other things, the extraordinary obstruction that the Trustee has faced in conducting his diligent investigation, the balance of the equities strongly favors equitable tolling of any statutes of limitations applicable to the claims asserted herein.\n\n## **E. Transfers to Defendant**\n\n6\n\n26. Subsequent to the Petition Date, the Debtor, through his shell company River\n\nValley, or otherwise, transferred property of the estate to the Defendant (collectively, the \"Transfers\"), including, without limitation, as follows:\n\nSee **SCHEDULE** A attached hereto and made a part hereof.\n\n27. At the time of the Transfers, the Debtor had outstanding obligations to creditors of the Debtor's estate.\n\n28. The Defendant was the initial transferee of the Transfers.\n\n## **FIRST CLAIM**\n\n## **(Claim to Avoid and Recover Unauthorized Postpetition Transfers pursuant to Bankruptcy Code sections 549 and 550(a))**\n\n29. The Trustee repeats and realleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1-28 as if fully set forth herein.\n\n30. The Transfers were made to the Defendant by the Debtor, including through his alter ego shell company River Valley.\n\n31. The Transfers occurred after the Petition Date.\n\n32. The Transfers were not authorized by the Bankruptcy Court or by the Bankruptcy\n\nCode.\n\n33. The Transfers constituted the unauthorized transfer of property of the Debtor's\n\nchapter 11 estate.\n\n34. The Transfers are avoidable pursuant to section 549(a) of the Bankruptcy Code.\n\n35. Pursuant to section 550(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the Trustee is entitled to recover the Transfers, or the value thereof, from the Defendant plus interest thereon to the date of payment and the costs of this action.\n\n7\n\n## **PRAYER FOR RELIEF**\n\nWHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, the Trustee respectfully requests that judgment be entered as follows:\n\n1. An order (a) declaring that the Transfers in an amount not less than \\$386,045.96 are avoided pursuant to section 549 of the Bankruptcy Code; and (b) an order directing that the Transfers be set aside; and (c) recovery of the Transfers, or the value thereof at the Trustee's option, from the Defendant for the benefit of the Debtor's estate pursuant to section 550(a)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code;\n\n2. Awarding the Trustee pre-judgment interest at the maximum legal rate from the date of the filing of this Complaint to the date of judgment herein; and\n\n3. Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just, proper, or equitable under the circumstances.\n\nDated: February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS, CHAPTER 11 TRUSTEE\n\nBy: */s/ Patrick R. Linsey\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_* Douglas S. Skalka (ct00616) Patrick R. Linsey (ct29437) NEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C. 195 Church Street, 13th Floor New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (203) 781-2847 dskalka@npmlaw.com plinsey@npmlaw.com *Counsel for the Chapter 11 Trustee*\n\n# **SCHEDULE A**\n\n| ID # | Account Holder | Date | | Amount |\n|-------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|------------|----|--------------|\n| 1 | River Valley Operations LLC | 9/8/2022 | \\$ | (2,842.28) |\n| 2 | River Valley Operations LLC | 9/27/2022 | | (110,558.04) |\n| 3 | River Valley Operations LLC | 10/27/2022 | | (248,136.79) |\n| 4 | River Valley Operations LLC | 11/9/2022 | | (24,508.85) |\n| Total - Payments to Prodome Management Consulting LLC | | | | (386,045.96) |","body_zh":"B1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n对抗程序封面页\n（背面说明） 对抗程序编号\n（仅供法院使用）\n\n原告\nLuc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章受托人 被告\nProdome Management Consulting, LLC（Prodome管理咨询有限责任公司）\n律师（律师事务所名称、地址和电话号码）\nDouglas S. Skalka（道格拉斯·S·斯卡尔卡），Patrick R. Linsey（帕特里克·R·林赛）\nNeubert, Pepe & Monteith, P.C.（诺伊伯特、佩佩和蒙蒂思专业公司）\n195 Church Street，13层，New Haven, CT 06510\n203-781-2847 律师\n（如已知）\n当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 债务人\n□ 美国\n受托人/破产管理人\n□ 债权人\n□ 其他\n□ 受托人\n✔ □ 债务人\n□ 债权人\n□ 受托人 当事人（仅勾选一项）\n□ 美国受托人/破产\n管理人\n□ 其他\n✔\n诉因\n（简要陈述诉因，包括所涉全部美国法条）\n第11章受托人依据《破产法》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n诉讼性质\n（最多为五（5）个方框编号，以主要诉因为1、第一项备选诉因为2、第二项备选诉因为3，依此类推。）\nFRBP 7001(1) – 金钱/财产追回\n□\n11-金钱/财产追回 - §542 财产返还\n□\n12-金钱/财产追回 - §547 优先受偿\n□\n13-金钱/财产追回 - §548 欺诈性转让\n□\n✔\n14-金钱/财产追回 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(2) – 留置权的有效性、优先顺位或范围\n□\n21-留置权或其他财产权益的有效性、优先顺位或范围 FRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性（续）\n□\n61-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(5)，家庭扶养费\n□\n68-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(6)，故意及恶意损害\n□\n63-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(8)，学生贷款\n□\n64-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(15)，离婚或分居义务\n（家庭扶养费除外）\n□\n65-债务可免除性 - 其他\nFRBP 7001(3) – 批准出售财产\n□\n31-批准出售破产财团及共同所有人的财产 - §363(h) FRBP 7001(7) – 禁令救济\n□\n71-禁令救济 – 实施中止\n□\n72-禁令救济 – 其他\nFRBP 7001(4) – 对免责提出异议/撤销免责\n□\n41-对免责提出异议/撤销免责 - §727(c),(d),(e) FRBP 7001(8) 债权或权益从属\n□\n81-债权或权益从属\nFRBP 7001(5) – 撤销确认\n□\n51-撤销确认 □\n91-确认之诉 FRBP 7001(9) 确认判决\nFRBP 7001(6) – 债务可免除性\n□\n66-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(1),(14),(14A) 优先税收债权\n□\n62-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(2)，虚假借口、虚假陈述、\n实际欺诈\n□\n67-债务可免除性 - §523(a)(4)，受托人欺诈、侵占、盗窃\n（续见下一栏） FRBP 7001(10) 移送诉讼的裁定\n□\n01-对移送的债权或诉因作出裁定\n其他\n□\nSS-SIPA案件 – 15 U.S.C. §§78aaa et.seq.\n□\n02-其他（例如，如与破产案件无关本应在州法院提起的其他诉讼）\n□ 如本案涉及州法实体问题，请勾选 □ 如主张本案为依据FRCP 23的集体诉讼，请勾选\n□ 如起诉状中要求陪审团审判，请勾选 请求金额 \\$\n请求的其他救济\nB1040（表格1040）（12/15）\n\n本对抗程序所源自的破产案件\n\n债务人姓名\nHo Wan Kwok（郭文贵） 破产案件编号\n22-50073\n案件审理地区\nConnecticut（康涅狄格州） 分院\nBridgeport（布里奇波特） 法官姓名\nJulie A. Manning（朱莉·A·曼宁）\n相关对抗程序（如有）\n原告 被告 对抗\n程序编号\n对抗程序审理地区 分院 法官姓名\n律师（或原告）签名\n/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\n日期\nFebruary 12, 2025 律师（或原告）正楷姓名\nPatrick R. Linsey\n说明\n\n破产案件的提起，产生由破产法院管辖的“破产财团”，该财团由债务人的全部财产构成，无论该等财产位于何处。由于破产财团范围广泛且法院管辖权十分宽泛，可能就破产财团的财产或财产权利发生诉讼。也可能发生与债务人免责有关的诉讼。如该等诉讼在破产法院提起，则称为对抗程序。\n\n提起对抗程序的一方还必须填写并提交表格1040，即《对抗程序封面页》，除非该方通过法院的案件管理/电子案件提交系统（CM/ECF）以电子方式提交对抗程序。（CM/ECF在提交过程中获取表格1040中的信息。）填写完毕后，封面页概述对抗程序的基本信息。法院书记员需要该等信息以处理对抗程序并编制所需的法院活动统计报告。\n\n封面页及其所载信息不替代或补充法律、《破产程序规则》或法院地方法规则所要求的诉状或其他文件的提交和送达。该封面页大部分内容不言自明，必须由原告律师填写（如原告无律师代理，则由原告填写）。每份提交的起诉状均须向书记员另行提交一份封面页。\n\n原告和被告。请准确填写起诉状中所列原告和被告的姓名。\n\n律师。如已知，请填写律师的姓名和地址。\n\n当事人。请在第一栏中为原告勾选最适当的方框，并在第二栏中为被告勾选最适当的方框。\n\n请求金额。填写起诉状中所请求的美元金额。\n\n签名。本封面页必须由登记在案的律师在表格第二页的方框内签署。如原告由律师事务所代理，则必须由该事务所的一名成员签署。如原告自行诉讼，即无律师代理，则必须由原告签署。\n\n美国破产法院 康涅狄格州地区 布里奇波特分院\n\n----------------------------------------------------------- x\n\n关于： :\n: 第11章\nHO WAN KWOK（郭文贵），\n等，1 :\n: 案号 22-50073 (JAM)\n债务人。 :\n:\n: （联合管理）\n\nLUC A. DESPINS（卢克·A·德斯平斯），第11章\n受托人，\n诉 原告， x\n\n: 对抗程序编号 __________\nPRODOME MANAGEMENT\nCONSULTING, LLC（Prodome管理\n咨询有限责任公司） 被告。 :\n\n: February 12, 2025\n\nx\n第11章受托人依据《破产法》第549条和第550条寻求撤销及追回申请后转让及相关救济的起诉状\n\nLuc A. Despins以其在Ho Wan Kwok（“债务人”或“Kwok”）的\n\n1 本第11章案件中的债务人为Ho Wan Kwok（亦称Guo Wengui、Miles Guo及Miles Kwok，以及众多其他别名）（税务识别号码后四位：9595）、Genever Holdings LLC（Genever控股有限责任公司）（税务识别号码后四位：8202）及Genever Holdings Corporation（Genever控股公司）。受托人、Genever Holdings LLC及Genever Holdings Corporation的邮寄地址为Paul Hastings LLP（宝盛律师事务所），200 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10166，转Luc A. Despins，作为Ho Wan Kwok破产财团的受托人（仅用于通知和通信）。\n\n第11章案件（“第11章案件”）中获任命的第11章受托人（“受托人”）身份，对被告Prodome Management Consulting, LLC（“被告”）提起本对抗程序起诉状（“起诉状”），陈述如下：\n\n诉讼性质\n\n1. 受托人提起本对抗程序，以撤销并追回：(a) 本第11章案件开始前对债务人财产作出的转让；以及(b) 本第11章案件开始后，未经破产法院或《美国法典》第11编（“破产法”）授权而对债务人第11章破产财团财产作出的转让。\n\n2. 债务人通过其另我空壳公司River Valley Operations LLC（“River Valley”），于申请日后（定义见下文）向作为初始受让人的被告转让合计金额为\\$386,045.96的资金。\n\n3. 因该等破产财团财产的申请后转让未经法院或《破产法》授权，故其可依据《破产法》第549条和第550条予以撤销和追回。\n\n管辖权和审判地\n\n4. 本院根据28 U.S.C. § 1334(b)，对本对抗程序享有事项管辖权。\n\n5. 本对抗程序根据28 U.S.C. § 157(a)移送本院审理。\n\n6. 本文所请求救济的法定依据包括《破产法》第549条和第550条。\n\n当事人\n\n7. 根据破产法院于July 8, 2022作出的命令[案号22-50073（“主案件”）案卷编号523]，受托人为第11章案件中的第11章受托人。\n\n8. 被告是一家有限责任公司，其办事处位于Office 2503, Level 25, Al Wahda Commercial Tower, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates（阿拉伯联合酋长国阿布扎比阿尔瓦达商业大厦25层2503室）。\n\n事实\n\nA. 第11章案件\n\n9. 债务人于February 15, 2022在United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Connecticut（美国康涅狄格州地区破产法院）（“法院”或“破产法院”）自愿提交依据《破产法》第11章寻求救济的申请（“申请日”），从而启动第11章案件。\n\n10. 于March 21, 2022，Office of the United States Trustee（美国受托人办公室）在本第11章案件中任命了无担保债权人正式委员会。尚未任命审查人。\n\n11. 债务人于March 2022向破产法院提交的破产清单称，其拥有\\$3,850的资产，并产生了数亿美元的负债。2 尽管债务人确实负债累累，但其清单未披露债务人通过其众多另我空壳公司（包括River Valley）持有和/或转让的财产。\n\n12. 于June 15, 2022，破产法院作出备忘录决定及命令[主案件案卷编号465]，指示美国受托人在第11章案件中任命一名第11章受托人。根据该命令，美国受托人选定Luc A.\n\n2 资产和负债清单，第1页[主案件案卷编号78]。\n\nDespins担任受托人。于July 8, 2022，破产法院作出命令，批准任命Luc A. Despins为第11章案件的受托人[主案件案卷编号523]。\n\nB. 债务人对空壳公司的使用及受托人的对抗程序\n\n13. River Valley是债务人为阻碍、拖延和/或欺诈其债权人而使用的众多另我空壳公司之一。多年来，债务人策划了一场“空壳游戏”，利用一个错综复杂的空壳公司网络；该等公司名义上由家庭成员、亲信和/或下属所有，实际上由债务人控制。这场空壳游戏使债务人能够使用、支出和/或转让数百万美元的现金及其他资产，同时向债权人隐匿其财产。\n\n14. 自获任命以来，受托人已在第11章案件中提起若干对抗程序，以实现包括确认债务人的空壳公司系其另我和/或该等公司及其资产在衡平法上归债务人所有在内的目的；破产法院已在若干该等对抗程序中准许该等救济。3\n\n15. 受托人正在Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. AA Global Ventures Limited, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05322]（该\n\n3 除综合对抗程序（Omnibus A.P.）外，受托人正在寻求或已获得该等救济的对抗程序包括：(i) Luc A. Despins（卢克·A·德斯平斯）, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HK International Funds Investments (USA) Limited, LLC（香港国际基金投资〈美国〉有限公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 22-05003]；(ii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Greenwich Land LLC（格林尼治地产有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05005]；(iii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Mei Guo（郭美） [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05008]；(iv) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. HCHK Technologies, Inc.（HCHK科技公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05013]；(v) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Taurus Fund LLC（金牛基金有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 23-05017]；(vi) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Golden Spring (New York) Limited（金泉〈纽约〉有限公司） [Adv. Proc. 23-05018]；(vii) Luc A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Lamp Capital LLC（蓝普资本有限责任公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. 23-05023]；(viii) Despins v. ACA Capital Group Ltd（ACA资本集团有限公司）, et al. [Adv. Proc. No. 24-05249]；以及 (ix) Luc. A. Despins, Chapter 11 Trustee v. Bouillor Holdings Limited（布伊约控股有限公司）, et al [Adv. Proc. No. 24-5311]。\n\n“综合对抗程序”）。受托人在此通过援引方式纳入其于综合对抗程序中提交的起诉状（综合对抗程序，Docket No. 1）。\n\n16. 这些诉讼中的事实模式一贯包括：(i) 由近亲和/或下属持有的、由债务人控制的空壳公司，(ii) 使用来自其他由债务人控制实体的现金购置的资产，和/或无对价转让给或在各空壳实体之间转让的资产，以及 (iii) 债务人从该等资产中受益，并对该等资产享有控制权和支配权。\n\nC. 债务人的空壳公司操作和欺诈行为在申请破产后仍在继续\n\n17. 截至申请日，通过债务人的替身实体持有的所有债务人财产，包括River Valley（河谷），均成为第11章破产财产的一部分。见 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)。\n\n18. 申请日后，债务人公然无视破产法院及其在《破产法》下的义务，继续通过包括但不限于River Valley在内的众多替身空壳公司实施转让。\n\n19. 该等申请破产后转让均未经破产法院授权，亦未经《破产法》授权。\n\nD. 撤销请求权时效中止\n\n20. 2024年2月15日，法院作出《关于部分准许延长期限动议的决定备忘录及命令》[Main Case Docket No. 2921]（“时效中止命令”），其中法院根据 Bankruptcy Rule 9006(b)，将受托人提起撤销之诉的《破产法》第108、546及549条所规定的时限延长至2024年8月15日（含当日）。\n\n21. 在时效中止命令中，法院认定，自申请日以来，债务人除其他行为外，提交了不完整或不准确的财产清单和财务状况陈述，未向受托人提供账簿和记录，并且在其他方面未与受托人合作，所有这些行为均公然无视其作为《破产法》下债务人的义务。（时效中止命令，第14页。）\n\n22. 债务人的家庭成员及与其有关联的其他个人和实体同样阻碍了受托人的调查，法院作出“至少八项命令，认定……债务人、其女儿[郭美]以及据称由……债务人控制的实体，因未移交资产及滥用证据开示程序而构成藐视法庭”，即为明证。（同上，第15页。）法院认定，“在这些合并管理的第11章案件中不遵守本院命令的情形，是非同寻常的”（同上），并且在面对该等阻碍时，受托人的调查已“超过合理勤勉的程度”。（同上，第17页。）自2024年2月以来，受托人已提起280余项对抗程序。（见主案案卷，概况。）\n\n23. 2024年8月14日，法院作出《关于准许第二次延长受托人提起撤销之诉期限动议的命令》[Main Case Docket No. 3417]（“第二次时效中止命令”），进一步将受托人提起撤销之诉的《破产法》第108、546及549条所规定的时限延长至2025年2月15日，并注意到受托人调查持续面临的障碍及受托人在进行该项调查时的勤勉。（第二次时效中止命令，第2-3页。）\n\n24. 受托人在调查及追究本起诉状所主张的请求权时已勤勉行事。\n\n25. 鉴于包括受托人在进行勤勉调查时所面临的非同寻常阻碍在内的诸多因素，衡平考量强烈支持对适用于本案所主张请求权的任何诉讼时效实行衡平时效中止。\n\nE. 向被告的转让\n\n26. 申请日后，债务人通过其空壳公司River Valley或以其他方式，向被告转让了破产财产（统称“该等转让”），包括但不限于如下转让：\n\n见随附并构成本文件一部分的附表A。\n\n27. 在该等转让发生时，债务人对债务人破产财产的债权人负有未清偿债务。\n\n28. 被告为该等转让的初始受让人。\n\n第一项请求权\n\n（根据《破产法》第549条及第550(a)条请求撤销并追回未经授权的申请破产后转让）\n\n29. 受托人重述并再次主张第1至28段所载指称，如同在此完整载明。\n\n30. 该等转让由债务人向被告作出，包括通过其替身空壳公司River Valley作出。\n\n31. 该等转让发生于申请日后。\n\n32. 该等转让未经破产法院或《破产法》授权。\n\n33. 该等转让构成未经授权转让债务人第11章破产财产的行为。\n\n34. 根据《破产法》第549(a)条，该等转让可予撤销。\n\n35. 根据《破产法》第550(a)条，受托人有权向被告追回该等转让或其价值，并加计至付款日的利息及本案费用。\n\n救济请求\n\n因此，基于上述理由，受托人谨请求作出如下判决：\n\n1. 作出命令，(a) 宣告金额不少于$386,045.96的该等转让根据《破产法》第549条予以撤销；及 (b) 命令撤销该等转让；及 (c) 根据《破产法》第550(a)(1)条，为债务人破产财产的利益，由被告向受托人追回该等转让，或由受托人选择追回其价值；\n\n2. 自本起诉状提交之日起至本案判决之日止，按法定最高利率向受托人判给判决前利息；以及\n\n3. 法院在此情形下认为公正、适当或符合衡平原则的其他及进一步救济。\n\n日期：February 12, 2025 New Haven, CT\n\nLUC A. DESPINS，第11章受托人\n\n代理人：/s/ Patrick R. Linsey\nDouglas S. Skalka (ct00616)\nPatrick R. Linsey (ct29437)\nNEUBERT, PEPE & MONTEITH, P.C.\n195 Church Street, 13th Floor\nNew Haven, Connecticut 06510\n(203) 781-2847\ndskalka@npmlaw.com\nplinsey@npmlaw.com\n第11章受托人的律师\n\n附表A\n\n编号 账户持有人 日期 金额\n\n1 River Valley Operations LLC（河谷运营有限责任公司） 9/8/2022 $ (2,842.28)\n2 River Valley Operations LLC 9/27/2022 (110,558.04)\n3 River Valley Operations LLC 10/27/2022 (248,136.79)\n4 River Valley Operations LLC 11/9/2022 (24,508.85)\n合计－向Prodome Management Consulting LLC（Prodome管理咨询有限责任公司）的付款 (386,045.96)","key_entities":["Despins","Kwok","Ho Wan Kwok","Guo","Je","Miles Guo","HCHK","Paul Hastings","Pro Se","pro se"],"ecf_references":[],"word_count":3148,"status":"published","published_at":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-23 18:46:04"}